Community Oriented Policing

Reducing assaults on police officers in the South and West of the United States through community-oriented policing tactics.

By: Michael Finazzo

Community Need

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

Officers Assaulted Nationwide 2004-2013

Series1

Num

ber o

f Offi

cers

Ass

aulte

d

NORTHEAST MIDWEST SOUTH WEST0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

Officers Assaulted by Region 2013

Series1

Community Need Data

Of the 49,851 assaults on police officers that took place in 2013, 37,018 assaults took place in the South and West. That’s 75% of the assaults.

http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/leoka

Logical Approach Worksheet (this is automatically completed based on your answers in the Need Worksheet. If you need to make changes go back and make them in the Need worksheet).

PROBLEM OR ISSUE RESOURCES ACTIVITIES OUTPUTS SHORT- TERM OUTCOMES LONG-TERM OUTCOMES IMPACT

The Community Need In order to accomplish In order to address our We expect that once We expect that if accomplished We expect that if accomplished We expect that if accomplished

This is the problem we our set of activities we problem or asset we will accomplished these these activities these activities these activities

are trying to solve will need the following: accomplish the following activities will produce will lead to the following will lead to the following will lead to the following

activities: the following evidence changes in 1–3 changes in 4–6 changes in 7–10 years:

or service delivery: years: years:

In our community there are too many Police Officers being assaulted in the South and West. In 2013, 37,018 officers were assaulted. It would be much better to be closer to less than 10,000 officers in subsequent years. This problem is a result of Disrespect and distrust for the police. (Reisig, McCluskey, Mastrofki, Terrill (2004)).

Director of Recruitment, Director of Supervision, Community Member, Accountant, Officers, Field Training Officers, Evaluators, Information Technologies, Bicycles, Community surveys, Police Department, Community Meeting Room, Parks.

Minority groups and neighborhoods in South and West United States will participate in Community Oriented Policing, a program that uses foot patrols and community partnerships to increase respect and trust of the population towards the police.

the outputs will be a monthly count of how many minority groups and neighborhoods in South and West United States sign up for and participate in the program

The percent of negative attitudes towards police will be lower for those participating in the program as compared to those not participating.

The percent of violent crimes towards police should decrease for those participating in the program as compared to those not participating.

The community problem of Police Officers being assaulted in the South and West will decline from the current amount of 37,018 officers closer to the desired lower level of less than 10,000 officers.

Logical Approach - Survey

The test will be scored on a scale of 500 to 800 points and will consist of 20 questions. The closer the score is to 500, the more negative the view of the police and the closer to 800, the more positive the attitude towards the police.

• Graziano, Rosenbaum, and Schuck (2014) found that community oriented policing strategies yielded positive attitudes towards the police, with limits of success at fully implementing the program.

• Marshland (2015) wrote an article on a police chief in California who embraces the philosophy of community policing and has had resounding success by doing so.

• The US Department of Justice (2014) published a community oriented policing manual that outlines all facets of such a program, including the philosophy behind it, and necessary staff.

• Williams (2008) analyzes community policing through a Durkheim-ian lens to figure out what causes social cohesion and why community oriented policing might be effective.

• Wilson and Wilson (2014) look at the impact of having racial minority officers present on the force, and in minority communities and found that minority officers had greater success at establishing relationships in such communities.

Logical Approach – Literature Review

Logical Approach – Works CitedReferences

Graziano, Lisa, Dennis Rosenbaum and Amie Schuck. 2014. "Building Group Capacity for Problem Solving and Police-Community Partnerships through Survey Feedback and Training: A Randomized Control Trial within Chicago's Community Policing Program." Journal of Experimental Criminology 10(1):79-103. Marshland, Brad. "Richmond Police Chief: 'all Lives Matter. that's really what Community

Policing should be about.'." Yahoo, Retrieved 4/7, 2015. (https://news.yahoo.com/richmond-california-police-chief-chris-magnus-talks-community-policing-in-katie-couric-interview- 044448393.html?fbmark=newsq12015). US Department of Justice. 2014. Community Policing Defined. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice. Williams, Francis M. 2008. "A Functionalist View of Community Policing in the Minority Community." Conference Papers -- American Sociological Association:1. WILSON, CHARLES P. and SHIRLEY A. WILSON. 2014. "Are we there Yet? Perceptive Roles of African American Police Officers in Small Agency Settings." Western Journal of Black Studies 38(2):123-133.

Assessment

For the assessment:• Independent samples t-test was used to compare the means

of those in the program, and those not in the program.

• Linear (OLS) regression was used to test the correlation of variable.

Attitudes towards police = dependent variable In the program vs. not in the program = independent variable All other variables used were control variables

Assessment

People in the program scored higher than people not in the program (less negative attitude towards the police).

Program proved to be significant at the 99% level.

In the program vs. not in the program was the most significant variable tested. Poverty, past convictions, gender, and race did not seem to be significant to the effectiveness of the program. Being in the program is the most positive predictor for positive attitudes towards the police

Sustainability - Parameters

Sustainability - Budget

The budget shows a sustainable program with total revenues at $480,000 and total costs at $442,135. This leaves a surplus of $37,865 per year.