Communists Triumph in Communists Triumph in ChinaChina

Chapter 17 / Section 2Chapter 17 / Section 2

Civil War in ChinaCivil War in China

When Japan invaded China in 1937 When Japan invaded China in 1937 they were in the middle of a bitter they were in the middle of a bitter Civil War. TWO GROUPS?Civil War. TWO GROUPS?

Mao ZedongMao Zedong, leader of the , leader of the Communists had a stronghold in Communists had a stronghold in Northwest China, fought with Northwest China, fought with peasants.peasants.

Civil War in ChinaCivil War in China

Civil War in China (cont’d)Civil War in China (cont’d)

Jiang JieshiJiang Jieshi, formerly known as , formerly known as Chiang Kai-shek, led the Nationalists. Chiang Kai-shek, led the Nationalists. Dominated Southwest.Dominated Southwest.

Aided by the United States; the Aided by the United States; the Nationalists received $1.5 billion in aid Nationalists received $1.5 billion in aid to fight the Japanese (1942-45).to fight the Japanese (1942-45).

But not much went to troops; went to But not much went to troops; went to corrupt leaders and fight with corrupt leaders and fight with Communists.Communists.

Chinese Civil War 1946-1950

Civil War in China (cont’d)Civil War in China (cont’d)Once Japan surrendered the civil war Once Japan surrendered the civil war

renewed. renewed. Nationalists outnumbered the Nationalists outnumbered the

Communists 3:1; also received more Communists 3:1; also received more aid from the United States.aid from the United States.

However, by October, 1949 Mao and However, by October, 1949 Mao and the Communists controlled the country. the Communists controlled the country. Nationalists retreat to Taiwan. Nationalists retreat to Taiwan.

Now known as People’s Republic of Now known as People’s Republic of China. TWO NATIONS?China. TWO NATIONS?

Two Chinas and the Cold WarTwo Chinas and the Cold WarWith the United States aiding the With the United States aiding the

Nationalists; the Soviets started to aid Nationalists; the Soviets started to aid the Communist.the Communist.

Superpowers Collide over Japan and Superpowers Collide over Japan and Korea.Korea.

In 1950-51 China took control of Tibet, In 1950-51 China took control of Tibet, breaking a so-called autonomous breaking a so-called autonomous area. The Dalai Lama fled to India.area. The Dalai Lama fled to India.

Transformation and RevolutionTransformation and Revolution

Once the Chinese Communist took Once the Chinese Communist took control, tightened control of country.control, tightened control of country.

However, Communists only made However, Communists only made up 1% of the country.up 1% of the country.

Set up government like Soviets, Set up government like Soviets, Communist Party and National Communist Party and National government.government.

Transformation and Revolution Transformation and Revolution (cont’d)(cont’d)

Mao’s Socialism:Mao’s Socialism:1) Mao forced peasants to join 1) Mao forced peasants to join

collective farms.collective farms.2) Women became equal at home 2) Women became equal at home

and work place.and work place.3) Mao installs Five-Year Plan in 3) Mao installs Five-Year Plan in

1953. SUCCESFUL?1953. SUCCESFUL?

Transformation and Revolution Transformation and Revolution (cont’d)(cont’d)

Five-Year Plan was so successful, Five-Year Plan was so successful, led to led to communescommunes, large collective , large collective farms. Planned poor, not liked. farms. Planned poor, not liked.

Program dies in 1961, no success.Program dies in 1961, no success.In 1966, Mao starts the In 1966, Mao starts the Red Red

GuardsGuards, militia units that “learn , militia units that “learn revolution by making revolution.”revolution by making revolution.”

Red GuardRed Guard

Transformation and Revolution Transformation and Revolution (cont’d)(cont’d)

Rise of the Red Rise of the Red Guard became Guard became known as the known as the Cultural Cultural RevolutionRevolution..

Goal: establish Goal: establish society of society of peasants and peasants and workers who are workers who are equal.equal.