Community Survey 2016

Agricultural households

Dr Pali Lehohla Statistics South Africa

Agricultural statistics are key to the measurement of the

performance of the agricultural sector. It is used to inform policies

and strategies on poverty, food security, environmental

sustainability and rural development.

CS2016 shows that around 13,8% (2,33M) of all households in SA

are agricultural households compared to 19,9% (2,88M) in 2011.

The decrease was mainly due to the severe drought in 2014/15.

48 798 69 152

157 510 167 780

225 282 242 594

386 660

495 042

Kw

aZu

lu-N

atal

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

Northern Cape Western Cape Free State North West Mpumalanga Gauteng Limpopo Eastern Cape KwaZulu-Natal

Number of Agricultural households by province

536 225

KwaZulu-Natal has the highest number of Agricultural Households in South Africa

Eastern C

ape

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Western Cape Gauteng North West Northern Cape Free State Mpumalanga KwaZulu-Natal Limpopo Eastern Cape

Eastern Cape has the highest proportion of Agricultural HH

at 27,9%

Percentage of Agricultural households by province

Working Age 15-64, 77,0%

Elderly 65+, 22,9%

Agricultural households by age group 2016

The proportions of Agricultural HH has remained consistent

between CS 2016 and Census 2011

Percentage of Agricultural households by age group and head of household gender

Male Headed Agricultural HH are a larger proportion in

all age groups except 65+

Age

Gro

up

0,1%

1,0%

2,2%

3,1%

4,4%

4,5%

5,5%

6,0%

5,4%

5,5%

5,3%

3,9%

2,5%

1,7%

0,8%

0,6%

0,0%

0,5%

1,3%

2,1%

3,1%

3,2%

4,2%

5,2%

4,9%

4,9%

4,4%

4,3%

3,1%

2,7%

1,6%

1,6%

8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6

< 15

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80-84

>85

Male Female

73,0%

75,2%

76,2%

77,0%

77,7%

78,1%

78,2%

78,3%

81,8%

84,4%

26,8%

24,6%

23,8%

22,9%

22,2%

21,9%

21,8%

21,6%

18,2%

15,6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Eastern Cape

Limpopo

KwaZulu-Natal

South Africa

North West

Mpumalanga

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Free State

Gauteng

Working Age (15 to 64) Elderly 65+

Agricultural households by Province and age group 2016

On average 77,0 % of South African Agricultural Households are within the Working Age (15-64)

* Due to rounding numbers may not add up to 100%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo South Africa

2011 Elderly 65+ 2016 Elderly 65+

Agricultural households by Province and Elderly 65+ age group 2011 vs 2016

For population aged 65+ only Western Cape (7% Point increase from 2011) and Gauteng (4% Point

increase from 2011) were significantly different from Census 2011

15,5%

8,6%

4,6% 3,2%

13,8%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

Black African White Coloured Indian/Asian Total

Agricultural households

Number of agricultural households by population group

Black Africans have the highest proportion of households involved in Agricultural

Households

The majority (56,3%) of Agricultural HH have between

Grade 1 and Grade 11 Education

Percentage of agricultural households by Education Level: No Schooling

3,6%

7,6%

10,7%

16,7% 17,2% 18,6%

22,7% 24,0%

26,3%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Western Cape Gauteng Free State North West Eastern Cape South Africa KwaZulu-Natal Limpopo Mpumalanga

While only 3,6% of WC Agricultural HH have No Schooling 32,1% of WC

Agricultural Households have Tertiary Education, possibly also reflecting on the leisure

aspect of farming in WC

Agricultural HH main purpose of involvement in agricultural activities: For leisure/ hobby 2016

3,1% 4,8% 5,0% 5,3% 6,1% 6,8% 6,8%

11,0% 11,0%

26,9%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Eastern Cape Mpumalanga Free State North West KwaZulu-Natal Limpopo South Africa Northern Cape Gauteng Western Cape

26,9% of Western Cape Agricultural Households

participated in this activity with the main purpose of

Leisure/Hobby

The number of agricultural households in the country decreased

by 19,1% (550 000) from 2,88 million in Census 2011 to 2,33

million in Community Survey 2016

Drought conditions have prevailed in South Africa

2013/14 2014/15 2015/16

South Africa

-19,1%

LP -2,8%

MP -1,3%

KZN -6,3%

EC -3,5%

FS -1,5%

NW -1,6%

NC -0,2%

WC -0,5%

GP -1,3%

The major contributing provinces to the

decrease are KwaZulu-Natal (-6,3% points

or 180 781 agricultural households),

Eastern Cape (-3,5% points or 101 531) and

Limpopo (-2,8% points or 81 834).

Contributing provinces to the decrease shown in percentage point change

Agricultural Households vary in reason for pursuing this activity

Agricultural HH Main purpose of involvement in agricultural activities

Other, 1,6% Extra

source of household income, 4,7% Main

source of household income, 5,7%

For leisure/ hobby, 6,8%

Extra source of household food,

37,5%

Main source of

household food, 43,7%

81,2% of Agricultural HH

list source of food (extra or main) as the

key reason for agricultural

activities

25,4%

29,9%

38,6%

40,8%

43,5%

43,7%

44,1%

45,2%

48,0%

52,7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Western Cape

Northern Cape

Limpopo

KwaZulu-Natal

Gauteng

South Africa

North West

Free State

Mpumalanga

Eastern Cape

Agricultural HH main purpose of involvement in agricultural activities: Main Source of Food

Over twice as many Agricultural HH in EC conduct agricultural activities with the purpose being main source of

food compared to Western Cape

Location of farming practice

Distribution of agricultural households by main place of agricultural activities and population group of the household head

85,8%

58,7%

85,5% 90,3%

6,4%

37,9%

9,0% 6,7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Black African White Coloured Indian/Asian

Back yard Farm land Communalland

School, church or other organisationalland

Other

Significant difference between the White and Other

population groups in regards to main place of activity

Agricultural Households engage in a variety of activities

10 956

44 917

399 151

574 684

873 355

990 210

1 120 233

0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000

Industrialcrops

Other

Fruit production

Grain and foodcrops

Vegetable production

Livestock production

Poultry production

South Africa

Number of agricultural households involved in a specific activity

Mpumalanga, 40,5%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Both irrigarion and dry land

Free State, 39,0%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Irrigation

Number of agricultural households (crop production) by farming practice

Northern Cape, 46,3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Western Cape

Eastern Cape

Northern Cape

Free State

KwaZulu-Natal

North West

Gauteng

Mpumalanga

Limpopo

South Africa

Dry land

3,2 Million

0 1 2 3 4

Free State

Western Cape

Gauteng

Mpumalanga

North West

Northern Cape

Limpopo

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Millions

Goats

2,8 Million

0 1 2 3

Gauteng

Northern Cape

Western Cape

Limpopo

Mpumalanga

Free State

North West

Kwazulu-Natal

Eastern Cape

Millions

Cattle

7,6 Million

0 4 8

Gauteng

Limpopo

Kwazulu-Natal

North West

Mpumalanga

Western Cape

Free State

Northern Cape

Eastern Cape

Millions

Sheep

Number of livestock by type at household level and province

The Eastern Cape leads in absolute number of various types of livestock

within the country

Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo

100+ 5,7% 19,7% 7,0% 19,0% 10,3% 16,3% 4,9% 10,8% 6,4%

11-100 1,3% 22,8% 3,5% 5,2% 27,0% 10,4% 3,5% 11,1% 15,3%

1-10 0,4% 34,1% 1,4% 4,7% 28,9% 7,1% 1,3% 8,0% 14,1%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Free State has a significant number of Larger scale (100+) Agricultural HH engaging in Cattle farming within South Africa as a whole, however KZN and Eastern Cape dominate smaller scale cattle farming

Provincial distribution of agricultural households engaged in Cattle farming (percentage) within SA as a whole

Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape Free State KwaZulu-Natal North West Gauteng Mpumalanga Limpopo

100+ 12,1% 35,6% 19,8% 15,9% 3,6% 4,9% 1,2% 5,7% 1,3%

11-100 1,7% 65,6% 5,5% 3,7% 5,5% 7,7% 3,8% 2,7% 3,9%

1-10 1,4% 50,0% 4,9% 3,7% 13,9% 10,2% 3,4% 3,7% 8,8%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Eastern Cape and Northern Cape, have between them over 55% of all larger scale (100+) sheep farming Agricultural HH within South Africa. EC also dominates sheep farming of flocks between 11 and 100

Provincial distribution of agricultural households engaged in sheep farming (percentage) within SA as a whole

However significant increases in number of Agricultural HH involved in small scale (1-10 animals) pig farming From just around 100 000 to 192 000 AH between 2011 and 2016 due in large part to 77 000 increase of small scale AH in the Eastern Cape engaging in Pig Farming

-7,4% between 2011 and 2016

+6,5% between 2011 and 2016

Up 91,1 % between 2011 and 2016

Small scale farming in SA (1 -10 Animals)

-15,0% between 2011 and 2016

Number of agricultural households grouped by number of Animals (1 – 10)

between 2016 and 2011

Municipal Focus

Agricultural HH by Municipality Census 2011

35,4% of the households in Eastern Cape were engaged in agriculture, followed by Limpopo (33,0%) and KwaZulu-Natal (28,2%)

Agricultural HH by Municipality Census 2011

Census 2011

Agricultural HH by Municipality CS 2016

The highest proportion of agricultural households are still in Eastern Cape (27,9%), Limpopo (24,1%) and KwaZulu-Natal (18,6%).

Agricultural HH by Municipality CS 2016

CS 2016

Decreases in Agricultural Households between 2011 and 2016

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Mtu

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Um

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Map

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mu

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Nka

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-35%

-30%

-25%

-20%

-15%

-10%

-5%

0%

Top 10 Percentage Point Decrease in Agricultural HH by Municipality Between Census 2011 and CS 2016

Umhlabuyalingana had a 31,6 Percentage Point decrease in the number of Agricultural HH from 59,4% in 2011 to 27,8% in 2016

%

KwaZulu-Natal has faced significant decreases in number of Agricultural HH

Top 10 Percentage Point Decrease in Agricultural HH by Municipality Between Census 2011 and CS 2016

Top 10 Percentage Point Decrease in Agricultural HH by Municipality Between Census 2011 and CS 2016

According to the World Food Summit, food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active life (FAO, 1996). Food security was prioritised by the South African government in 2010 and is closely linked to source of income, household structure, health, access to water and education (Du Toit, 2011).

Percentage of Households who skipped a meal in the past 12 months CS 2016

Percentage of Households who skipped a meal in the past 12 months CS 2016

%

Percentage of Households that Ran out of money to buy food in past 12 months

Around one-fifth (19,9%) of

households in the country reported that they had run out of money to

buy food in the past 12 months.

Percentage of Households that Ran out of money to buy food in past 12 months

%