community risk reduc0on (crr) leading the way to...

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CommunityRiskReduc0on(CRR)LeadingtheWaytoSafer

Communi0es

CommunityRiskReduc0on(CRR):

OurApproach

CommunityRiskReduc7on(CRR)isaprocesstoiden7fy

andpriori7zelocalrisks,followedbytheintegratedand

strategicinvestmentofresources(emergencyresponse

andpreven7on)toreducetheiroccurrenceandimpact.

OurApproach

IntegratedCommunityRiskReduc0onCoordinatesemergencyoperationswithpreventionandmitigationefforts—community

wideandideallyatthestationlevel.

Anapproachthathelpsto:•  Iden7fyandpriori7zefireandlifesafetyrisks

•  Determinehowtopreventormi7gaterisks

•  Focusyoureffortsandresources

•  Becomemoreofacommunityplayer

•  Benefitthedepartment(enhancedcommunityrela7ons;managecallvolumes;helpwithaccredita7ons,ISO,firefighter&emergencyrespondersafety,16NFFFini7a7ves)

WhatisCRR?

•  Cityandfirebudgetsincreasingscru7nized•  Newandemerginghazardspresent

•  Changingcommunitydemographics

•  Highriskresidentsremainunderserved

•  Improvefirefightersafety&occupa7onalhealth

•  Manageincreasingcallvolume

•  ImprovecommunityRela7ons

WhydoweneedCRR?

Iden0fyRisks

Priori0zeRisks

DevelopStrategies&Tac0cstoMi0gateRisks

PreparetheCRRPlan

ImplementtheCRRPlan

Monitor,EvaluateandModifyPlan

SixStepsoftheCRRApproach

InvolveCommunityPartnersinallSteps

•  PublicHealth•  CERTOrganizers•  SeniorServices•  SocialServices•  Police•  HUDHealthHomes

•  Faith-basedOrganizations•  NeighborhoodAssociations•  LocalBusinesses•  CommunityAdvocates•  AmericanRedCross•  EPA/Radon

Poten+alCommunityPartners

CRRisnotanewconcept…•  Hasbeendoneforseveralyearswithmuchsuccessin:UnitedKingdomNewZealandAustraliaCanada

•  CRRhasalsobeendoneintheUS—althoughsporadicallyandonamuchsmallerscale.

CRRintheUnitedStates…•  Edmonds,WA•  Philadelphia,PA•  Tucson,AZ•  Tuala7nValley,OR•  Tennessee(statewide)•  RioRico,AZ•  SBMFire,MN

CommunityRiskReduc0onImpactVideoUnitedStatesEfforts

RiskHazard

Loss Preven0on Mi0ga0on

Terminology

CRR—Iden0fyandAssessRisks

Risk—Thepoten7althatachosenac7on/ac7vity(includinginac4on)willleadtoanundesirableoutcomeor“loss.”

Hazard—Anaturalorman-madesourceorcauseofharmordifficulty.Ahazardcanbeactualorpoten7al.Knownphysicalfeaturesthatcanigniteandsustaincombus7on,orexis7ngfeatures(naturalormanmade)thathavethepoten7altocausenega7veimpactstolife,propertyand/ornaturalresources.

Terminology

Loss—Death,injury,propertydamage,orotheradverseorunwelcomecircumstance.

Preven0on—Anac7onthatstopssomethingfromhappening.

Mi0ga0on—Anefforttoreducetheimpact/lossofsomething.

Terminologycon4nued…

Preven0onorMi0ga0on?Themilitaryinstallsnewkitchencooktop

technologythatkeepsheatbelowigni0on

temperaturesinallbasehomes.

Preven0on

Mi0ga0on

Preven0onorMi0ga0on?

Acommunityestablishesthegoalsandprovides

resourcestorespondtoallemergenciesin5

minutesorless90%ofthetime.

Iden0fyRisks

Priori0zeRisks


PreparetheCRRPlan

ImplementtheCRRPlan


•  Residen7alfires•  Wildlandfires•  Falls•  Drownings•  Poisonings•  Bicycle&skateboardincidents•  Hazardousmaterialincidents•  Motorvehicleincidents•  Medicalrisks

Risks

Whataresomecommonrisksinyourarea?

•  Fire/EMScalldata

•  Fire/EMSincidentreportdata

•  Dispatchoperators’experience•  Firefighters’experience

Howdoyouknowyourtoprisks?

Keepinmind,evensta0onsneareachothercanfacedifferenttoprisks.

Knowcommonrisksfrom:

•  Whyiseachriskoccurring?

•  Whoisitaffec7ng?

•  Whenisitoccurring?

•  Whereisitoccurring?

LearnMoreAboutEachRisk

Answeringtheseques0onswillhelpyoubrainstormthebeststrategiestoreduceeachriskforyourarea.

Ask:

Whataresomeriskfactorsforhousefires?•  Lowincome•  Lowliteracy•  Peoplewhosmoke•  Youngchildren•  Olderadults•  Peoplewithdisabili7es•  Mul7-familyhomes

•  Collegestudenthousing•  Racialandculturalfactors•  Ruralareas•  Highpopula7on-density

areas•  Olderhomesnotwell

maintained•  Manufacturedhomes

Knowingthesesocial,economicfactors,environmentalelements,culturalinfluences,andriskfactorsinaspecificpopula7on,willhelpyouselect&focuseffec7vestrategies

RiskAssessment:SimpleorSophis7cated

•  Eachengine/laddercompanychoseonehigh-riskArea(ofoneblock).

•  Riskareasweredeterminedbythecompany’srecentfireexperience.

PhiladelphiaExample

RiskAssessment:SimpleorSophis7cated

Wilmington,NCExample•  Residen7alandhomefireincidentdatawerehighlightedinGISmappingtoshow“hot”spots

•  Centraladministra7oniden7fiedsta7onsservingthose“hotspots

Wilmington,NC

Wherearethehigh-riskareas?

Wilmington,NC

Firesta0onsinthehigh-riskareas:

Sta0ons1,3&5

Basedonhistoricalincidentdatafrompreviousyears

Wilmington,NC

Firesta0onsservingtheUniversityofNorthCarolina–Wilmington:

Sta0ons4&8

Risksmayvarybasedonhousing&demographicdata

RiskAssessmentforDeployment

Modelreliesprimarilyonincidentdata—frequency,type,loca7onAlsolowfrequencyratesbuthighrisk(hazardousopera7ons,hospitals,etc.)Helpsdeterminesta7ons,apparatus,personnel,etc.

Demographicdatahelpsto:Learnmoreaboutwholivesintheareawithhighincidentsoffires/EMS.

Focuseffortsmoreefficientlyandeffec7vely.

AmericanFactFinderh^p://fac`inder2.census.gov/www.usa.com

Overall—Priori7zingRiskThinkaboutprobabilityandpoten7alconsequences,priori7zerisks

Solicitinputfromfirefighters,inspectors,inves7gators,communitypartners

Intheend,youmustmaketheharddecisionofwhatrisk(s)tofocuson

CommunityRiskAssessmentGuide

hip://www.strategicfire.org

Iden0fyRisks

Priori0zeRisks


PreparetheCRRPlan

ImplementtheCRRPlan


FiveTypesofPreven0on/Mi0ga0onStrategies

TheFiveE’s

EDUCATION ENGINEERING ENFORCEMENT ECONOMICINCENTIVE

EMERGENCYRESPONSE

EmergencyResponseEffectiveemergencyresponsecanmitigatethelossofanunintentionalinjury,andsavelives.

Examples

Appropriateequipment

Trainedresponders

Timingofresponse

Appropriatestaffing

Efficientuseofresources(targetedtorisk)

Educa7onEducationraisesawarenessandknowledgeofRiresafety,andistheRirststepofproducingdesiredlow-riskbehavior.

Examples

SchoolcurriculumSta7ontoursPresenta7onsDoor-to-door

Flyers/BrochuresAdver7sements/Ar7clesMedia(includingsocial)Websitetools/content

Engineering

Modifyingtheproductortheenvironmenttopreventormitigateinjuryanddeath.

Examples

NewProducts/Technology

Childcarseats AutomobileairbagsFiresprinklersGroundFaultCircuitInterrupter(GFCI)

Helmets(bike&sport)SmokealarmsConstruc7ondesignHeat-regula7ngstoveelementsSmokeAlarms

Enforcement•  Reducerisks(hazards)throughlegislationanditsenforcement.

•  Typicallydonethroughinspectionswithpenaltiesfornoncompliance.

ExamplesFireCodeadopted&enforced

FiresprinklersrequiredFireworksregulated

Smokealarmsrequired

EconomicIncen7vesEconomicincentives($)areofferedtoencouragepeopletomakecertainchoices,orbehaveincertainways.

Examples

Freesmokealarmsandinstalla7onTaxcreditforinstallingsprinklersystem

Construc7onorwatersupplytrade-offsforfiresprinklersFines/penal7esfornon-compliance

Mul7pleE’sExampleHomeSafetyVisits–TheCoreofCRRSuccess•  WhatEstrategiesareusedin“homevisits”?– Educa7on?– Engineering?– Enforcement?– EconomicIncen7ves?– EmergencyResponse?

Educa0on—Talkwithresidentaboutfiresafety,alarmtes7ng&maintenance,andprac7cinghomefireescape.

Engineering—Testandinstallsmokealarms.

Enforcement—Provideforfree;goodforoccupantsandfiredepartment(firefightersafetyisaddedvalue).

E’sforHomeSafetyVisits

HomeVisitsHow-ToGuideHomeSafetyVisit.org

Guidedetailsallthestepsof

planningandimplementinga

homesafetyvisitprogramfor

yourcommunity.

•  Providesaseriesofbriefvideosthatcanbeshownonsmartphonesandtabletcomputerswhendoinghomesafetyvisits.

•  Focusesoncooking,heating,smokealarms&speedofRire.

•  EachvideoavailableinEnglish,AmericanSignLanguage,MandarinChinese,&Spanish.

HomeSafetyVisitApp

•  Designedforhomesafetyvisits;couldbeusedelsewhere

•  Designedtoreachanyone—butespecially:§  Adultswithlowliteracyskills§  Englishasasecondlanguage

•  Self-contained,doesnotneedinternetconnectiononceappisdownloaded

•  AppforiPad,tabletsorsmartphones

HomeSafetyVisitAppcon4nued…

HomeSafetyVisitAppVideo

Iden0fyRisks

Priori0zeRisks


PreparetheCRRPlan

ImplementtheCRRPlan


CommonElements

Integratespreven0on&mi0ga0onstrategies

Inden0fiesac0onitems

Seekstoreducerisk

LocalFocus

Ideally,CRRPlans:

Outlinevision,mission,valuesandpriori0es

Describethecommunity/servicearea

Iden0fyfire/EMSrisks&ranktheir

priority

Iden0fypreven0on/mi0ga0onstrategies

Provideabasicimplementa0onplanforstrategies

Iden0fymeasuresformonitoring&

evalua0on

CommunityRiskReduc0onPlanningGuide

hip://www.strategicfire.org

Iden0fyRisks

Priori0zeRisks


PreparetheCRRPlan

ImplementtheCRRPlan


Howdoyouimplementaprogram?

Iden0fy&allocateneededresources

Preparea0melinewithmilestones

Assignresponsibili0es

Communicategoals&

expecta0ons

Monitorprogress

Makeadjustmentsas

needed

Morethanoneway:

▪Firedepartmentcentered(Wilmington,NC)

▪Communitypartnercentered(Tucson,AZ)

▪Statewide–TennesseeStateFireMarshal

Canbequick&focused…Example:Philadelphia’sOpera+onStayingAlive•  Installed7,000alarmsinonemonth—programcon7nues

•  Involvedeverycompany

•  Eachsta7oniden7fiedownriskareasbasedonexperience

•  Firefightersconductedhomevisitsinteamsoftwo

•  Preven7onstaffcollectedforms&entereddataweekly

•  Reportedprogressweeklytothecommissioner,deputychief,andbaialionchiefs

Orslow,methodical&comprehensive…

Example:MerseysideFire&RescueHomeVisits

•  Doneover12years7me—sustained

•  Visitedvirtuallyeveryhomeindistrict

•  Focusedonbehaviorchange—notjustalarms

•  Reducedfireincidentsby>30%andfiredeathsby>50%overthat7meperiod

Orrelymoreheavilyonapartner…Example:Tucson(AZ)FireDepartment•  DonewiththeSonoranEnvironmentalResearchIns4tute

(SERI)—alreadydoinghomesafetyvisits

•  Minimalfiredepartmentinvolvement/supervision

•  Focusedonbehaviorchange—notjustalarms

•  Gesngintohomesfiredepartmentcouldnot

TucsonFireisnowrevisi0ngtheprogramandgeingfiredepartmentstaffac0velyinvolvedinCRRplanning&implementa0on.

Iden0fy&OvercomeBarrierstoImplementa0onDepartmentcultureLackofconfidenceLackofinterestonthepartofpersonnelTimeconstraintsBudgetaryconstraintsLackofuppermanagementsupportLackoftrustwithcommunitymembersNocommunity(i.e.,industrialarea,wildlandarea)Concernsoverliability,lackoftrainingindoinghomevisitsVolunteervs.paiddepartment–laboragreementsLackofresources

Whataresomemethodsorwaystoovercomethesebarriers,andobstacles?

Vision20/20Study:FirefighterALtudes*

•  RecentnationalRireRightersurveyconductedforVision20/20revealedthatRireRighterssawvalueofCRReffortsinincreasedpublicandRireRightersurvey.

•  Buthighestvaluewasplacedonimprovingcommunityrelations.

•  MaybeahighsellingpointforCRReffortswithintheRireservice.

*Fullreportatwww.strategicfire.org

Iden0fyRisks

Priori0zeRisks


PreparetheCRRPlan

ImplementtheCRRPlan


Iden7fyEvalua7onStages

• Theserviceareariskassessment

• Determiningneedfortheprogram

•  Iden7fyingprogramac7vi7esandresourcesneeded

• Decision-makingaboutwhichriskisappropriateforthesta7on’sfocus

• Determina7onaboutthetargetaudience

Forma0veMeasures

Iden7fyEvalua7onStages

• Trackprogresstowardsgoal

• Example:numberofhomesvisited,smokealarmsinstalled

• Examinestheprocessofprogramdelivery

• Didyouachieveshort(impact)/long-term(outcome)goals?

• Maytakeyearstosee(outcome)

• Example:reduc4oninresiden4alfiresper1,000ci4zensin5-yearperiod

ProcessMeasures

Impact/OutcomeMeasures

Resources

CRROnlineTraining▪www.strategicfire.org:CommunityRiskReduc4ontab▪Freeonlinetraining;overviewofCRRconceptsforthefireservice–IFSTA

ResourceOne

Evalua7onResources

www.strategicfire.org:Webinarsandreport

Vision20/20OnlineTrainingCourseGuidetoEvalua7ngPublicEduca7onPrograms,USFA

hip://www.usfa.fema.gov/preven7on/outreach/fief/

OtherCRRMaterials

•  CRRPostcard

•  CRROneSheetExplana7on

•  CRROverview

•  Videos

AboutUs

Vision20/20ishostedbytheIns0tu0onofFireEngineers,USABranch

Itgrewfromagrassrootsefforttoprovideaforumforsustained,collaborativeplanningtoreduceRirelossintheUnitedStates

Majorfundingsinceinceptionin2008fortheprojectisfromtheFEMAAssistancetoFire/ightersGrants

ThankYou!

community risk reduc0on (crr) leading the way to...

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