Community Awareness & Community Awareness & its Involvement in its Involvement in

Disaster ManagementDisaster Management

H N Sorathia

Ex-VP ( Safety & CCR )

RIL, Baroda1

Any situation which offers a threat to safety of a person

and / or property.A SUDDEN HAPPENING WHICH

REQUIRES PROMPT ACTIONS

2

A catastrophic situation in which the day to day life suddenly gets disrupted,

people become helpless and suffer a lot for quit a long period.

A SUDDEN & MASSIVE HAPPENING WHICH REQUIRES

PROMPT & HUGE ACTIONS3

TYPES OF EMERGENCY

1. NATURAL CALAMITIES Heavy rains Floods Lightening Earth Quack Storm Hurricane / Tornado Extreme temp ( Heat Stroke / Cold Wave)

2. MAN-MADE EMERGENCY2.1 PERSONAL Related to Individual

2.2 SOCIAL Civil disturbance War / Bombing Strikes Sabotage Dam break Transportation stoppage Area fire Road accident Mob Violence

Plane crash Terrorism

4

2.3 INDUSTRIAL EMERGENCY

Toxic gas release Hydrocarbon leakages Fire /Fire with explosion Accidents in nearby

unit Off-site spills of chemicals Work accident Hazardous or Radioactive release Abrupt shut down / breakdown .

It is necessary that one should consider all foreseeable Emergencies and prepare for handling them, including management of major Disasters.

5

Emergency or Disaster management

• It is a plan that involves preparing for disaster before it strikes, our response and supporting & rebuilding the society after the disaster.

• EMP or DMP is a continuous process by which all individuals, groups & communities manage hazards as well as mishaps, if any.

• EM relies on thorough integration of EMP at all levels of governments, industrial houses, citizens, community as well as NGOs.

6

• Involvement of Community in emergency planning and response is via a structured dialogues between the hazard owners (industrialists), local support services (fire brigades & civil hospitals), government agencies (DM, PC, DISH, PESO, GPCB), community leaders & social groups (NGOs).

• The EMP which is prepared with inputs from all above, then needs its understanding by all citizens.

7

LEGAL PROVISIONSFor facing any emergency in most orderly and disciplined manner and to create a strongly operating mechanism, It is essential to derive a “On–Site Emergency Plan” and ‘Off–Site Emergency Plan” as mentioned under various statutes.

(A) Factories Act, 1948 and GFR made there under:

Under Section 41- (B) (i) and (iv), Compulsory disclosure of information by the Occupier. Under GFR-68 J (12), preparation of “On – Site Emergency Plan” by the Occupier.

Contd…8

(B) Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rule ( MSIHC ) – 1989.

Under Rule – 13 ;

Preparation of “On – Site Emergency Plan” by the occupier. Details to be furnished as per Schedule – 11.

Occupier shall ensure that a MOCK DRILL of the “On – Site Emergency Plan” is

conducted every SIX MONTHS.

Contd….

9

(C) Chemical Accidents Rule – 1996

Under Rule – 3, Constitution of Central Crisis Group to review district On–Site Emergency Plans

Under Rule – 6, Constitution of Central Crisis Group. The APEX body for the state to deal with major Chemical Accidents and provide expertise.

Under Rule – 8, Constitution of The District and Local crisis group by The State Government . The APEX body in the district to deal with major Chemical Accidents.• Reviews the “On–Site Emergency Plan"• Assist in preparation of “Off–Site Emergency Plan"• One full scale Mock Drill at a site EACH YEAR.• Educate Community & train them for mitigation. 10

ASSESMENT OF RISK AND EXISTING SYSTEM

When assessing the potential for loss and damage, account should be taken of

Population densities in the vicinity. Meteorological data on prevailing winds. Possibility of contaminating drains,

crops and natural water sources . Presence of Radioactive Sources. Possible effects of the collapse of tall

structure.

11

Objectives

1. CONTAIN the incident

2. CONTROL by mobilizing and gearing up internal and external resources.

3. SAFEGUARD lives – both at site & neighborhood

4. MINIMISE damage to property and neighboring environment.

5. RESCUE / TREATMENT of causalities.

6. WARNING / EVACUATION of persons & livestock to safe areas.

12

7. IDENTIFICATION of persons affected, notification to their relatives, extending

necessary assistance, etc.8. PROVIDING relevant information to relevant persons / agencies. i.e. police, doctors, fire

brigade, statutory agencies and news media etc.

9. WELFARE assistance to causalities.10. PRESERVATION of information, records

11. CO–ORDINATION between agencies.

13

HOW TO CREATE A STRONG OPERATING BASE

By proper planning on various aspects such as…

A. Information Plan

B. Communication plan.

C. Fire Services plan.

D. Medical Services plan.

E. Safety plan.

F. Security plan.

14

G. Evacuation & Rehabilitation plan.

H. Mutual Aid plan.

I. Awareness and Mock drill plan.

J. Documentation plan.

K. Defining key personnel and fixing responsibility / authority.

15

A. Information Plan

Disaster Control Centre shall have following information:

1. Geographical boundaries ( District / Taluka map )

2. Details of villages / towns and their population.

3. Details of industrial units.

4. Details of likely Risks Chemicals / Hazards of industrial units. Natural calamities like Floods, Cyclones etc.

5. Details of hospitals / health centres and schools.

6. Details of available resources for mitigations. Available with local / near by Fire Brigades. Spare able by participating members.

16

7. Details of natural water bodies.( rivers / talabs)

8. Details of network of HT / LT power lines and Sub-stns.

9. Details of roads and approaches.

10. Details of railways / level crossings.

11. Contact details of industrial units.

12. Contact details of mitigating agencies.

13. Contact details of Govt. bodies ( DM, Police, DISH etc. ).

14. Contact details of GEB Sub Stns.

15. Contact details of Railway / Highway / Air port authorities.

16. Contact details of Sarpanches / Talatis / NGOs

17

B. COMMUNICATION PLAN

Proper communication system needs to be established consisting of…..

1. Intercom Telephone.

2. Land Line Telephone.

3. Loudophone.

4. Mobile Phone.

5. Hot line.

6. Automatic siren system.

7. Manual Fire Alarm System

18

9. Wireless communication.10. Mass communication through siren.11. Intercom Telephone

Fire station. Medical Center. Security Control Room. Fire Water Pump House. Telephone Exchange. Operations / Central Control Room.

12. Satellite Links.13 Messengers.14. Walki Talkie Sets.15. Public address system, portable/fitted on vehicle.

19

C. FIRE SERVICES PLAN

Fire Service system must be equipped with…

1. Water supply and storage.

2. Fire Water storage.

3. Fire Water Pump / Emergency diesel pump.

4. Fire Water net work consisting of fire hydrants fixed monitors, Wet resister, hose reels

5. Fixed water / supply / curtain system and fixed foam system.

Contd… 20

6. Fire extinguishers (Portable). Foam Fire extinguisher.

Carbon Dioxide fire extinguisher.

Dry Chemical Powder fire extinguisher.

(Sodium / Potassium bicarbonate)

Halon fire extinguisher.

7. Water tenders and mobile vans.

8. Round the clock man power

9. Fire alarms / smoke detectors.

10. Gate lock cutter / tools available.

11. Wireless communication for fire crews.

12. Availability of PPE’s

21

D. MEDICAL SERVICES PLAN

Round the clock Medical Centre headed by qualified Doctor and other paramedical staff is the basic requirement for industries. Having following facilities.

1. First – Aid facility at important locations.

2. Round the clock Ambulance with stretchers.

3. Important Antidotes and life saving medicines.

4. Treatment of causalities.

5. Oxygen cylinders.

6. Emergency showers.22

E. SAFETY PLAN

Professional Safety Personnel must be available at site with suitable experience and equipped with followings: 1. Emergency safety equipments available at various locations. Respiratory & Non-respiratory. 2. Wind direction indicator. 3. Safety shower & eye wash units. 4. Insurance of PPE to individuals. 5. Emergency lamps. 6. Assembly point. 7. Gas monitoring instruments.

23

F. SECURITY PLAN

1. Immediate arrangement for controlling situation.2. Bringing additional man power for help.3. Automatic opening and closing of gate.4. Guiding the out side and inside vehicles.5. Cordoning the area, controlling the crowd and

diverting the traffic.6. Recovering of incoming and out going vehicles / persons.7. Security team equipped with proper portable

communication facility.

24

G EVACUATION & REHABILITATION PLAN

1. Provision of separate evacuation alarm.

2. Assembly point situated at a safe place away from areas of risk.

3. No. of assembly points judging wind direction.

4. Availability of nominated persons at each assembly points.

5. Communication link of this assembly points with main controller.

25

6. Arrangements of escape mask for the persons to escape from the effected area.

7. Vehicle equipped with Public Address (PA) systems for use in surrounding areas likely to be affected.

8. Thorough inspection facility of the area before it “All Clear”.

9. Re – entering arrangements with great care to be positively ascertained.

10. Welfare assistance to casualities.

11. Provision of sufficient number of vehicles for evacuation.

26

H. MUTUAL AID PLAN

The requirement for additional sources can be fulfilled with the help of this scheme by making MOU with neighboring industries and local administration for utilizing the facilities, like…..

Fire Brigade Safety Devices Medical facilities Ambulances / Cranes Expert Teams

All the units joined under this scheme must be connected with effective communication network.

27

Cross Country Pipelines / Rural area set-up

• Risks outside plant B/L compound wall of factory.• Approaches either blocked or not available.• Believing it as “ No man’s land “ .• Resistance by local residents ( though under ROU ).• Large effect on surroundings / crops / cattle.• Higher risk of pilferage / misuse / sabotage.• Large inventory between isolations.• Permission from Higher Authorities for Shut down.• Rescue team unaware of full geography.• Unfavorable conditions of rains, flooding, darkness.• Mob psychology – difficulty in law & order.• Unproportional panicky – spread of rumors.

28

I. AWARENESS AND MOCK DRILL

Induction training followed by refresher courses and frequent Table Top exercises.

Community awareness & its preparedness. Training on Emergency Mitigation. Ready availability of tools such as fire fighting

devices, rescue and safety equipments. Guideline on Do’s and Don'ts. Mock drills on specific potential disaster

scenario. Compliance of Action Points of Mock Drills

29

J. DOCUMENTATION PLAN

• Preparation of Plant Safety Manual & Fire Prevention / Control Manual.

• MSDS or CIS (Chem Info Sheets) or HMIS• HAZCHEM codes / NFPA signals.• Availability of meteorological data on

atmospheric stability class, wind velocity orientation and cloud condition data.

• Transport Emergency Card (TREM cards). • Community awareness in local language.

30

K. DEFINATION OF KEY PERSONNEL AND FIXING RESPONSIBILIES

The key personnel definition and their responsibility can be fixed depending on the size of the industry, location of plants, the hazards associated, community density and the infrastructure available in the vicinity.

Senior most Plant person or Govt officer will take charge as INCIDENT CONTROLLER.

31

L. INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE ROLE PLAN

• The INCIDENT CONTROLLER to take charge of the situation and mobilize the internal and external resources.

• Various indentified groups for working collectively at the spot of incident with fullest co-ordination.

32

• All the plans finally to be executed by an individual and Role / Act of a individual becomes important and essential factor to combat any emergency.

• Clearly defined roles and responsibility of all those responsible for the control of emergency.

• Person to be nominated to preserve evidences, relevant records and data.

• Responsible officer to be nomited for liaison / Media Communication.

33

GUIDELINES TO BE OBSERVED

1. Do not get panicky.

2. Do not spread non authentic INFORMATION.

3. Do not crowd communication channels like telephones, cells & Loudophone unnecessarily.

4. Do not approach the scene as a spectator.

5. Do not move around unnecessarily.

34

6. Do not approach control centers unnecessarily for information or enquiries.

7. Send visitors if any, away.

8. Proceed in to the ASSEMBLY POINT.

9. Be attentive to the instructions.

10. If you have no role to play, move out of the area of incidence after informing time office.

11. Contract labors should report to their supervisors & villagers to report to Community leaders – Sarpanch / Talati.

35

LATEST US UPDATE

Chemical industry ranks highest in Disaster Preparedness.

NERRTC ( National Emergency Response & Rescue Training Center) of TEXAS A & M University’s findings on six sectors.

• Chemical industry

• Power generation

• Transportation

( Companies with 500 or more employees surveyed )

The survey showed that major industries have a plan in place, but fewer are training employees on their plans and even less are actually holding drills.

• Entertainment

• Construction

• pharmaceutical

36

FIVE YEARS after 9 / 11 WTC & ONE YEAR after 05 Katrina, most chemical industry professionals feel well prepared.

• 83% have their Disaster Plan as good to excellent.• 87% have updated Disaster Plan within past One

Year.• 23% have yet not conducted a drill to validate the

Plan

Experts caution that developing a plan without training and conducting drills is a cause of concern.

Preparedness has improved, but critical gaps still exist.

Most experts recommend conducting a drill once a Quarter.

Ref: Hydrocarbon Processing -October 2006

37

INDUSTRIAL EMERGENCY CENTRES

1. CCR at RIL, Baroda.

2. DPMC at Ankleshwar

3. DMC at RIL, Dahej

4. DMC at Patalganga

5. MAS at Hazira

6. MAS at Jamnagar

7. MARG at Chembur/Trombay

GOVT

LCG - Local Crisis Group

DCG - District Crisis Group

SCG - State Crisis Group

CCG - Central Crisis Group38

Last, but not the Least

• For Armed forces, it is said that : More you sweat in peace period, less you bleed on the battle field.

• Similarly, for citizens :

More you prepare for Emergency,

Less you lose in actual Emergency.

39

FIVE FUNDAS of Disaster Mgmt

( 1 ) Prevention

( 2 ) Awareness

( 3 ) Preparedness

( 4 ) Mitigation

( 5 ) Rebuilding40

41