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Miami-Dade CountyCommunity Profile

By Cassie Vanko

ECON 443- Economic Development

May 9, 2016

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Introduction

Miami-Dade County is settled at the Southern tip of Florida spanning over 2,000 square miles, making it one of the largest counties in the country. Of the 2.6 million people that live in this county, most of them are employed with food and service industries.

Much of this county is dominated by coastal land, while the other large majority is taken by the Everglades. Such access to waterways allows this county to be a major hub for water transportation. A large portion of income the county receives comes from being able to import and export out of their shipyards.

Miami Beach, specifically South Beach, is world-renowned. With their picturesque beaches and art deco style hotels, South Beach attracts nearly 15 million visitors per year1. This explains the high level of food and service industry employment.

Being such a major city, sports teams draw in travellers from all around to come see games. This county is home to the Miami Marlins, the Miami Heat, the Miami Dolphins and the Florida Panthers. Also, the University of Miami is well known for their football team, which reaches fans far outside of the county.

With more than 16,000 students, the University of Miami is located in the city of Coral Gables, just south of Miami Beach. Along with being a nationally ranked university, the University of Miami is known for being on the cutting edge of medical research with their school of medicine being ranked in the top 40 National Institutes of Health in the country2. The university is also the largest employer in the county employing almost 13,000 people. The county also houses many other public and private universities.

The second largest employer in the county is Baptist Health South Florida with over 11,000 employees. Because of the high level of tourism the county receives, it makes sense that American Airlines, employing over 11,000 people, is the third largest employer in the county. Also, Carnival Cruises comes in at number four employing 3,500 people3.

The next section will provide insight into the Miami-Dade County economy. This includes employment trends, important industries and commuting patterns. The report will conclude with policy recommendations to further improve on the economic development efforts.

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3 http://www.partners.miamiandbeaches.com2 http://www.miami.edu3 http://www.beaconcouncil.com

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http://www.miami.edu/

http://www.partners.miamiandbeaches.com/

Profile of the Miami-Dade County Economy

Employment in Miami-Dade County grew about 5 percent between 2001 and 2014 from about 998,000 to 1.05 million (Chart 1). Employment declined drastically, about 6 percent, between 2008 and 2010 due to the national recession. After declining to a low of about 947,000 in 2010, employment steadily increased each following year by about 2.5 percent and is now at an all-time high.

Chart 1. Miami-Dade County Total Employment

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14880,000

900,000

920,000

940,000

960,000

980,000

1,000,000

1,020,000

1,040,000

1,060,000

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages

In chart 2, we see total employment trends in the United States between 2001 and 2014. We see the impact of the national recession between 2008 and 2010. During this time, 5 percent of total employment was lost. As stated earlier, Miami-Dade County observed slightly higher levels of employment loss during the recession at about 6 percent.

Chart 2. United States Total Employment

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14122,000,000

124,000,000

126,000,000

128,000,000

130,000,000

132,000,000

134,000,000

136,000,000

138,000,000


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Miami-Dade County trade, transportation and utility wages have grown almost perfectly in sync with national averages while remaining slightly higher in each year. In 2001, wages are almost exactly the same (Chart 3). After 2002, we see Miami-Dade County begin to emerge with a faster growth rate than the national average, reaching the largest gap in wages in 2006 with Miami-Dade County having a wage 6 percent higher than the national average.

Chart 3. Average Weekly Trade, Transportation and Utility Wage, U.S. and Miami-Dade County

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 140

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Miami-Dade National


Chart 4 displays employment data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). This gives a more accurate depiction of real employment in a given industry. These growth patterns differ from Chart 1 due to their constant increase in employment. We observed Miami-Dade County suffer significant employment losses across all sectors during the national recession, yet these sectors appear relatively unaffected. Educational services suffered slightly in 2010 but are since increasing.

Chart 4. Miami-Dade County Selected Sector Employment, Healthcare and Educational Services

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 140

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

Healthcare Educational Services

Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Total Full-Time and Part-Time Employment by NAICS Industry

The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) classifies business establishments. NAICS considers wholesale trade as establishments focusing on wholesaling merchandise. This includes outputs of mining, manufacturing and agriculture. Retail trade is classified as retailers with a fixed location. These stores typically sell merchandise to the general public. 4 Chart 5 shows employment trends in these industries more closely follow the national trend of employment.

Chart 5. Miami-Dade County Selected Sector Employment, Wholesale and Retail Trade

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 140

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

Wholesale Trade Retail Trade

4 bea.gov

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Chart 6 examines the national averages in Wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, Educational Services and Health Care and Social Assistance.

Chart 6. United States Selected Sector Employment

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 140

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

Wholesale Trade Retail TradeEducational Services Health Care and Social Assistance


Chart 7 gives a clearer visual of the four major selected sectors for Miami-Dade County. These patterns are consistent with the growth rates seen in the national employment data. Between 2008 and 2009, in the retail trade sector we see a 4 percent drop in employment in Chart 7, while we observe a 6 percent drop in the national employment average in the same sector in Chart 6. From 2001 to 2014, the health care and social assistance sector grew about 27 percent nationally, but grew 32 percent in Miami-Dade County.

Chart 7. Miami-Dade County Selected Sector Employment

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 140

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

Wholesale Trade Retail TradeEducational Services Health Care and Social Assistance


Location quotients (LQ’s) are used to measure the relative concentration of employment in a given region.5 An LQ that is higher than one indicates that there is a higher percentage of employment in that region than the United States does as a whole. The higher the LQ, the more presence that industry holds in the county. Table 1 displays industries in Miami-Dade County that have higher than average location quotients. Air transportation has an extremely high LQ with 4.75. Several different types of stores also hold a significant presence in Miami-Dade County with their location quotients spanning from 1.13 to 2.10. Real estate and merchant wholesalers have location quotients between 1.69 and 1.82, meaning they have a 69 to 82 percent higher concentration in Miami-Dade County than the national average. Insurance carriers and credit intermediation activities have a slightly higher concentration in Miami-Dade County than the national average.

Table 1. Miami-Dade County High Concentrated Industries

NAICS Sub-Sector EmploymentAverage

Wages LQNAICS 483 Water transportation 8,804 $79,498 16.54NAICS 481 Air transportation 15,894 $74,452 4.75NAICS 515 Broadcasting, except internet 5,264 $90,304 2.57Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages

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LQ=

sector empl localtotal empl local

sector emplUStotal emplUS

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Table 1. Miami-Dade County High Concentrated IndustriesNAICS 443 Electronics and appliance stores 7,728 $40,542 2.10NAICS 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods 27,234 $58,857 1.82NAICS 446 Health and personal care stores 13,466 $33,550 1.77NAICS 531 Real estate 19,095 $50,513 1.69NAICS 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 4,932 $34,696 1.46NAICS 315 Apparel manufacturing 1,303 $32,861 1.30NAICS 445 Food and beverage stores 28,783 $22,106 1.27NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities 22,288 $79,248 1.19NAICS 524 Insurance carriers and related activities 18,786 $70,398 1.14NAICS 452 General merchandise stores 26,163 $22,770 1.13


Due to the coastal access of the county, it is not surprising that water transportation has an extremely high location quotient. Much of the country does not have as much access to the water; therefore the concentration in this county is extremely significant.

Miami-Dade County is a destination visited frequently from people around the world. Air transportation is an industry that has a concentration almost 5 times higher than the national average. American Airlines, one of the countries largest airlines, has a hub in this county as well, employing thousands of people.

Retail-related sectors hold the majority of the sectors with a high location quotient. This is not surprising due to the amount of tourism in this county.

Real estate has a 69 percent higher concentration in Miami-Dade County than the national average. The climate in this county makes it an ideal location to live or buy additional vacation property.

Table 2 displays sectors in Miami-Dade County with location quotients of .25 or less. This means that these industries only have 25 percent or less of a concentration in Miami-Dade County than the national average.

We see here that manufacturing is not a front-running industry in Miami-Dade County. Primary metal manufacturing has a location quotient of only .16. It is slightly surprising that animal production and aquaculture has a location quotient of only .07 because of all of their access to water.

It seems as though the retail stores that are so abundant in this county are importing their merchandise from outside of the county.

Table 2. Selected Miami-Dade County Low Concentrated IndustriesNAICS Sub-Sector Employment Average Wages LQNAICS 321 Wood product manufacturing 613 $30,191 0.25NAICS 336 Transportation equipment manufacturing 2859 $53,858 0.24Source: BLS, Quarterly Census of Employment and WagesTable 2. Selected Miami-Dade County Low Concentrated

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IndustriesNAICS 313 Textile mills 268 $43,977 0.24NAICS 333 Machinery manufacturing 1941 $40,419 0.21NAICS 115 Agriculture and forestry support activities 1401 $21,459 0.20NAICS 316 Leather and allied product manufacturing 49 $45,412 0.16NAICS 331 Primary metal manufacturing 447 $82,556 0.16NAICS 112 Animal production and aquaculture 124 $46,631 0.07


Miami-Dade County employment trends follow the national employment trends. Referring to charts 1 and 2, total employment dipped during the national recession and has been on the rise since. Earnings by place of residence have risen more quickly than earnings by place of work (Chart 8). Both earnings by place of residence and earnings by place of work suffered the most in 2009 after being on a steady increase since 2001. Between 2009 and 2012, earnings by place of residence grew more rapidly than earnings by place of work with a growth rate of 15 percent, compared to 11 percent. This means that people that live in the county (who may or may not work in the county) have higher earnings growth than those who work in Miami-Dade County (who may or may not live in the county). This could be because of the geographic make-up of the county. Many jobs in core industries are located near the southeast corner of the county, so commuting to other counties would be too far.

Chart 8. Miami-Dade County Earnings by Place

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 140

20,000,000

40,000,000

60,000,000

80,000,000

100,000,000

120,000,000

Earnings By Place of Work Earnings By Place of Residence


Table 3. Miami-Dade County Highest Paying SectorsNAICS Sub-Sector Employment Annual Wages

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NAICS 523 Securities, commodity contracts, investments 7,927 $186,979NAICS 551 Management of companies and enterprises 9,360 $117,922NAICS 221 Utilities 2,333 $108,490NAICS 711 Performing arts and spectator sports 5,305 $97,862NAICS 515 Broadcasting, except internet 5,406 $90,304


Chart 9. Miami-Dade County Labor Force and Employment

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

Labor Force Employment

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics

Chart 9 shows the employment and labor force rates as of December of each year between 2005 and 2015. The labor force in Miami-Dade County has been growing at a relatively constant rate, with growth an overall growth rate of about 13 percent from 2005 to 2015. While employment has an overall growth rate of 10.5 percent between 2005 and 2015, it took a sharp decline of about 12 percent from 2007 to 2009, around the time of the national recession.

Table 4. Miami-Dade County Regional Shift-Share AnalysisNAICS Sub-Sector 2012 2015 NS IM RSNAICS 111 Crop production 6,269 6,242 395 -97.39 -325NAICS 112 Animal production and aquaculture 122 134 8 1.28 3NAICS 115 Agriculture and forestry support activities 768 627 48 -40.99 -148NAICS 212 Mining, except oil and gas 340 403 21 -53.22 95NAICS 221 Utilities 2,826 2,373 178 -157.07 -474

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and WagesTable 4. Miami-Dade County Regional Shift-Share AnalysisNAICS 236 Construction of buildings 6,776 9,605 427 651.69 1750

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NAICS 237 Heavy and civil engineering construction 4,691 5,096 296 132.09 -23

NAICS 238 Specialty trade contractors 18,579 24,326 1170 1675.11 2901

NAICS 311 Food mfg. 4,376 4,549 276 -129.62 27NAICS 312 Beverage and tobacco product mfg. 775 858 49 78.7 -45NAICS 313 Textile mills 303 216 19 -21.27 -85NAICS 314 Textile product mills 602 622 38 -40.68 23NAICS 315 Apparel mfg. 1,234 1,303 78 -185.47 177NAICS 316 Leather and allied product mfg. 83 35 5 -7.77 -45NAICS 321 Wood product mfg. 576 738 36 31.02 95NAICS 322 Paper mfg. 1,029 1,162 65 -89.1 157NAICS 323 Printing and related support activities 2,668 3,012 168 -234.32 410NAICS 324 Petroleum and coal products mfg. 953 746 60 -63.51 -204NAICS 325 Chemical mfg. 2,214 2,349 139 -82.93 78NAICS 326 Plastics and rubber products mfg. 1,599 1,588 101 -2.95 -109NAICS 327 Nonmetallic mineral product mfg. 2,279 2,594 144 31.39 140NAICS 331 Primary metal mfg. 410 479 26 -36.46 80NAICS 332 Fabricated metal product mfg. 3,886 4,884 245 -118.83 872NAICS 333 Machinery mfg. 1,541 1,852 97 -75.43 289NAICS 334 Computer and electronic product mfg. 2,748 2,841 173 -276.89 197NAICS 335 Electrical equipment and appliance mfg. 949 968 60 -38.14 -3NAICS 336 Transportation equipment mfg. 3,076 3,046 194 114.23 -338NAICS 337 Furniture and related product mfg. 1,735 2,012 109 20.83 147NAICS 339 Miscellaneous mfg. 2,729 3,030 172 -131.02 260

NAICS 423 Merchant wholesalers, durable 31,594 31,601 1990 -870.5 -

1113

NAICS 424 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable 25,757 27,234 1623 -644.66 499

NAICS 425 Electronic markets and agents and brokers 7,417 6,560 467 -176.69 -1148

NAICS 441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 13,578 15,345 855 634.75 277

NAICS 442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 4,414 4,932 278 3.54 236NAICS 443 Electronics and appliance stores 7,296 7,728 460 -453.34 426NAICS 444 Building material and garden supply stores 7,042 8,890 444 25.13 1379

NAICS 445 Food and beverage stores 24,669 28,783 1554 142.43 2417

NAICS 446 Health and personal care stores 12,347 13,466 778 -242.63 584

NAICS 447 Gasoline stations 2,965 3,406 187 21.02 233Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages

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Table 4. Miami-Dade County Regional Shift-Share Analysis

NAICS 448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 21,959 21,932 1383 -

1999.06 589

NAICS 451 Sporting goods, book and music stores 3,545 4,210 223 63.16 379

NAICS 452 General merchandise stores 23,026 26,163 1451 -666.56 2353

NAICS 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 7,496 7,344 472 -184.68 -440NAICS 454 Nonstore retailers 2,763 2,811 174 241.49 -368

NAICS 481 Air transportation 13,704 15,894 863 -987.11 2314

NAICS 483 Water transportation 8,888 8,804 560 -349.84 -294NAICS 484 Truck transportation 4,339 5,102 273 47.91 442NAICS 485 Transit and ground passenger transport. 2,442 2,601 154 39.88 -35NAICS 487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation 228 295 14 9.57 43

NAICS 488 Support activities for transportation 17,847 19,794 1124 1108.03 -285

NAICS 491 Postal service 4 14 0 0.7 9NAICS 492 Couriers and messengers 6,628 7,161 418 332.34 -217NAICS 493 Warehousing and storage 2,509 3,078 158 348.24 63NAICS 511 Publishing industries, except internet 2,006 2,214 126 -159.26 241NAICS 512 Motion picture industries 2,348 2,685 148 48.61 140NAICS 515 Broadcasting, except internet 5,072 5,264 320 -449.8 322NAICS 517 Telecommunications 5,951 5,836 375 -728.86 239NAICS 518 Data processing and related services 896 884 56 98.48 -167NAICS 519 Other information services 892 826 56 291.38 -414NAICS 522 Credit intermediation and related activities

21,303 22,288 1342 -

1450.29 1039

NAICS 523 Securities and investments 7,471 7,560 471 347.17 -729

NAICS 524 Insurance carriers and related activities 15,028 18,786 947 353.46 2458

NAICS 531 Real estate 17,623 19,095 1110 250.38 111

NAICS 532 Rental and leasing services 5,384 5,164 339 -1.25 -558NAICS 533 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets 61 73 4 -4.47 13

NAICS 541 Professional and technical services 61,122 68,362 3851 1640.41 1749

NAICS 551 Management of companies and enterprises 7,844 9,066 494 265.94 462

000 TOTAL 481,594 528,941 30339 -2201.7 19151Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages

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Table 5. Miami-Dade County Core Industry Sectors

NAICS Sub-Sector 2015Growth

from 2012 NS IM RSNAICS 425 Electronic markets 6,560 857 467 -176.69 -1148NAICS 221 Utilities 2,373 453 178 -157.07 -474NAICS 532 Rental and leasing services 5,164 220 339 -1.25 -558NAICS 324 Petroleum products mfg. 746 207 60 -63.51 -204NAICS 453 Miscellaneous store retailers 7,344 152 472 -184.68 -440NAICS 115 Agriculture and forestry support activities 627 141 48 -40.99 -148NAICS 517 Telecommunications 5,836 115 375 -728.86 239


Table 6. Miami-Dade County Commuting PatternsResidence County of Miami-Dade County Workers

2014Count Share

Total Primary Jobs 991,987 100.0%

2014Count Share

Miami-Dade County, FL 743,205 74.9%Broward County, FL 147,522 14.9%Palm Beach County, FL 28,430 2.9%Orange County, FL 8,479 0.9%Hillsborough County, FL 7,094 0.7%Lee County, FL 6,065 0.6%Monroe County, FL 5,685 0.6%Collier County, FL 3,454 0.3%St. Lucie County, FL 3,243 0.3%Brevard County, FL 3,001 0.3%All Other Locations 35,809 3.6%

Table 6 represents where workers in Miami-Dade County live. We see almost 75 percent of people working in the county also live in the county. Broward County, which is just North of Miami-Dade County, accounts for about 15 percent

Strengths and Weaknesses

When it comes to overall employment, we see the trend in Miami-Dade County follow the national trend. Employment in this county is continuously growing with each year. This gives Miami-Dade County the opportunity to grow their less prominent sectors and capitalize those markets.

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Based on the data, we can see that tourism and the county’s proximity to water drive most major sectors in Miami-Dade County. We see extremely high location quotients in both air and water transportation, and the lowest location quotient in animal production and aquaculture. This could be an opportunity for the county to develop this sector. With the amount of water surrounding the county and the everglades, there is an opportunity for this to be a prominent industry in the county.

Health care and education are also large industries in Miami-Dade County. Unfortunately, educational employment is a difficult industry to keep growing without adding more schools or increasing budgets.

Surprisingly, employment growth from 2012 to 2015 was the highest in the electronic markets sector. With a growth rate of 13 percent in just three years, this could be an opportunity for Miami-Dade County to grow this sector even further. With high location quotients in sectors involving transportation, we see that this county is bringing in a lot of jobs in the transportation market. Therefore, they should be focused on heavily.

Most workers in Miami-Dade County live in the county with the second most workers coming from Broward County. Fort Lauderdale, another large tourist destination, is located in Broward County. Other than that, Miami-Dade County is not doing a very good job bringing in workers from counties other than its own and Broward County. The county being mostly surrounded by the ocean and the everglades could probably explain this.

Policy Recommendations

Although employment as a whole has been steadily increasing since the national recession, it is always important to focus on job production and growth. Agriculture and forestry support activities is one of the faster growing industries in the county with a 22 and a half percent increase in jobs from 2012 to 2015. Although there are less than a thousand jobs in this industry, with the amount of access to land and agricultural opportunities in this county, this has the potential to grow into a prominent industry. Going along with this, animal production and aquaculture has the lowest location quotient in the county. The building up of agriculture and forestry could also influence the animal production and aquaculture sector.

With the amount of tourism in the county, it is surprising that general merchandise stores only has a location quotient of 1.13. It is recommended to add more general merchandise stores to the county because there is a large market for these types of stores. Electronics and appliance stores have one of the largest location quotients in the county, so this could be another instance where one sector could benefit from the other.

Various manufacturing industries have very low location quotients, meaning that they are not major sectors in this county. Five out of the eight sub-sectors with the lowest LQ’s are manufacturing industries. These jobs also only make up a small percentage of the labor force in Miami-Dade County. Perhaps funding for these manufacturing industries should be used elsewhere in sectors that have more of a potential to grow. One option would to be to use the money used to fund manufacturing sectors and use it to grow more general merchandise stores. More general merchandise stores attract customers, creating a multiplier effect for the community.

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