communities and ecosystems 5.1

8/8/2019 Communities and Ecosystems 5.1

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Communities and Ecosystems

(5.1)

Ebony Goodridge


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5.1.1 Define species, habitat, population, community, ecosystem,

and ecology

Species- a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertileorganism.

Habitat- the environment in which a species normally lives in.

Population- a group of organisms of the same species living in the samearea at the same time.

Community- a group of populations living and interacting with eachother.

Ecosystem- a community and its a biotic (non-living) environment.

Ecology- the study of relationships between living organisms and theirenvironment.


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5.1.2 Distinguish between an autotroph and heterotroph.

An autotroph is a producer and an organism that self-feeds and can

make their own food through photosynthesis.

A heterotroph is a consumer and is an organism that relies on other

organisms for food and energy.

Autotroph Heterotroph


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5.1.3 Distinguish between consumers, detritivores, and saprotrophs.

Consumer- an organism that ingests matter which is either living or

recently killed. There are two different types of consumers; primary

and secondary. Primary consumers eat producers (herbivores), while

secondary consumers eat other consumers (carnivores, omnivores.)

Detritvore an organism that ingests non-living organic matter Saprotroph- an organism that lives on non-living organic matter and

absorbs the products of digestion.

Primary Consumer

Secondary Consumer

Detritivore

Saprotroph


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5.1.4 Describe what is meant by a food chain, giving three examples. (min

of 4 organisms.)

A food chain shows the

transfer of energy from

each trophic level and is

a representation of the

predator-prey

relationships in an

ecosystem.


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5.1.5 Describe what is meant by a food web

A food web shows all ofthe feedingrelationships in ahabitat.Owl eats themouse, the mouse

eats thegrasshopper, andthe grasshoppereats the grass.


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5.1.6 Define trophic level

The trophic level of an organism tells the feeding

relationship of that organism to another

organism.

In a food web, autotrophs= producer

and heterotrophs= primary, secondary, andtertiary consumers.


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5.1.7 Deduce the trophic level of organisms in a food chain and a food web

1= producer: grass

2= primary consumer: rabbits

3= secondary consumer: badger

4=tertiary consumer: fox


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5.1.8 Construct a food web containing up to 10 organisms.

**show word

document**


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55.1.9 State that light is the initial energy source for almost all

communities.

In order for food chains and

food webs to exist, all

interactions need energy;

sun light is the main source

of energy for mostcommunities.


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5.1.10 Explain the energy flow in a food chain

Energy flows in a food chainthrough producers because theydirectly get their energy fromthe sun.

At each level of the food chain,about 90% of the energy is lostin the form of respiration orheat

As you move up the food chain,there is less energy available.


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5.1.11 State that energy transformations are never 100% efficient

The transfer of energy

from one trophic level

to the next is never

100% efficient because

there is a loss of energyat each stage, so there

will never be the same

amount of energy

compared to the

beginning.


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5.1.12 Explain reasons for the shape of pyramids of energy.

Pyramids of energy showthe transfer of energy fromone trophic level toanother.

The volume of one layer is10% of the layer below it.

As the levels go up, theamount of energytransferred drops.


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5.1.13 Explain that energy enters and leaves ecosystems, but nutrients

must be recycled.

Energy comes from the sunand passes through livingorganisms leaving as heat.

Consumers feed at differenttrophic levels, taking in

matter and use the matterfor their own growth.

The cycling of matter isnutrients being recycled.


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5.1.14 State that saprotrophic bacteria and fungi (decomposers) recycle

nutrients.

Both recycle the nutrients of

dead organisms through the

process of decomposition

which is a biological process

through which the tissues of adead organism is broken

down.

communities and ecosystems 5.1

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