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Human Development &
Leadership Division
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Human Development &
Leadership Division
Communication for Leaders
Diane Kulisek, Lukas Cap, Kemi Sorinmade
Copyright ASQ Human Development and Leadership Division, 2017
1
It is all you have
As a leader, communication is the one indispensable tool you really have
available to do your work. Most definitions of leadership involve
influencing others. That is not possible without some transmission of
information. Your communication may be verbal or it may be nonverbal.
For example, Nelson Mandela’s going to prison communicated an important
message to both his adversaries and his followers. While no words were
attached, the meaning was clear. He was not going to give up until he
achieved his mission.
The consequences of ineffective organizational communication are severe.
They include increased employee turnover, project failure, decreased
customer satisfaction and consequent loss of business. Many disasters can
be attributed to communication failures. For example, the inability of NASA
engineers to effectively communicate the dangers of a cold weather launch
to NASA executives led to the Challenger disaster. Note that we said
effectively. They attempted to communicate the danger, but the
communication was not successful. Communication requires a sender and
recipient. In this case recipient rejected the message.
For thousands of years Aristotle’s rhetoric (Hbrorg, 2013) provided the key
concepts of good communication and persuasion. These concepts are
explained as:
Pathos is the appeal to emotional connection: the reason your audience
believes that what you’re saying matters to them. The importance and the
power of making emotional bonds are more critical than ever for present-
day leaders.
Ethos is essentially a leader’s credibility. In simple terms, it’s the reason
people should trust what a leader is saying. Positive ethos is the central
characteristic of a leader’s ability to persuade her audience. It is the basic
sentiment that informs the beliefs, customs, or practices of a group and is
revealed through the language you use.
However, what would pathos and ethos be without reason: logos? Logos is
recommended particularly in circumstances where the audience is likely to
have difficulty understanding the message. Leaders use common sense to
explain and persuade.
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Effective communication begins with character
Who you are as a person will influence what you communicate and how
well you connect with those you are communicating with. What you are on
the inside comes out eventually. That is why working on your personal
development will improve your ability to communicate in a way that people
will want to listen to what you have to say. According the Bible: “Out of the
abundance of the heart, the mouth speaks,” (Mathew 12:34). When you
work on yourself your communication improves.
In 2006, Abercrombie & Fitch CEO Mike Jeffries gave an interview to
Denizet-Lewis (Huffingtonpost.com, 2013a) in which he stated that the
retail chain’s clothes were exclusively for thin, attractive, “cool kids.” Those
comments were brought back to life in the spring of 2013 when re-quoted
in a widely read Business Insider blog post (Businessinsider.com, 2013). The
comments unleashed strong backlash from social media, consumers,
popular bloggers and high-profile individuals. To make matters worse,
Jeffries waited 12 days after the Business Insider blog post was published to
address the comments, but instead of helping to clarify his intent, his words
only attracted more negative attention. Rather than taking ownership of his
statement and apologizing, Jeffries attempted to invalidate the public
reaction by stating that the quote was “taken out of context,” and that he
regretted his words “were interpreted in a manner that has caused offense,” (Huffingtonpost.com, 2013b).
Jeffries contract was renewed, but he continued to receive negative
attention as people cast doubt on his leadership abilities. He eventually
retired in 2014. He had communicated a public image of arrogance and
insensitivity.
Contrast this with the story of the Japanese Airlines pilot who mistakenly
landed a DC8 in the marshy area of San Francisco Bay short of the runway.
Apparently, he and his co-pilot were using a landing procedure they never
attempted before. When asked by the National Transportation Safety Board
what happened he was said to reply, “I screwed up.”
Though temporarily banned from passenger flights and demoted to first
officer, the pilot continued to fly for JAL for a number of years until his
retirement (Wikipedia.org, 2017).
The pilot demonstrated the character to accept responsibility for his error
and persevered. The Abercrombie & Fitch executive did not and faded from
the scene.
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Emotional Intelligence avoids self-destructive communication
One view of Jeffries’ failure is that he demonstrated a lack of emotional
intelligence (EI). Emotional intelligence was originally described by
psychologists Salovey and Mayer (1989), but was popularized later by
Daniel Goleman (1995) in his book: Emotional Intelligence: Why it can
matter more than IQ.
Goleman’s definition of emotional intelligence is: “Understanding one’s own
feelings, empathy for the feelings of others and the regulation of emotion in
a way that enhances living.” Jeffries failed to anticipate the impact of his
communication on the feelings of others. When his own emotions arose as a
result of the criticism, he failed to communicate constructively.
One of the fundamental claims Goleman made about emotional intelligence
was that, unlike general intelligence (IQ), Emotional Intelligence (measured
as the emotional quotient or ‘EQ’) can be improved through learning and
practice of these principles four principles. First, knowing and managing
one’s own emotions; second, motivating oneself; third recognizing and
understanding the emotions of others, and, finally, managing the emotions
of others or managing relationships. While this claim is controversial, there
appears to be continuing agreement among psychologists and within the
professional development community
that the claim has merit (Hbrorg, 2013).
Salovey and Mayer (1990) described the
process of achieving emotional
intelligence in Figure 1. One begins with
recognizing emotions, moves to
understanding them, then to regulating
them, and finally to using them.
Figure 1
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The parallel between the process approach to improvement and the
process approach to improving emotional intelligence is intriguing.
Combined with the classic PDSA process improvement model, the evidence
that improvement of EI is similar to improvement of any other process
neatly emerges as follows:
This is a good point at which to begin our exploration of recognizing and
understanding emotions. In an overview of the work done by Goleman
(1995), the FME Team (Free-management-ebooks.com, 2017), listed ten
competencies for emotional intelligence relating to self-awareness and self-
management:
1. Emotional self-awareness: Reading one’s own emotions and
recognizing their impact
2. Accurate self-assessment: Knowing one’s strengths and limits
3. Self-confidence: A sound sense of one’s self-worth and capabilities
4. Emotional self-control: Keeping disruptive emotions and impulses
under control
5. Transparency: Displaying honesty and integrity; trustworthiness
6. Adaptability: Flexibility in adapting to changing situations or
overcoming obstacles
7. Achievement: The drive to improve performance to meet inner
standards of excellence
8. Initiative: Readiness to act and seize opportunities
9. Optimism: Seeing the upside in events
10. Being aware of and understanding one’s own personality, behavior
and emotions should be considered a pre-requisite to recognizing
or understanding these things about others.
Figure 2
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We must understand that two very different brain systems are
involved in communication
The work of Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky (Kahneman, 2011), for
which Kahneman became the first psychologist to win the Nobel Prize (the
2002 Prize in Economic Sciences, as there is no prize in Psychology),
described two cognitive systems in each person. System 1 is unconscious,
primitive, operates quickly, jumps to conclusions, is very resistant to
conflicting information once a conclusion is reached, and makes many of
our decisions. We typically ascribe these decisions to System 2, which is
conscious, slow, rational, and capable of overriding System 1, though it
often does not. But persuasion should not be aimed at System 2. Kahneman
argues that:
System 2 is more of an apologist for the emotions of System 1 than a
critic of those emotions—an endorser rather than an enforcer. Its
search for information and arguments is mostly constrained to
information that is consistent with existing beliefs, not with an
intention to examine them.
Thus, persuasion efforts should be directed at System 1. This is best done
under conditions of cognitive ease, meaning System 2 doesn’t have to strain
to understand the message. Such straining would disrupt the function of
System 1. A message will be most effective when it is simple, clear,
emphatic, memorable. Kahneman points out that a rhymed message is more
memorable than a version of the same message that is not rhymed and is
combined with messages that the listener believes to be true. The message
should be repeated frequently, and sound plausible. Complex arguments
alert System 2 and interfere with the function of System 1, making
persuasion less probable.
Body language and tone of voice are most likely assessed by System 1. We
are often unaware of our tone and body language. However, you definitely
process the tone and body language of someone who is speaking to you, and
it impacts our reaction to a communication.
System 1 is almost certainly where the emotions arise. Remember System 1
is not rational, but has considerable ability to determine behavior.
Emotional intelligence would lie in the ability of System 2, the rational
system, to sometimes exercise control over the behavior suggested by
System 1: behaviour which may be satisfying but strongly contrary to our
interest.
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Your demonstrated commitment makes an important statement
More important than words is the leader’s demonstration of a personal
commitment to an objective. Nelson Mandela’s commitment to ending
apartheid despite the heavy consequences he knew could (and did) occur,
communicated more than words ever could. The construction executive
who walks through a construction area without a hard hat sends a clear
message of his lack of commitment to safety. The old saying that actions
speak louder than words is important to remember if you truly want to
communicate in an authentic manner.
Find a way to connect with the audience
Everyone you communicate with is different and in order to inspire action,
and achieve desired results you need to connect with them first. Without
connection, the audience may hear what you’re saying, but your words will
have little impact on their thoughts or actions. What follows are six
principles to help enhance your connection with the audience:
1. Develop relationships – Building and maintaining relationships
with the people we want to communicate with is paramount. It is
hard to connect with anyone you don’t have a relationship with. It
is even harder when you do have a relationship, but the
relationship is strained. According to John Maxwell (2010),
“leaders touch a heart before they ask for a hand.” As a leader who
wants to communicate effectively, it is imperative to build and
maintain a relationship with your audience. For example, if every
time you communicate with a subordinate it is only transactional
or work related, a barrier between you and that subordinate can
build up over time and may block off communication or build up
resistance when you communicate with them on non-transactional
matters. Some suggestions to help build relationships include
remembering people’s names, focusing on their interests, talking
about things outside of work, and participating together in non-
work-related activities.
2. Build trust – Trust is a major component in effective
communication. In a study conducted by Interaction Associates,
(Interactionassociates.com, 2017) 82% of respondents affirmed
that trust in both their bosses and direct reports is essential to be
effective in their work. A lack of trust affects communication in
both directions. When a leader cannot be trusted, his or her word
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fall on deaf ears. In addition, people will not be inclined to share
ideas, information, and opinions with a leader they don’t trust.
Trust is a by-product of integrity and competence. As a leader who
wants to communicate effectively, maintaining good character and
demonstrating results is required. For example, if you have not
kept promises in the past, if you don’t model what you are asking
others to do, or if you lack competence, it will be hard to establish
trust (Covey & Merrill, 2006). In a high trust relationship, you can
say the wrong thing and people will assume the best.
3. Make it about the audience – Are you communicating a new
initiative? Are you sharing a new idea with your boss or your team?
What is in it for them? What is the purpose behind what you are
saying? When we communicate with others, it is often to inspire
action. Even if what you are communicating may have no direct
impact on the listener, establishing what their perspective is will
make your communication more effective. When you hear your
name in a conversation, your ears perk up. You tell yourself, “this is
about me.” How can you make your communication about your
audience? How can you instil a sense of purpose in what you are
asking for?
If you are implementing a new procedure and you are
communicating it to your team you could share first why the new
procedure is needed and how it affects or benefits everyone
involved. If you are asking for information from a subordinate or
supplier or if you are asking for information, prefacing your
request with “why” will make your communication clear and more
effective. Incidentally, if you are introducing a new objective that
will actually not benefit your audience, do not try to convince them
it will benefit them. This will erode trust.
4. Find common ground – Establishing common ground is a way we
build relationships with others. It helps to break down any
resistance, build rapport, and makes you and your audience more
comfortable with each other. Furthermore, when you think of
building common ground as a prerequisite for communication, it
will help you become more effective. In fact, the word
communication comes from Latin word communis meaning
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common. Before we can communicate we must establish
commonality. Madeline Albright portrays this concept well: “No
matter what message you are about to deliver somewhere, whether it
is holding out a hand of friendship, or making clear that you
disapprove of something, is the fact that the person sitting across the
table is a human being, so the goal is to always establish common
ground,” (Huffingtonpost.com, 2010).
Before you communicate ask yourself what is the common goal or
problem? Are you trying to talk with a difficult employee? Have you
established common ground? For example, you could find
something you have in common with that employee and build a
relationship based on that. Then in terms of what you’re trying to
communicate with the employee, what is the common goal or
problem? Can you identify a past experience common to both of
you that you could lead with in your conversation? For example:
“Bob, you know last time we were audited, there were so many
findings and we had to work extra hours for many weeks to keep
our certification. I remember how this affected things at home for
you. Don’t forget to use the procedure next time you perform that
test.” From this example, you can see that connecting with others
takes time and a lot of energy, and is something that should be
done an on-going basis to make sure that our communication with
others continues to be effective.
5. Go to where they are – This is meant literally and figuratively.
Proximity affects communication in a positive way. Engaging in
acts such as not showing up, having a closed-door policy, or not
facing your audience when you communicate create barriers over
time that affect the way people respond to you. The thirty minutes
you spend on the floor connecting with subordinates will pay more
dividends than the thirty minutes you spend in your office. As a
leader, to communicate effectively, you have to consider the other
person’s perspective. How do they think? How are they likely to
react? What is their background? What are they going through, and
what do they know that you don’t know? This requires you to care
about your audience, understand them, ask questions and have a
good listening ear, always.
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6. Prepare for communication - The physical set up is important. If
you want to give instructions to a subordinate, sitting behind a
desk facing your subordinate who is seated in a modest chair will
work. If you want to converse with a colleague, sitting in equal
chairs with no desk is appropriate. If you sit at the head of a
meeting table, that puts you symbolically in charge of the meeting.
You should always think about what is being communicated by
your physical set up. If you want to be king, obtain a throne and
place it on a raised platform. Other hints for preparation include
prevent or minimize interference or distractions. Move to a private
area, close the door, put down anything that is being held, and
silence phones and pagers. Face the person you wish to
communicate with. Engage; look the person in the eyes. Pay
attention; lean slightly forward to show attentiveness; let the
person know you are hearing her by providing frequent feedback,
but do not interrupt. Ask questions only after she has stopped
speaking.
Some insights about constructing your message
Yale psychologist Carl Hovland, inspired by Aristotle’s principles, studied
persuasion. The work of his group for the War Department in World War II,
led to a book, Experiments on Mass Communication (Hovland, Lumsdaine,
and Sheffield, 1949) which is still important nearly 70 years since it was
written. One of the issues they faced was, that after the defeat of Germany,
there was general belief that the war was pretty much over. In fact the
military leadership, unaware of the nuclear bomb, believed that it would be
a long and difficult fight to subdue Japan. The leadership had to decide the
best way to persuade the troops that the war would be long. They modelled
two arguments: 1) a one-sided presentation offering only the arguments for
a long war or 2) a two-sided presentation offering both the arguments for a
short war and the arguments for a long war with the message that the
arguments for a long war should prevail.
The results were surprising. For the less educated troops the one-sided
argument was most effective in changing opinions. For the troops with
more education the two-sided argument was most effective.
For an effective two-sided message, the main opposing arguments should
be mentioned at the very outset. An attempt to disprove opposing
arguments should be made only when a clear, compelling, and strictly
factual contradiction is available. The opposing argument should be
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followed by an uncontroversial positive argument. Furthermore, “the
timing in presenting counter arguments should be: positive argument,
counter argument, and then refutation of the counter argument,” (Hovland,
et al., 1949).
A possible explanation of this comes from Carder (Asqhdandl.org, 2017)
who says in his article, Effective Persuasion, One Side vs Two Sides:
I know that whenever I hear an aggressive, one-sided argument, I
rehearse counterarguments vigorously and I know that I am more
likely to change my opinion when confronted with a more balanced
two-sided presentation. When I am in a dialogue with someone who
refuses to acknowledge counterarguments, I am very resistant to
change.
Following Hovland's death, his attitude change program was characterised
as “the largest single contribution [to the field of social communication] any
man has made,” (Schramm, 1963). Furthermore, Carder (Asqhdandl.org,
2017) commented that it is amazing that this research is still influential
nealy 70 years later.
Professional communication on Social Media
In the past ten years, Social Media has gained a lot of ground and is the
platform through which a large portion of the world population interacts
with one another.
A number of social media platforms, e.g., Twitter, Facebook, intranets,
LinkedIn, etc. are now used professionally. Most businesses, individuals and
organizations use social media as a way to connect with customers and
communicate with employees. Professional associations like ASQ use social
media for marketing and education.
For the quality leader, social media can be used as a means to connect with
other professionals, share valuable information, or search for a job.
Publishing an article on LinkedIn, for instance, is a way for professionals to
be seen as experts. This affords you the opportunity to show your value,
which may in turn create opportunities to communicate to a diverse
audience.
Principles of communication described above generally apply to
communication with social media, although sometimes in different ways.
Pathos is very important in making a message stand out. Ethos, or
credibility cannot be gained through the recipient’s personal knowledge of
11
the communicator. To establish your credibility requires frequent credible
communications. Logos is important of course. The logic of your posts will
be tested by many possible respondents.
While character is important in communication, the lack of personal contact
in social media means that character will be deduced from the content of
one’s posts. When making a post it is important to think about what this
post says about you. Are you generous or selfish? Are you empathetic? Are
you idealistic or cynical? These are just some of the dimensions of your
communication that need to be considered.
Communicating with emotional intelligence is a way to demonstrate
character.
Many of the ways that leaders connect with their audience are unavailable
on social media. The key here is to understand your audience and gear your
communication accordingly.
Two problems with social media you should be aware of are Noise and
Inappropriate communication.
Noise
Studies reveal that there are millions of users on social media today.
According to (Smart Insights, 2017), there are over 1,870 million active
users on Facebook, 1,000 million on What’s App, and 106 million users on
Linked In, plus millions on countless other platforms. Thus social media,
though potentially very useful, has become saturated. It takes implementing
the effective communication methods mentioned prior to stand out and
make your message heard.
Inappropriate communication
Social media with its short posts and quick responses are ideal platforms
for impulsive behaviour, which is associated with System 1. Furthermore,
Goleman and other psychologists (2007) talk about flaming (the online
disinhibition effect) which applies to the many ways people behave without
restraint online. Because personal contact is not necessary and social clues
are absent (e.g. no facial expressions, change in voice from you or person
that you are communicating with), social media has become a place where
misunderstanding and lack of empathy can easily propagate. More serious
is that inappropriate communication on social media can damage your
reputation as a leader. People have lost jobs, trust has been betrayed and
12
influence has been lost because of an inappropriate tweet or post. The same
rules that apply to communicating face to face should be followed.
On any social media platform, in order to stand out and get your message
heard, you need to use more than ever your System 2 where emotional
intelligence lies. Follow the communication principles we have discussed
earlier in this primer and use common sense to explain and persuade. You
must connect with your audience so that you can catch their attention.
Authenticity remains key. Since there’s no face-to-face interaction there is a
temptation to portray yourself as someone you are not. Those who tell their
true story are the ones who will stand out. If you publish an article on
LinkedIn, sharing a related personal story allows your audience to identify
with you.
Consistency still matters. In order to be effective you must use the platform
systematically and consistently. Because there are millions of posts each
day on the various platforms, the effective life span of any post is very short.
Depending on the kind of response you get in terms of likes, shares and
comments by your audience, the maximum effectiveness of a post can range
from a only few minutes on Twitter to a couple of hours on Facebook
(Mtomconsulting.com, 2016). This means your post will only be seen by a
small fraction of followers.
To maximize your impact on social media try interacting with your
audience. The simplest forms of interaction are liking, sharing, and
commenting on other people’s posts, and of course, acknowledging those
who do the same for you. Forming that connection and being consistent,
along with providing interesting and useful content are keys to standing out
and rising above the inappropriate communication and noise of social
media.
Conclusion
We hope that this primer will assist you in learning to be a better
communicator. Whether you are an experienced professional or just
starting on your journey, when you lead others, you must be mindful,
confident, and you must be clear. Thus, you can manage expectations of
others around you. As you improve your leadership communication and
continue to seek challenges, be aware that difficult situations may find you.
If you don’t maintain your leadership communication continuously through
study and practice, your abilities may deteriorate. Make a commitment to
improve and believe that you can be successful in that commitment.
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1. Get honest feedback on your efforts to communicate.
2. Find a coach who is an excellent communicator.
3. Relate the principles in this primer to your successes and failures
as a communicator. This should help you target the areas where
you need the most improvement.
4. Practice. Seek out opportunities to communicate rather than trying
to avoid them.
5. Celebrate your successes and view your failures as learning
opportunities.
There is no limit to your success if you continue to engage in your
improvement efforts.
References
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Retrieved 5 September, 2017, from http://asqhdandl.org/blog/effective-
persuasion-one-side-vs-two-sides-by-brooks-carder-phd
Aristotle (2012) The Art of Rhetoric London: Harper Press
Danielgolemaninfo. (2007). Daniel Goleman. Retrieved 20 September, 2017,
from http://www.danielgoleman.info/flame-first-think-later-new-clues-to-
e-mail-misbehavior/
Businessinsidercom. (2013). Abercrombie & Fitch Refuses To Make Clothes
For Large Women. Retrieved 5 September, 2017, from
http://www.businessinsider.com/abercrombie-wants-thin-customers-
2013-5
Covey, S. M. R., & Merrill, R. R. (2006). The speed of trust: The one thing that
changes everything. New York NY: Free Press
Hbrorg. (2013). Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 5 September, 2017,
from https://hbr.org/2013/01/three-elements-of-great-communication-
according
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Retrieved 5 September, 2017, from http://www.free-management-
ebooks.com/dldebk-pdf/fme-understanding-emotional-intelligence.pdf
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Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ.
New York: Bantam Books.
Hbrorg. (2013). Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 5 September, 2017,
from https://hbr.org/2013/05/can-you-really-improve-your-em
Hovland, C. I., Lumsdaine A. A., Sheffield, F. D. (1949). Experiments on Mass
Communication. London: Princeton University Press
Huffingtonpostcom. (2010). HuffPost. Retrieved 5 September, 2017, from
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/marianne-schnall/madeleine-albright-an-
exc_b_604418.html
Huffingtonpostcom. (2013a). Abercrombie & Fitch Refuses To Make Clothes
For Large Women. Retrieved 5 September, 2017, from
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controversy_n_3286502.html
Huffingtonpostcom. (2013b). Abercrombie And Fitch’s Semi-Apology Didn’t
Go Over Too Well (PHOTOS). Retrieved 5 September, 2017, from
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/16/abercrombie-fitch-ceo-
controversy_n_3286502.html
Interactionassociates.com. (2017). Interaction Associates. Retrieved 5
September, 2017, from
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trust-201415
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and
Giroux.
Maxwell, J. C. (2010) Everyone Communicates Few Connect: What the Most
Effective People Do Differently. Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
Mtomconsultingcom. (2016). MtoM Consulting. Retrieved 3 October, 2017,
from http://mtomconsulting.com/lifespan-social-media-post/
Salovey, P & Mayer, A. .J. (1989). Emotional intelligence. Imagination,
Cognition, and Personality, 9(3), 185-211.
Schramm, W. (1963) Communication research in the United States. In The
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Smartinsightscom. (2017, 27 April 2017). Global Social Media Statistics
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http://www.smartinsights.com/social-media-marketing/social-media-
strategy/new-global-social-media-research/
Wikipediaorg. (2017). Wikipediaorg. Retrieved 5 September, 2017, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Airlines_Flight_2
Acknowledgments The team would like to thank Dr. Brooks Carder for his help in creation of this primer.
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About the Authors
Diane Kulisek is quality assurance professional who has
enabled measurable improvement &for start-ups,
turnarounds, small, medium, large and huge
organizations, across multiple industries, markets and
technologies. Diane has a collaborative leadership style;
cross-functional team approach and emphasizes long-
term strategic vision with near term focus upon tangible
deliverables. She holds a BA in Biology and MS in Engineering from
California State University-Northridge. Diane is a certified Quality Engineer,
Manager of Quality and Organizational Excellence and is a senior member
of American Society for Quality.
Lukas Cap has a BA (honours) in Psychology from Dublin
Business School. He is a certified six-sigma green belt and
a member leader of the American Society for Quality
(Human Development and Leadership Division). Lukas
has worked in the telecommunications and information
industry for over a decade and is passionate about
communication and process improvement. He particularly
values the application of the principles of psychology and
communication to the technology and services industry. He maintains a
fervent interest in the benefits of continuous improvement, leadership and
human development.
Kemi Sorinmade is a certified leadership trainer,
speaker, and coach currently serving organizations and
individuals in the area of performance improvement and
leadership development. She brings over twenty years of
combined engineering, project and quality management
experience successfully leading projects, running
business operations, managing quality systems, and
championing new initiatives. Kemi has conducted and facilitated a number
of her signature leadership talks and training programs at various ASQ
sections and conferences. She is the CEO and founder of The Growth Studio,
a leadership development firm that equips science, technology, quality and
engineering organizations with the strategies to improve team performance
and retain happy and engaged employees. She holds a Bachelor’s degree in
Chemical Engineering and a Master’s degree in Engineering Management
from Northeastern University, Boston.
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ABOUT THE PRIMER
This primer is brought to you by ASQ's Human
Development & Leadership Division. Our mission
is ‘To enrich the personal and professional lives of
our membership, and the global community, to
triumph over current and future challenges. ‘
We serve the community by providing
publications like this, education, webinars,
conferences and other resources for personal and
professional growth and for leadership skills development.
To learn more about us, and to see our entire library of primers and
webinars you can visit us at http://asqhdandl.org/
Wanda Sturm, Chair, HD&L Division, ASQ
ASQ Human Development and Leadership Division www.ASQHDANDL.ORG