Communications 3rd Class

PPO (SCC) J G CopelandCommunications Instructor (G)

Introduction

Instructor:

PPO (SCC) James Copeland

Ground Rules

Speaking, Writing, Notes, Handouts

Course Outline

Job 1: Basic Admin Voice ProceduresJob 2: Introduction to Data CommunicationsJob 3: Introduction to Tactical CommunicationsJob 4: Phonetic AlphabetJob 5: Speaking & WritingJob 6: Use of a telephoneJob 7: Messenger Duties Job 8: Communications HistoryJob 9: Basic SafetyJob 10: Unit Communications Equipment

References

SCC Communications Training Manual

Available online from www.sccheadquarters.com

Take notes as you feel you need to, handouts

will be given out for certain subjects.

Job 1: Basic Admin

Voice Procedure

Job 1: Basic Admin VoiceBasic Terminology

Call Sign Transmitter Radio Net

Receiver Radio Net Operator

Call Ending Sign Radio Station

Call signA unique ‘name’ for a person/station on a radio net.

TransmitterA device that is capable of transmitting an electromagnetic signal but cannot receive them.

Closing DownEnding a transmission.

Operator A ‘name’ for a person

using a radio set to

transmit/receive messages.Call

A Message sent between operators can be initial or general.

Ending SignFinish transmitting messages, using the words over OR out.

Receiver A device able to receive electromagnetic signals

but unable to broadcast.Radio Check

Test strength/readability of your signal.

Radio Station A place capable of

transmitting/receiving or varying size.

Basic ProWords

Admin Voice Procedure: Standard language on Radios

Roger Say Again Over

Out

RogerAcknowledgement and total understanding of last message received.

Say AgainAsk to repeat message because it was not heard or misunderstood.

OverAcknowledgement of

receipt of last message.

OutAcknowledgement of receipt of last message sent no reply expected.

Calling another Station

When calling another station you make an initial call, this is to confirm they can hear you.

MF99 this is MJ99 over

this is MF99 over

Types of Net

Directed: A net where permission is required to transmit, think of it as a controlled airway.

Free: An airway where no control is exercised, hence ‘free’

Engineering: Discuss equipment and set ups.

Sending them a Message...

MF99 this is MJ99, We will be commencing Pulling training at 1200 Zulu, over

What ProWord would you acknowledge it with if:

i)You heard it clearly?ii)You didn’t quite make it out?

Now for something practical…

Radio Check:

Check quality and loudness of transmission

1: GF99 this is GG99, radio check, over

2: this is GF99 ______________ over

2: this is GG99, ____________ out

Radio Check Quality & Loudness

Loudness: Quality:

Loud Say as Roger ClearGood ReadableWeak DistortedVery Weak With interference

Fading Intermittent

Grab a partner and have a go at experimenting!

Closing down

When finished transmitting, you MUST close down!

You must ask permission first, you can specify a time period.

Then.... GF99 this is GG99, closing down at 1100 ZULU, OUT

Date/Time Groups

Format: DDHHMMSS(A/Z) Mon YYYYi.e 251606Z May 2010

Set by NATOTime zones, different letters in different countries

DTG’s (2)

28 1545 Z SEP10

Day Time Time Zone Month Year

Precedence's

Z = FLASH NOT TO USED BY SCC

O = IMMEDIATEP = PRIORITYR = ROUTINE

How ‘urgent’ the message is, kind of like a 2nd or 1st class stamp

Protective Markings

Top Secret = TSECSecret = SECConfidential = CONF Restricted = RESTUnclassified = UNCLAS

Any Questions?

Job 2: Introduction to Data

Communications

What is Data Communications?

Data Communications is where the communications goes through a digital source. Some examples: Internet, fax machine, text message.

• Less susceptible to interference • Error Detection• Clarity • Multiplexing

Data Communications block diagram

PC TNCVHF TX/RX

AERIAL

PC – Human InterfaceTNC – Digital to analogue signal and reverse Tx/Rx – Converts to electromagnetic signal (Radio Wave)

Any Questions?

Job 3: Introduction to

Tactical Communications

Flags & Masts…

Union FlagMade up of what flags?

Union Flag...

England

Scotland

Northern Ireland

Which Patron Saint belongs to which flag

ENGLAND SCOTLANDNORTHERN IRELAND

ST PATRICK ST GEORGEST ANDREW

What about Wales?!WALES IS A PRINCIPALITY AND IT HAS NEVER BEEN REPRESENTED

IN THE UNION FLAG BY THE FLAG OF ST.DAVID

THE WELSH DRAGON

FLAG OF ST.DAVID

Common Sea Cadet Flags...

SEA CADETENSIGNPREPARATIVE CHURCH PENNANT

What two countries flags make up the church Pennant ?

ENGLAND NETHERLANDS

Parts of a flag...

Tac

Head

Cantons of a Flag

Upper

Lower

Hoist Fly

RedRedThe Senior Ensign.May be worn by all British-Registered Vessels which are not entitled to wear a White or Blue Ensign.

BlueBlueWorn by vessels of other Government Departments, e.g. Royal Fleet Auxiliary, HM Customs etc., Police Launches, Royal Mail Ships and Sea Cadet Units, Ships and Boats.

WhiteWhiteWorn by HM Ships, HM Ships’ boats, RN & RMshore establishments, Trinity House Vessels (whenaccompanying HM Ships which are dressed overall),and vessels of the Royal Yacht Squadron.

The Sea Cadet Ensign

Blue Ensign defaced with the Sea Cadet Badge

Commissioning Pennants

Royal Navy

Sea Cadets

Preparative Pennant

• Given as the executive command before a manoeuvre• Used in the Sea Cadet Colours/Evening Colours Ceremony

Commodore Vice Admiral

Rear Admiral Admiral

Admiral of the Fleet

Flag Officers’ Flags

Signalling Mast

1. Masthead 2. Tabernacle2. Tabernacle 3. Yard (Two Yardarms)

4. Gaff4. Gaff 5. Blocks 6. Pinrail 7. Belaying Pins or Cleats 8. Halyards 9. Button 10. Peak 11. Truck

1011

(Key - Follow the Colour-Coding)

And now for something Practical!

• Carry out Signalman duties at Colours/Evening Colours• Half Mast for both routines

Any Questions?

Job 4: The Phonetic Alphabet

The Phonetic Alphabet

What is it? The Phonetic Alphabet is the alphabet, butinstead of using single letters like A, B, C,we use words which begin with the letter, i.e.A = Alpha. When speaking on a radio or

telephone, it stops any ambiguity.

AA

ALPHAALPHA

Letter in Morse Code

Letter

Phonetic

Flag A

Letter in semaphore

Key to Slides

AA

ALPHAALPHA

BB

BRAVOBRAVO

CC

CHARLIECHARLIE

D

DELTADELTA

Spy Test

• You have ONE minute to remember the four letters that you have just learnt

A =

B =

C =

D =

E

ECHOECHO

F

FOXTROTFOXTROT

G

GOLFGOLF

H

HOTELHOTEL

Spy TestYou have just spotted a stolen car and you need to report it but your partner on the other end of the radio can’t hear you properly. Work out the phonetic equivalent for the letters on the number plate

FGA EHD

I

INDIAINDIA

J

JULIEJULIETT

K

KILOKILO

L

LIMALIMA

Spy TestUnscramble the following words to reveal their phonetic terms:

1. Dinai

2. Lijuet

3. Loik

4. mial

M

MIKEMIKE

NNOVEMBENOVEMBERR

O

OSCAROSCAR

P

PAPPAPAA

Spy TestMatch the flags to the letters and work out the phonetic term for each flag:

M

N

O

P

Q

QUEBEQUEBECC

R

ROMEROMEOO

S

SIERRSIERRAA

TTANGOTANGO

Spy TestYou have TWO minutes to write down as many of the phonetic words you have learnt today.

Share them with your partner – what did you forget?

U

UNIFORMUNIFORM

V

VICTORVICTOR

W

WHISKWHISKYY

X

X-RAYX-RAY

Y

YANKEYANKEEE

Z

ZULUZULU

Spy TasksSpell out the following words in phonetics

BOOTS,

ORLOP,

BROWN,

PORT

STARBOARD

SEA CADETS

HASTINGS

CHARACTER MORSE CODE TELEPHONY PHONIC (PRONOUNCIATION)

A • − Alfa AL-FAH

B − • • • Bravo BRAH-VOH

C − • − • Charlie CHAR-LEE

D − • • Delta DELL-TAH

E • Echo ECK-OH

F • • − • Foxtrot FOKS-TROT

G − − • Golf GOLF

H • • • • Hotel HOH-TEL

I • • India IN-DEE-AH

J • − − − Juliet JEW-LEE-ETT

K − • − Kilo KEE-LOH

L • − • • Lima LEE-MAH

M − − Mike MIKE

N − • November NO-VEM-BER

O − − − Oscar OSS-CAH

P • − − • Papa PAH-PAH

Q − − • − Quebec KEH-BECK

R • − • Romeo ROE-ME-OH

S • • • Sierra SEE-AIR-RAH

T − Tango TANG-GO

U • • − Uniform YOU-NEE-FORM

V • • • − Victor VIK-TAH

W • − − Whiskey WISS-KEY

X − • • − Xray ECKS-RAY

Y − • − − Yankee YANG-KEY

Z − − • • Zulu ZOO-LOO

1 • − − − − One WUN

2 • • − − − Two TOO

3 • • • − − Three TREE

4 • • • • − Four FOW-ER

5 • • • • • Five FIFE

6 − • • • • Six SIX

7 − − • • • Seven SEVEN

8 − − − • • Eight AIT

9 − − − − • Nine NIN-ER

0 − − − − − Zero ZEE-RO

Spy Tasks

Solve the following clues and spell out the word phonetically

ANY QUESTIONS ?

Job 5: Speaking & Writing

Speaking

When speaking on the circuit there are some things that need to be considered:

•Do not shout down the microphone because this will over modulate the signal and make it unreadable.

• Speak with a slightly higher tone.

• Speak as slowly as the slowest operator on the net.

Writing

Being on the net requires a lot of writing down, such as logging activities and signals.

WRITE IN BLOCK CAPITALS

WRITE IN BLACK INK

WRITE DOWN EXACTLY AS HEARD, NO PARAPHRASING MESSAGES

Listen to the short piece and write it in the style above!

Any Questions?

Job 6: Using the Telephone

Calling the Emergency Services

6 step Protocol....

1.Stay Calm

2.Pick up the phone and dial 999 or 112

3.Listen carefully for the service, whom you require help from

Calling the Emergency Services

4. The operator will ask you where you are calling from, carefully an correctly give your number & location.

5. You will then speak to the service in question, listen carefully and give the nature of the problem.

6. When you have finished HANG UP, you may stop someone else getting through!

Now for something practical!

Run through the Emergency Phone call procedure with your partner.

Answering a unit telephoneWhy answer in a clear and smart manner?

• Send out right impression

• Messages can be passed correctly and clearly

• Good Etiquette

•Any more you can think of?

Answering a unit telephone

1. Have a pen and paper ready to take any message.

2. Pick up the phone speak slowly and clearly ‘Good Evening, TS Hastings Sea Cadets, Able Cadet Bloggs Speaking. How can I help you?’

Answering a unit telephone3. If they are looking for somebody, say ‘Thank

you, could you hold the line please’ and then lay down pipe/find them.

4. If not available, say ‘I am sorry, xxx is not available, may I take a message?’

5. If the caller leaves a message, write it down and read it back to them. Add time and date

message taken!

Answering a unit telephone

6. If the caller has finished, say ‘Thank you for calling, goodbye’ and hang up.

7. Ensure the message is delivered to the person concerned.

You guessed it!

Practice with your partner calling the unit and taking messages... Use caller message paper.

Any Questions?

Job 7: Messenger Duties

Messenger Duties

BE SMART AND ENSURE YOUR UNIFORM IS PRESSED/CLEANED CORRECTLY

1. Approach the person whom you are taking the message from and give correct marks of respect.

2. Stand to attention whilst you are being instructed of the message. If the message is verbal repeat it back to ensure it was heard correctly. Speak slowly and carefully and EXACTLY AS YOU WERE TOLD IT do not paraphrase.

Messenger Duties

3. Know who the addressee is...

4. Approach the addressee, give appropriate marks of respect and say ‘Message for you Sir/Ma’am/Chief/PO’. If verbal say ‘PO Bloggins respects, ... Message’ Compliments up and sideways and respects go upwards.

5. Say the message slowly, carefully and EXACTLY as you were told it, no paraphrasing.

6. Wait for a reply and return it to originator.

Messenger Duties

7. Even if there is no reply you must return to the originator and say ‘No reply Sir/Ma’am, Chief/PO’.

SIMPLE EFFICIANT and remember to speak CLEARLY and EXACTLY AS YOU WERE TOLD IT!

Practical Task

Send a Message from one person to another in the correct format!

Remember the key points!

Any Questions?

Job 8: Communications

History

Early forms of Naval Signalling

The First RecordedNaval Signal

480 B.C.480 B.C.Battle of SalamisBattle of Salamis

The First Recorded use of a Lamp for Signalling at Sea

28 September

1066

Y e

B

l a k k e

o k eB

o

1338 Publication of the First Written Authority on

Signalling in the Royal Navy

1530 Use of Gunfire ordered to signal the weighing or letting go of anchors and to warn of a shipwhich had “in the night fallen in leake or breaken his maste.”

1714

Mr. GreenwoodMr. GreenwoodEdits and Edits and Publishes hisPublishes his““Half-Minute”Half-Minute”Signal BookSignal Book

Pocket

Signal

Book

21 Flags are 21 Flags are

all you needall you need

byby

Lord HoweLord Howe

AdmiralAdmiral

1776AdmiralLord HoweRevolutionisesNavalSignalling

(Even Nelsonwas impressed!)

1795 The Rev. Lord George Murray invents The Rev. Lord George Murray invents SemaphoreSemaphore

Admiralty Edict Number 9,128,765

Stop making upyour own signalcodes. Use ours.By order.

1799

The AdmiraltyBoardstandardisesNaval Signallingin one printed book

From 1799 Admiral Sir Home Popham refines the Admiralty’s Signal Code using numbers in 3- or 4- Flag hoists so that Admirals at Sea can say almost anything by Flag.

In 1805 Popham’s Code was used to send . . .

The World’s “Most Famous” Naval SignalThe World’s “Most Famous” Naval Signal

BLUNT END SHARP END

STARBOARD

STARBOARD

STARBOARD

PORT

PORTPEAK(gaff)

FOREMAST

MAIN MAST

MIZZEN MAST

EXPECTSEXPECTS

ENGLANDENGLANDTHATTHAT

EVERYEVERY

MANMAN

WILLWILL

DODO

HISHIS

DD

UU

TT

YY

PORT

1816

Admiral Pophamintroduces hisrevisedSemaphoreApparatus

JanuaryJanuary

6618381838

SamuelMorseIntroducesHis NewTelegraph

Notes for January

New telegraph system Monday.

DON’T FO

RGET!

=

18451845

Morse’s new Code begins to be adopted by the

emerging U.S. railroad companies, after he proves its ability to pass

messages instantly

Captain Columb introducesCaptain Columb introducesFlashing Light SignallingFlashing Light Signallinginto the Royal Navy usinginto the Royal Navy using

Morse’s new codeMorse’s new code

1818 6767

7 May 1896 Guglielmo Marconi impresses Guglielmo Marconi impresses Admiral Admiral

Jackson by sending and receiving Jackson by sending and receiving Morse over Morse over 14 miles between 14 miles between Bournemouth andBournemouth and

the Isle of Wightthe Isle of Wight

Marconi makes the first Trans-AtlanticMarconi makes the first Trans-AtlanticRadio Transmission using the Morse CodeRadio Transmission using the Morse Code

12 12 DecemberDecember

19011901

1905. The Royal Navy finally adopts1905. The Royal Navy finally adoptsWireless Telegraphy in order to Wireless Telegraphy in order to

prevent theprevent thefleet falling behind those of Britain’sfleet falling behind those of Britain’s

potential enemies.potential enemies.

1908. The Marconi Company 1908. The Marconi Company replacesreplaces CQD

with the new, easy-to-rememberwith the new, easy-to-remember SOS

as itsas itsInternational Maritime International Maritime

Distress CallDistress Call

SinceSince1905 . . .1905 . . .

Any Questions?

Job 9: Basic Communications

Safety

is the responsibility of

EVERYONEEVERYONE

involved in Communications

Ensuring that everyone is aware oftheir responsibilities is the duty of

THE COMMUNICATIONS THE COMMUNICATIONS INSTRUCTORINSTRUCTOR

Communications Safety

CO

2

Fire Precautionsand Extinguishers

Electric ShockHazards

Radiation Hazardsand Burns

BasicFirst Aid

Food and Drink

Communications Safety

1. NEVER work inside live equipment

3. NEVER touch an aerial unless it has been disconnected

4. NEVER eat or drink near communications equipment or operate equipment with wet hands

5. ALWAYS ensure that there is a CO2 extinguisher at the entrance to the Radio Room

6. ALWAYS ensure that there is a mains cut-off switch at the entrance to the Radio Room

2. NEVER bypass fuses

7. ALWAYS ensure that there are no wires or cables trailing where someone might trip over them

8. ALWAYS ensure that aerials are connected before switching a radio on

Communications Safety Rules

IInstructnstruct

RRepeatepeat

EExaminexamineRight from the very outsetRight from the very outset

II RR EESafety Training Protocol

DANGER OF DEATH

Do Not Rig AerialsDo Not Rig AerialsNear Overhead Power LinesNear Overhead Power Lines

CAUTIONCAUTION

Non-Ionising RadiationNon-Ionising Radiation

NoSmoking

NoFood or Drinkin this room

CAUTIONCAUTIONELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INSIDEELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INSIDE

NO UNAUTHORISED ENTRYNO UNAUTHORISED ENTRY

QUIETQUIETPLEASE!!PLEASE!!

Communications Communications TestTest

in Progressin Progress

QUIETQUIETPLEASE!!PLEASE!!

Meeting in Meeting in ProgressProgress

Any Questions?

Job 10: Unit Communications

Equipment

Any Questions?