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ByDr Mahmood Ur Rahman

Professor of Community Med

Community Medicine

The field concerned with the study of health and disease in the defined community or group.

Its goal is to identify the health problems and needs of people (community diagnosis) and to plan, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of health care system.

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GOALS OF MODERN MEDICINE

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Focus shift from treatment of sick Prevention of Diseases Promotion of health Quality of life improvement for individuals

& groups

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Five Star Doctor

CommunicatorDecision Maker

Manager Care Provider

Leader

Knowledge regarding Study of :

Population to be served Demography

Patterns of Health and disease Epidemiology

Collection, compilation and analysis of data

Biostatistics

Behavioral factors and their effect on Health

Behavioral sciences

Control and prevention of diseases

Preventive Medicine

The food people eat Nutrition

Environmental factors and their effects on Health

Environmental Health

Delivery of Health Care Health Administration and Planning 5

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Assessment System (Annual) TERM TESTS: 02 PRE-ANNUAL EXAM ANNUAL EXAM Viva and spotting PBL (Problem Based Learning)

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Annual Examination

Marks of Written Paper : 135 Time Allowed = 3 Hrs (Including MCQs) Marks of Internal Assessment : 15Max Marks : 150 Pass Marks : 75 Written paper will comprise of two parts

(A & B) Q–1 (MCQ) (one best out of five items type from

whole course, on separate sheet (Time 30 Min) : 30 Marks

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Part – ASEQs/SAQs (15 Marks each) Q–2 PBQ Whole courseQ–3 Epidemiology (Gen & Spec) + Screening of

DiseasesQ–4 Statistics Q–5 Communicable / non communicable

diseases

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Part – BSEQs/SAQs (09 Marks each) Q–6 MCH and family planning / demographyQ–7 Nutrition / Entomology / Parasitology / Health

Education/ Occupational Medicine/ Social / Behavioral Sciences

Q–8 Water / Environmental Health Q–9 Accidents / Disasters / Smoking / / Substance

abuse / School Health / Mental Health / Geriatrics / Housing/ Snake bite

Q–10 HMIS / Medical Ethics / PHC / International Health / Concept of Health and disease / Planning and Management

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Allocation of Marks

Written Paper Max Marks: 135 MarksInternal Assessment: 15 Marks (Based on marks obtained in Theory Papers of Term Tests and

Pre Annual exam)

Sub Total: 150 Marks

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Oral & Practical

Max Marks: 150 Viva: 100 MarksSpotting: 10 MarksProject: Day Book/Visit Book/Entomology/

Research 25 MarksInternal Assessment: PBL/ Viva Pre Annual: 15 Marks

Sub Total: 150 MarksGrand Total: 300 Marks

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The complete course of Community Medicine is according to the laid down Syllabus issued by PMDC

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Core Contents

Concepts of Health and disease Introduction to Public Health and Health

Systems in Pakistan Epidemiology , Screening and

Infectious Disease Control Non Communicable Diseases Biostatistics and HMIS Demography and Population Dynamics Food and nutrition Reproductive and Child Health

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Core Contents…. School Health Services Environmental health Occupational Health Parasitic Diseases – Prevention and control Zoonotic diseases Arthropods of Public Health Importance Mental Health Behavioral Sciences Health Education and Promotion Disaster Management Medical Ethics

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Concept of Health and Disease

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Dimensions and Spectrum of

Health

Determinants of Health

Health Indicators

Primary Healthcare Concept

Introduction to Public Health & Health systems in Pakistan

Background and concepts

Development of Public Health in Pakistan

Economics and Health

Health Policy and Planning in Pakistan

Health System in Pakistan

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Epidemiology and Disease Control

Background and concepts, uses Basic measurements in epidemiology Epidemiological methods, association and

causation investigation of epidemics, screening for disease Research and survey methodology

Definitions: infection, contact, host, carriers

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Dynamics of infectious disease transmission Control of infection Epidemiology, control and prevention of

infectious diseases of public health importance Diseases transmitted through inhalation Diseases transmitted through faeco-oral route Diseases of animals conveyed to man Diseases due to direct contact

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Epidemiology, Control and Prevention of Non-infectious Diseases of Public Health Importance

Hypertension Coronary heart disease Cancers Injuries Diabetes Mellitus Obesity Acute Rheumatic fever Ischaemic heart diseases

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Biostatistics

Concepts and uses Data and its types Rate, ratio and proportion Crude, specific and standardized rates Collection and registration of vital events in Pakistan Sources of health related statistics Measures of central tendency (Mean, Mode, Median)

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Demography and Population Dynamics

Concept, Principles, Demographic processes Census, definition, types, methodology Determinants of fertility, mortality Population pyramid and its interpretation Demographic transition, demographic trap Demographic & social implications of high

population growth Social mobilization Urbanization

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Food and Nutrition

Concepts of Nutrition Malnutrition at all stages of life Dietary requirements Food hygiene, pasteurization, fortification,

adulteration and preservation Food poisoning Assessment of nutritional status of Community

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Reproductive and Child health

Safe motherhood & its components Maternal mortality, causes and prevention Infant care, growth & development,

breast feeding, common causes of morbidity and mortality, their prevention and control

IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) Adolescent health Reproductive tract infections, managing STDs

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Health of School age Children

Role of teachers and role of doctors in maintenance of health

Procedures for determining the health status of school children

Common health problems of school children

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Environmental Health Air Composition, pollution, purification, diseases caused by

air impurities & their prevention Water, Sources, daily requirement, causes of pollution,

its prevention, purification, quality standards, diseases

due to polluted water Waste Disposal, Hazards and Safety Measures Radiation sources, types, causes, hazards, prevention Healthful housing, urban & rural slums, Refugee camps

and hostels Noise, causes, acceptance level,

hazards and control

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Occupational Health Concepts of occupational Health and

Medicine Ergonomics and its Importance Occupational Hazards Principles of prevention and Control Organization of Occupational Health Services Health insurance and Social Security Schemes

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Arthropods and Their Public Health Importance

Common arthropod borne diseases Control of arthropod of medical

importance Insecticides and their public health

importance

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Prevention and control of parasitic diseases of public health importance

Snake bites, personal protection and management

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Mental Health

Concept, common mental health

problems, causes and prevention

Juvenile delinquency

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Behavioural Sciences and Life Style

Concept, attitudes, health and illness behaviour

Drug abuse, addiction and smoking Child abuse and child labour Role of physical exercise in health and

disease

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Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Concept, aims & objectives Approaches used in public health Contents, principles & stages of health

education Communication methods, barriers, and skills

in health education Planning, organizing and evaluating a health

education programme Social marketing

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Disaster Definition, classification Natural Disasters like Earthquakes, Floods Epidemic of communicable diseases Man made disasters Accidents, thermonuclear warfare, causes and

prevention Magnitude and effects of Disaster and Public

Health consequences Disaster preparedness and management

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Medical Ethics

Background concepts and components National recommended guidelines Code of Medical Ethics

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Practical and Community Based Training

Students should have practical experience in: Questionnaire development Data collection Compilation Presentation Analysis Report writing

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Field Visits Visit to BHU and RHC Visit to an NGO Visit to a primary school to assess the nutritional

status of school children Visit to MCH/Reproductive Health Centre to observe

the organization, function of the centre, Antenatal care, FP services & Immunization

Visit to a hospital to see the hospital waste disposal Visit to an industry Visit to a physical/mental/social rehabilitation centre

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Skills Development Lab

Water purification at domestic level Contraceptives Vaccination including the

cold chain Oral Rehydration solution

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Recommended Reading

Park’s Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine by K Park

Public Health and Community Medicine by Ilyas and Ansari

Lecture Notes

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