Community Forestry for Teak

Forest Management of

Smallholders

Sein Moe

Assistant Director

Community Forestry Unit, Myanmar

Scope of presentation

2

1

Strengthening CF Promotion by CFNWG and CF Unit

2 Development and Implementation of CF

3 Opportunity and Cooperation

4

Recommendation and Ways Forwards5

Landscape Approach

▪ To be awareness program as

extension, fulfill capacity

building, to do research

activities

▪ To advise the decision makers for

comprehensive revised CFI based on CFI 1995

▪ To share knowledge, experience, policy,

activities

4 times of round table meetings, one

stakeholder meeting (June-Sept, 2013)

Organized CFNWG (Nov, 2013)

1st-19th CFNWG meetings

Meeting, Training, Workshop

RECOFTC & MOECAF

(2012)

Community Forestry National Working Group (CFNWG)

▪ To get CF certificate timely with

proper channel through the

process.

▪ To seek the funds, technique,

information from funding

agencies, organizations of local

and international

Director General (Forest Departnment) Forest Department (8)

Line Department (9):Rural Development, Fishery, General

Administration , Mining, Union Attorney, Land management and statistic, DZGD, SME, Cooperative

NGO (8): MERN, META, FSWG, EcoDev, FREDA,

RECOFTC, MFA, WWF

Observer: FFI, Pyoepin, FOW, WCS, Salon , Point, MFPTMA

etc….

Donors

(SEARCA, FFF etc…..

Technical group

Financial promotion group

Law and Policy group

CF Units:

Head Quarter,

Region & state,

District

Total = 1222

Organization Structure of CFNWG

CFUG NetworkCFA

Director General

(Forest Dept:)

CFNWG

(National level)

Funding agency

Technician

Observers

▪Connect with funding sources

▪ Support the technical

▪Coordinate with other related groups (FLEGT, REDD+)

CFNWG Formation and Coordination

CF Unit

(Head Quarter)

CFRWG

(region and state)

CFDWG

(District)

▪ Coordinate in region

▪ Cooperate with CSO, INGO, NGO etc…

▪ Coordinate Field level

▪ Solve the conflict

▪ Implementation

CFPP

ACFPN

Organization of CF Unit

CF Unit (Head Quarter = 36 members

CF Unit State and Region (318)

CF Unit District(869 members)

DDG (1)

Dir (6)

DD (1)

AD (5)

SO (10)

RO (13)

Stage and Region CF Unit

(15)teams

District CF unit (57) team

Training, CFC process,

Legality of FUG,

Facilitation, Funding

CF Unit (head

Quarter)

CF Unit (Region/

state)

CF Unit (District)

CSO, INGO, NGO

Sector (mining,

GAD, Fishery,

Land Record,

Attorney)

The need for Cooperation in the field

COMMUNITY FORESTRY STRATEGIC PLAN AND

ACTION PLAN FROM 2018 TO 2020

Strategy (1) Awareness and understanding of Community Forestry,

Strategy (2) Scaling up Community Forestry,

Strategy (3) Promoting Small-scale Forest Enterprise,

Strategy (4) Strengthening Community Forestry National Working Group (CFNWG) and CF Unit

Strategy (5) Progressing research and development, and

Strategy (6) Enhancing policy and enabling environment.

Myanmar

Forest Policy

Community

Forestry

Instructions (CFIs)

Forestry

Master Plan

People’s participation,

Public Awareness• Regaining Environmental

Stability,

• Addressing basic needs of local

communities,

• Supporting the economic

development

Target for about 920,000 ha (2.27 million

acres) of CF by 2030 (5% of forest land)

Development of Community Forestry

About 250,867 ha of CF have been established (only 27%)

1995

2001

Present

(As of 31st August 2019) 4743 Forest User Groups with members of 121,187.

Significant of CI, May 2019

➢ To sustain forests, to satisfy the community’s

needs from trees and forests; and to reduce rural

poverty through increased provisioning and

supporting environmental services in a stable

environment; and To generate employment and

income upto enterprise

➢ The community can fully empower to control the

forests and the CF commercialized, poverty

reduction, forest sustainability and social

justice are ensured.

➢ Developing CF enterprise: Empowering FUG to

develop CF enterprise.

➢ Gender balance

Sectoral Cooperation

The role of CF USG Network

The role of

Business Sector

Legal provision

for communit

y Enterprise

CFUGs=

SME?

Salient points of Community Forestry

Any land at the disposal of the state can be alienated as

community forests

Land tenure is initially granted for 30 years

The tenure right is inheritable (completely devolved and partial

alienation)

Forest products harvested from CF for local use are tax-free

Seeds and seedlings needed for the first rotation and technical

assistant are provided by FD free of charge

No restriction is imposed on the selling and pricing of the

surplus forest products

CF: A tool for the wellbeing of forest dwellers

• Residential area with fifty or more households long been in

existence in the PFE will be excluded from PFE.

• Residential area with less than fifty households long been in

existence in the PFE will be relocate with others of the similar

condition in the vicinity.

• Paddy fields will be excluded from PFE.

• Orchards and dry cultivation areas long been in existence

in the PFE will remain in PFE but dry cultivation areas will

be treated and recognized as CF .

People centered Policy

Source: Planning & Statistics Division, FD

14

Paddy field

Perennial Crop

Forest tree

house

Buildng

Landscape Approach

Hedge row

Gap Plantion

Block Planning

Row by Row

Cultivated land

Enrichment Planting

Natural Forest

houses

houses

16

Sample of Landscape Approach

➢All locally fit designed

accepted

➢ Local preference is

priority

➢Mosaic of different

landuse or landscape

approach

➢ 150 trees of both

perennial crop and

forest trees

Landscape Approach Formation in Smallholder of Local People by Community

Forestry Certification with Agroforestry System

Landscape approach Process to

combine the smallholder land

tenure including remnant

natural forest.

CF Establishment Area in State

and Region from 1996 to 2018

hectare

After formation of

CFNWG and CF

Unit

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

1996-…

1997-…

1998-…

1999-…

2000-…

2001-…

2002-…

2003-…

2004-…

2005-…

2006-…

2007-…

2008-…

2009-…

2010-…

2011-…

2012-…

2013-…

2014-…

2015-…

2016-…

2017-…

765 151 581 502758

12397

36595578

3345274738401781153315002911

498212122441

30650

17925529

11779

9330

19836

32323

683

Normal CF CF Establisment in dry cultivated area

Area − 250867 hectare

User Group − 4743 group

Members − 121187 No.

Community Forestry in Reserved Forestry and Unclassed Forest by Plantation and Natural Forest

0 10000 20000 30000 40000

Kachin

Kayar

Kayin

Chin

Sagaing

Tanintharyi

Bago

Magway

Mandalay

Naypyitaw

Mon

Rakhaine

Yangon

Shan

Ayarwady

6493

1507

2421

2970

12390

11137

32977

29860

8177

1330

186

8810

515

38118

4176

hectareUnclass forest38%

Reserve Forest62%

Plantation48%

Natural forest52%

CF Targets until 2030

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

700002016-1

7yr

2017-1

8yr

2018-1

9yr

2019-2

0yr

2020-2

1yr

2021-2

2yr

2022-2

3yr

2023-2

4yr

2024-2

5yr

2025-2

6yr

2026-2

7yr

2027-2

8yr

2028-2

9yr

2029-3

0yr

2030-3

1yr

37853

38943 4

8694

48815

50021

41884

41403

41926

40983

55349

49608 6

0729

60729

60729

60729

hectar

e

The FD will assist FUGs to-

i. Improve capacity through technical and business-

oriented trainings;

ii. Form Community Forest product-based enterprise;

iii. Develop producer-consumer partnership to secure

investment;

iv.Establish township, district, State/Regional networks or

associations to strengthen enterprises; and

v. Network enterprises or FUGs into a national federation,

e.g. National Federation of Forest User Groups in

Myanmar (NFUM).

Opportunity by New CFI

Opportunity of CF by CBF Based on Tenure

Generic

type of

CBF

Regime

Bundle of rights Duration of

rightsAccess Withdrawal Managemen

t

Exclusion Alienatio

n

1.

Delegate

X NWFPs Not defined

2. Share X NWFPs X Fixed by

Mgt plan

3. Partly

Devolve

X NWFPs X X

(limited)

Fixed by

Mgt plan

4. Fully

Devolve

X NWFPs &

Timber

X X Fixed by

Mgt plan/

regulatory

framework

5. Own X NWFPs &

Timber

X X X Indefinite

unlimited

24

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

14000000

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018 2018-19

3067831042686

21069803438405

4352370

6808422

3474586

6089584

10512463 10304134

1282509213401858

teak totalteak, 18055646, 24%

total, 56607717, 76%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018 2018-19

9%

17%20%

33% 34%

51%

25

After planting in 3 year

CF Promotion Program

Program for supporting World Bank Loan

1. CF/CFE development (app. 80 million)

2. Strengthening of PAS (app. $60 million)

3. Promote reforestation and business development(

app. $ 50 million

CF/CFE development (app. 80 million)

➢ Facilitation and support the establishment of new CF

➢ Strengthening the existing CFs

➢ Incubating new or strengthening existing CFEs

➢ Financing to CF activities and business support to CFE

Key social indicators associated with CBF

management

Social/

instituti

onal

capital

Social capital is the value that comes from such

social networks, or groupings of people, which

allow individuals to achieve things they could not

achieve on their own.

Human

capital

Human capital is a collection of resources—all the

knowledge, talents, skills, abilities, experience,

intelligence, training, judgment, and wisdom

possessed individually and collectively in a

population.

Equity Equity is understood as fairness in the decision

making processes and fair outcomes of such

decisions

Inclusive

ness

process of removing barriers and promoting

incentives to increase the access of marginalized

individuals and groups to the development process

Criteria & IndicatorCriterion 1: Extent and type of Community Based Forestry

1.1 Context within which CBF operates

1.1a Policy objectives of each CBF regime in the country

1.1b Area and percent of forest land under different tenure regimes

1.1c Number of people and groups involved in CBF regime

1.2 Institutionalization of CBF in government and civil society

1.2a Institutionalization (no. of FD staff) of CBF regime into government policy,

legislation, planning and programs

1.2b Civil society organizations (group and members apart from CBF membership

groups) to represent CBF stakeholders

1.3 Level of empowerment of local stakeholders for CBF regime

1.3a Rights (bundle of right and duration) associated with CBF regime

1.3b Responsibilities (approval, tax payment) associated with CBF regime

1.3c Characterization (type) of CBF regime by generic type

Summary of enabling environment for CBF regime

Summary of key indicators to assess level of enabling environment for the CBF regime

Criterion 2: Effectiveness of Community Based Forestry (Sustainable Development)

2.1 Natural capital

2.1a Change in area and condition of forest for CBF regime(area, spp, volume,

ecosystem)

2.1b Change in level of threats for CBF regime (driver of forest degradation )

2.1c Change in quantity of forest products harvested for CBF regime (harvested vol)

2.2 Social/institutional/human capital

2.2a Change in key social indicators of social/institutional and human capital, equity

and inclusiveness for CBF regime (see social indicators including with tradition)

2.3 Financial capital (income for individual, group, environmental etc..)

2.3a Change in availability of forest goods and services for subsistence use, income

generation to households and community groups for CBF regime

Summary of effectiveness of CBF

Summary of effectiveness of CBF regime in enhancing natural, social/institutional/human

and financial capital and overall effectiveness

Comparative effectiveness of all CBF regimes in a country in moving towards SFM and

enhancing livelihoods

Perceptions of overall effectiveness of CBF regime compared with other forest tenure

regimes in moving towards SFM and enhancing livelihoods

Challenge: Lesson learnt

ISSUE Perception

Overall

contribution

Harvesting forest products mainly undertaken by

women

Specialization

in collection

Women collect mainly firewood and harvest NTFP,

plants for food and medicine; men mainly collect

income for family and hunt for food.

Diversification

in products

Women collect a higher diversity of forest products

Subsistence vs.

cash

Women collect mainly for subsistence use, men for

sale

Forest user

groups (FUG)

Women are under represented in FUGs

Common

property

Women collect a greater share of products from land

under common property tenure regimes than men

Challenge❑ Political ecology: How is the potential for community forestry constrained or

enhanced by historical, ecological, cultural, socioeconomic and political factors at

diverse scales?

❑ Stakeholder: Who are the multiple stakeholder involved in direct or indirect for CF?

❑ Stakeholder within the community: Under what conditions does participation by local

communities contribute to goals of achieving CF with improved livelihoods?

❑ Sustainability: How are changes in resource use and management by local communities

linked to SFM?

❑ Institutional: How can stakeholder learning contribute to conservation success in the

long run? How can it be incorporated into a strategy for institutional change and

partnership and other participatory activities with local communities?

❑ Gender relations and resources: In what ways do gender relations differentiate

people’s connections with natural resources including knowledge access to, control of,

and impact on natural resources, and attitudes towards resources and conservation?

❑ Capacity building at all level, training, CF development, information mgmt, network

and learning

❑ Technical : to upgrade livelihood system of local people

❑ Framework development : policy review, revise, clarify but limited budget, lack of

investment, development

▪ Community Based Forestry implementation

▪ Developing Enterprise

▪ Strengthening CF units

▪ Link with training and research institutions

▪ Mobilizing the resources

▪ Centralized support with localized delivery system

▪ Materializing recommendations made by previous projects

▪ Field oriented Forestry extension

▪ CF in the cultivated land encroached reserve forest with

agroforestry system

▪ Promote and Develop CF with support of Soft Loan system of

World Bank

Way forward

Extension of Reserved Forest

Formation of Reserved Forest

People Participation is

Essential

34

Lets promote land tenure For the smallholder

Thank you for Your Attention