communication: controls. controls: key learning points type of control control characteristics...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Communication:Controls
![Page 2: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Controls:Key Learning Points
• Type of Control• Control Characteristics• Unintended Activation• Prevent Incorrect
Identification• Make Accomplishments
Equal Intentions• Properly Locate and
Arrange the Controls
![Page 3: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Control Definition
• A control is an input device on a machine that allows a human to communicate with the machine that functions with in a system.
![Page 4: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of Communication Systems
• Open-Loop System• Closed-Loop System
![Page 5: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Type of Control: First Step
• Discrete control• Continuous control
![Page 6: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Type of Control: Second Step
• What part of the body will Implement the mental command or desired action.– Hand– Arm– Finger– Foot
![Page 7: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Type of Control:Third Step
• Mechanical interface between the human body and the machine interior
![Page 8: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Type of Control
• When selecting the control type, consider the potential and affects of errors.
![Page 9: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Proper Control Characteristic
• Force• Keys and Pushbuttons• Knobs• Cranks• Hand Wheels• Foot / Leg Controls
![Page 10: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Proper Control Characteristic:Force
• People Variables– Muscles used– User population– Percentile population
• Control Variables– Purpose– Design
![Page 11: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Proper Control Characteristic:Keys and Pushbutton
• Concave• “Pimple”• Consistent Spacing• Consistent Displacement• Key Interlocks
![Page 12: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Used for non-critical operations
• A series of buttons can be used in sequence.
• Has only two settings, on or off
• Operated with the fingers or hand.
Proper Control Characteristic:Pushbutton
![Page 13: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Operated by finger or hand
• Can be rocked forward, backward or sideways
• Usually has two positions
• Sometimes 3 positions
Proper Control Characteristic:Rocker Switch
![Page 14: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Proper Control Characteristic:Knobs
• For a 35 mm diameter or length the maximum torque should be 7 N-m.
• An oval door knob vs a rounded knob is a good compromise for bearing surface and esthetics.
• eliminate sharp edges and small radii.
![Page 15: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Proper Control Characteristic:Knobs
• For circular knob designs, if the rotation axis is parallel to the base of the fingers, requiring forearm rotation, increasing diameter increases the torque up to a diameter equal to the hand grip span.
• On average this will be around 50 mm. If the axis is perpendicular to the palm/forearm, torque increases with diameter up to about 50% of hand length, which is about 90 mm.
![Page 16: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Proper Control Characteristic:Rotary Selector Switch
• Turned by hand• No more than 24
settings• 15 degrees between
settings• Increase value
clockwise• Decrease value
counterclockwise
![Page 17: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Proper Control Characteristic:Thumbwheel
• A special knob which is operated by the thumb while the fingers may be engaged in another activity.
• Limited range continuous adjustment
![Page 18: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Proper Control Characteristic:Cranks
• Knurling is a series of small ridges or grooves on the surface or edge of a metal object, such as a thumbscrew, to aid in gripping.
![Page 19: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Proper Control Characteristic:Hand Wheels
• If pushing is not required, knurls permit as much as 70% more torque than lids that are not knurled.
![Page 20: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Proper Control Characteristic:Cranks
• Since the grip normally does not move within the hand, a high coefficient of friction is good. However, the grip should rotate on the crank to allow good hand-wrist orientation throughout the rotation.
![Page 21: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Proper Control Characteristic:Hand Wheels
• Two hands can be used to generate greater torque.
• Two forces involved in using a hand wheel:– The cranking force to
unlock the valve– The turning force
![Page 22: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Proper Control Characteristic:Hand Wheels
• Power Steering – Wheel diameter 350-400 mm.– Wheel orientation 30˚.
• Non-Power Steering – Wheel diameter of 450-510 mm.– Wheel orientation 45˚.
• Grip diameter should be 20-32 mm for either application.
![Page 23: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Proper Control Characteristic:Foot / Leg Controls
• For continuous control it is better to bend the ankle by depressing the toe rather than depressing the heel or moving the entire leg.
• The range of movement at the ankle is 80˚ -115˚.
![Page 24: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Proper Control Characteristic:Foot / Leg Controls
• On-off controls, such as faucets and clamping fixtures can also be activated by lateral motion of the knee and the vertical motion of the foot.
![Page 25: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Prevent Unintended Activation
• Controls should be designed to prevent unintended activation.
![Page 26: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Prevent Unintended Activation
• In general, all equipment should have an “emergency stop” control. In some cases equipment should turn off or stop when a control is released.
![Page 27: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Prevent Unintended Activation
• Reaction times– Human
• Sensing• Making a decision• Carrying out decision
– Machine• Time needed to stop
![Page 28: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Prevent Unintended Activation
• Have a control indicate when it has been activated with the use of position, light, sound, etc. Therefore, if it is activated accidently, the operator may be able to reverse the control.
![Page 29: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Prevent Unintended Activation
1. Key of special tool activation (locks)
2. Interlocks
3. Barriers or covers
4. Recessing
5. Spacing
6. Resistance
7. Direction
![Page 30: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Prevent Incorrect Identification
1. Labeling
2. Color
3. Shape
4. Size
5. Mode of operation
6. Location
![Page 31: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• Color can improve information layout.
• Search processes can be accelerated
• Informational units can be combined or separated
• Warning and help signals can be easier to detect.
• Colors can offer additional information without occupying additional space.
Prevent Incorrect Identification:Color
![Page 32: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Prevent Incorrect Identification:Location
• Use consistent layout to achieve good orientation for the user.
• The same function should be available at the same place.
• The same action should always produce the same result.
![Page 33: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Prevent Incorrect Identification:Shape
• Shape Coding• Up to nine different
shapes can be used.
![Page 34: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Make Accomplishments Equal to the Intentions
• Accomplish what was intended• Population Stereotypes• Control / Response Ratio
![Page 35: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Location and Arrangement:Foot Controls
• For feet controls providing continuous power, the seated-to-pedal distance should be adjusted so the leg is fully extended an the bottom of the stroke. The crank length should be approximately 20% of leg length, that is, 10% of stature height.
![Page 36: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Location and Arrangement:Hand Controls
• Keyboards• Manipulative controls• Force controls
![Page 37: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Location and Arrangement:Keyboards
• Keyboards have two special characteristics: They are used repetitively, and they are used with both hands.
![Page 38: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Location and Arrangement:Manipulative Controls
• Anthropometric 1st percentile reach distance.
• Reach is to the center of the palm.
![Page 39: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Location and Arrangement:Force Controls
• Standing– Waist height– Push preferred to pull– Down preferred to before
• Kneeling– Pull preferred to push– Up preferred to down
![Page 40: Communication: Controls. Controls: Key Learning Points Type of Control Control Characteristics Unintended Activation Prevent Incorrect Identification](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e4b5503460f94b40779/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Communication:Controls
• Work Design– Chapter 15
• Fitting The Task To The Human– Chapter 9 – Human-Machine
Systems