community notification, risk assessment, and civil commitment of sex offenders
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Community Notification, Risk Assessment, and Civil Commitment of Sex Offenders. Sexually Violent Predator Statutes. Earl Shriner (1989) Washington became the first state to enact the second generation of Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) statutes Kansas v. Hendricks. Kansas v. Hendricks. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Community Community Notification, Risk Notification, Risk
Assessment, and Civil Assessment, and Civil Commitment of Commitment of
Sex OffendersSex Offenders
Sexually Violent Predator Sexually Violent Predator StatutesStatutes
Earl Shriner (1989)Earl Shriner (1989) Washington became the first state to Washington became the first state to
enact the second generation of enact the second generation of Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) Sexually Violent Predator (SVP) statutesstatutes
Kansas v. HendricksKansas v. Hendricks
Kansas v. HendricksKansas v. Hendricks 19971997 5 to 4 USSC split5 to 4 USSC split Convicted of Child Convicted of Child
Molestation five times in Molestation five times in Kansas Kansas
Agreed that he was a Agreed that he was a pedophilepedophile
Stated that only death Stated that only death would prevent him from would prevent him from committing additional sex committing additional sex crimes crimes
Sexually Violent Predator Sexually Violent Predator Statutes Statutes (Cont.)(Cont.)
Civil Commitment Civil Commitment Indeterminate SentencesIndeterminate Sentences 32 states have SVP statutes on the 32 states have SVP statutes on the
books or are in the process of books or are in the process of enacting this type of commitment enacting this type of commitment law law
Expensive CommitmentExpensive Commitment
Sexually Violent Sexually Violent PredatorPredator
Curtis Shane ThompsonCurtis Shane Thompson Was adjudicated a SVP Was adjudicated a SVP
in Washingtonin Washington Was released by a juryWas released by a jury Committed additional Committed additional
crimes after release crimes after release from his civil from his civil commitmentcommitment
Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration ProgramSexually Violent Offender Registration Program
Jacob WetterlingJacob Wetterling
Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration and Sexually Violent Offender Registration
ProgramProgram The Federal Government requires states to The Federal Government requires states to
keep a list of their sex offenders or risk losing keep a list of their sex offenders or risk losing their federal crime prevention funding. their federal crime prevention funding.
Lifelong registration in some cases.Lifelong registration in some cases. Addresses have to be verified every 90 days.Addresses have to be verified every 90 days. All states currently have registry system in All states currently have registry system in
place. place. By the mid-1990s over 185,000 sex offenders By the mid-1990s over 185,000 sex offenders
were registered were registered (Lieb et al., 1998).(Lieb et al., 1998). Depends on the state; however, the registry is Depends on the state; however, the registry is
often set up in a tiered fashion. often set up in a tiered fashion.
Registration and Community Registration and Community NotificationNotification
Registration and Community Registration and Community NotificationNotification
Megan’s LawMegan’s Law States were mandated to release information States were mandated to release information
from the sex offender registry to the public as from the sex offender registry to the public as deemed necessary to protect the public.deemed necessary to protect the public.
Multiple ways the information can be Multiple ways the information can be disseminated.disseminated. Yard signsYard signs Bumper stickersBumper stickers Community meetingsCommunity meetings InternetInternet
Has withstood numerous legal challenges.Has withstood numerous legal challenges. No hard data yet exists for or against No hard data yet exists for or against
community notification. community notification.
Community NotificationCommunity Notification For For
Lets citizens know who is living in their neighborhood.Lets citizens know who is living in their neighborhood. Can help parents/guardians protect their children. Can help parents/guardians protect their children. Law enforcement has provided anecdotal evidence as Law enforcement has provided anecdotal evidence as
to its effectiveness. to its effectiveness. AgainstAgainst
Creates a false sense of community securityCreates a false sense of community security Discourages offenders from seeking helpDiscourages offenders from seeking help Wastes fundsWastes funds Vigilantism Vigilantism
Little evidence to suggest physical violence.Little evidence to suggest physical violence. OstracismOstracism Innocent victims (family members)Innocent victims (family members) Information may not be accurateInformation may not be accurate
Registration and Community Registration and Community NotificationNotification
Forensic Psychologists & Forensic Psychologists & Sex OffendersSex Offenders
Conduct SVP evaluationsConduct SVP evaluations Determine existence of a “mental disorder”Determine existence of a “mental disorder” Assess risk to reoffend Assess risk to reoffend
Assess appropriateness for Assess appropriateness for probation/paroleprobation/parole
Assess level of risk for degree of Assess level of risk for degree of community notificationcommunity notification
Provide sex offender specific treatment Provide sex offender specific treatment in both correctional and community in both correctional and community settingssettings
Risk Assessment of Sex Risk Assessment of Sex OffendersOffenders
Risk assessment is controversial Risk assessment is controversial Clinical prediction alone is inferior to Clinical prediction alone is inferior to
other methodsother methods Psychological maladjustment, low self-Psychological maladjustment, low self-
esteem, history of being sexually esteem, history of being sexually abused as a child, and denial of one’s abused as a child, and denial of one’s offense are not related to recidivism. offense are not related to recidivism.
Risk Assessment of Sex Risk Assessment of Sex OffendersOffenders
(What appears to work…at least to some extent) (What appears to work…at least to some extent) History History
Past behavior is the best predictor of Past behavior is the best predictor of future behavior.future behavior.
Sexual Deviance Sexual Deviance Extrafamilial or complete strangers, Extrafamilial or complete strangers,
victims much younger than the victims much younger than the perpetrator, & male victims.perpetrator, & male victims.
Treatment ComplianceTreatment Compliance
Risk Assessment of Sex Risk Assessment of Sex OffendersOffenders
Substance AbuseSubstance Abuse Mixed results Mixed results
PsychopathologyPsychopathology Not just Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)Not just Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) Good predictor for future violence & future Good predictor for future violence & future
sexual violencesexual violence More typical for rapists than child molestersMore typical for rapists than child molesters Some indication that psychopathic offenders Some indication that psychopathic offenders
become “worse” with sex offender treatmentbecome “worse” with sex offender treatment
Instruments/Tools Used in Risk Instruments/Tools Used in Risk Assessment & Treatment of Sex Assessment & Treatment of Sex
OffendersOffenders Actuarial Instruments Actuarial Instruments
Violence Risk Appraisal Guide Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG)(VRAG)
Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide (SORAG)(SORAG)
Rapid Risk Assessment for Sex Rapid Risk Assessment for Sex Offense Recidivism (RRASOR)Offense Recidivism (RRASOR)
STATIC-99STATIC-99
Static-99 Static-99 Revised Revised
Instruments/Tools Used in Risk Instruments/Tools Used in Risk Assessment & Treatment of Sex Assessment & Treatment of Sex
OffendersOffenders (Cont.)(Cont.)
Psychopathy Checklist-Revised Psychopathy Checklist-Revised PCL-RPCL-R
Penile PlethysmograpyPenile Plethysmograpy PolygraphPolygraph Team Supervision Team Supervision
(Approach/Collateral Information)(Approach/Collateral Information)
Abel Assessment for Sexual Abel Assessment for Sexual InterestInterest