comp3 unit13a lecture slides

8/12/2019 Comp3 Unit13a Lecture Slides

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Terminology in Healthcare and

Public Health SettingsPublic Health and Healthcare System

TerminologyLecture a Public Health TerminologyThis material Comp3_Unit13 was developed by The University of Alabama at Birmingham, funded by the Department of Health

and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number1U24OC000023


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Public Health TerminologyLearning Objectives

2

Define frequently used public health terms

Identify distinguishing features of public health

Identify categories and factors that influence health Identify terms commonly used as measures of health

status

Health IT Workforce CurriculumVersion 3.0/Spring 2012

Terminology in Healthcare and Public Health SettingsPublic Health and Healthcare System TerminologyLecture a


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Public Health Definitions

improving health, prolonging life andimproving the quality of life among wholepopulations through health promotion,disease prevention and other forms of healthintervention .

Source: (World Health Organization, 1998)

3Health IT Workforce CurriculumVersion 3.0/Spring 2012



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Public Health Definitions

Specific Institute of Medicine

the science and art of preventing disease ,prolonging life, and promoting health andefficiency through organized community effortfor sanitation of the environment, the controlof communicable diseases , the education ofthe individual in personal hygiene...

Source: (IOM, 1998)




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Public Health Terms

Health General condition of the body and mind Presence or absence of illnesses, injuries, or

impairments

Prevention Action taken to prevent the occurrence of an

event or to minimize its effects after it hasoccurred

Source: (Turnock, 2007. p. 254)




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Public Health Terms

Promotion Strategy that seeks to eliminate or reduce

exposures to harmful factors by modifyinghuman behaviors

Source: (Turnock, 2007. p. 255)




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Public Health Terms

Communicable disease Infectious

Transmitted from one individual to another Directly by contact

Sneezing Coughing

Indirectly

Contaminated food Contaminated water




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Features of Public Health

Focus Preventive aspects of health Not curative Population-level health issues Not individual-level




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Features of Public Health

Public health services can be divided into three majorcategories Assessment

Policy Development Assurance

Source: (Public Health Functions Project, 2000)




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Public Health Terms

Assessment Monitoring health/surveillance Diagnosing

Investigating health problems and health hazards Policy Development

Policies and plans Support individual and community health efforts Educate about health issues Mobilize community resources




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Defining Health

Individual health is closely linked tocommunity health the health of thecommunity in which individuals live, work,and play. Likewise, community health is

profoundly affected by the collectivebeliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of

everyone who lives in the community.

Source: (DHHS, 2000)




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Defining Health

Health as an outcome Result of actions to produce it

Diet and exercise Preventive measures Seeking medical attention




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Factors that Influence Health

Heredity Race/ethnicity

Gender Income Education

Geography

Source: (Encyclopedia.com)



Exposure to violent crime Exposure to

environmental agents Exposure to infectious

diseases

Access to and availabilityof healthcare


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Public Health Terms

Control of disease Reduction of disease

Locally acceptable level Result of deliberate efforts Continued intervention measures

Source: (Communicable Disease Control)




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Measurement of Health Status

Morbidity The relative incidence of a particular disease

Mortality The number of deaths that occur at a specific

time, in a specific group, or from a specificcause

Source: (CDC, West Nile. 2010)


Terminology in Healthcare and Public Health SettingsPublic Health and Healthcare System Terminology

Lecture a


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Birth rate Number of live births per one thousand women

Fertility rate Number of live births per one

thousand women between fifteenand forty-four years of age, generally considered awoman's prime childbearing years

Source: (CDC, Births, 2010)(Sutton, 2010)



Lecture a


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Infant Mortality Number of live born infants who die

before their first birthday per onethousand live births

Life expectancy Number of additional years of life

expected at a specific point in time, suchas at birth or at age 45

Source: (Mortality data, 2010)



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Epidemiology Study of distribution and causes of health-related

states or events in populations Application of the study to control health

Source: (CDC Glossary)



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Epidemiology Study of distribution and causes of health-related

states or events in populations Application of the study to control health

Surveillance Systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and

dissemination of health data Ongoing basis Patterns of disease and potential in a community Goal = to control and prevent disease in the

community




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Epidemic Occurrence of more cases of disease than expectedin a given area or among a specific group of peopleover a particular period of time

Pandemic Epidemic occurring in a wide geographical area and

usually affecting large part of population

Endemic Constant presence of a disease or infection within a

geographic area or population group.




Lecture a


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Healthcare Systems and PublicHealth Terminology

Summary

Lecture a Public health terms are important in

understanding the US healthcare system

Epidemiology, surveillance and healthstatus are important determinants in thehealth of the nation



Lecture a


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ReferencesReferences CDC, Births and natality. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available from:

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/births.htm CDC, Deaths and mortality. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Internet]. [updated 2012 Jan 27].

Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htm CDC, Glossary of Epidemiology Terms. Public Health Foundation. 2006. Available from:

http://www.cdc.gov/excite/library/glossary.htm CDC, Heart disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[Internet]. [Updated 2010 Dec 21]. Available

from: http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm ) CDC, Mortality data. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. [Updated 2010 Dec 21]. Available

from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/deaths.htm CDC, West Nile virus. Division of vector-borne diseases. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Internet].

[updated 2010 Dec 21]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/surv&controlCaseCount09_detailed.htm

Communicable Disease Control. Encyclopedia of Public Health. Ed. Lester Breslow. Vol. 1. Gale Cengage, 2002. Available from: http://www.enotes.com/communicable-disease-control-reference/

International Comparisons of Health Care. The Health Care System. [Internet]. 2009. Available from:http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-1839000013.html

IOM, Future of public health. Institute of Medicine. [Internet]. [1998]. Available from:http://www.iom.edu/Reports/1988/The-Future-of-Public-Health.aspx



Lecture a
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/births.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/excite/library/glossary.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/deaths.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/surv&controlCaseCount09_detailed.htmhttp://www.enotes.com/communicable-disease-control-reference/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-1839000013.htmlhttp://www.iom.edu/Reports/1988/The-Future-of-Public-Health.aspxhttp://www.iom.edu/Reports/1988/The-Future-of-Public-Health.aspxhttp://www.iom.edu/Reports/1988/The-Future-of-Public-Health.aspxhttp://www.iom.edu/Reports/1988/The-Future-of-Public-Health.aspxhttp://www.iom.edu/Reports/1988/The-Future-of-Public-Health.aspxhttp://www.iom.edu/Reports/1988/The-Future-of-Public-Health.aspxhttp://www.iom.edu/Reports/1988/The-Future-of-Public-Health.aspxhttp://www.iom.edu/Reports/1988/The-Future-of-Public-Health.aspxhttp://www.iom.edu/Reports/1988/The-Future-of-Public-Health.aspxhttp://www.iom.edu/Reports/1988/The-Future-of-Public-Health.aspxhttp://www.iom.edu/Reports/1988/The-Future-of-Public-Health.aspxhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-1839000013.htmlhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-1839000013.htmlhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-1839000013.htmlhttp://www.enotes.com/communicable-disease-control-reference/http://www.enotes.com/communicable-disease-control-reference/http://www.enotes.com/communicable-disease-control-reference/http://www.enotes.com/communicable-disease-control-reference/http://www.enotes.com/communicable-disease-control-reference/http://www.enotes.com/communicable-disease-control-reference/http://www.enotes.com/communicable-disease-control-reference/http://www.enotes.com/communicable-disease-control-reference/http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/surv&controlCaseCount09_detailed.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/deaths.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/excite/library/glossary.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/excite/library/glossary.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/births.htm


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ReferencesReferences (continued) Healthy people 2010: understanding and improving health. US Department of Health and Human Services.

[Internet]. 2000. Available from: http://www.healthypeople.gov Public health functions project [Internet]. [Updated 2000 Nov 28]. Available from:

http://www.health.gov/phfunctions/public.htm

Sutton P, Hamilton BE. Recent trends in births and fertility rates through June 2010. Center for Disease Controland Prevention [updated 2010 Dec 21]. Available from:http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/births_fertility_2010/births_fertility_2010.pdf

Turnock BJ. Essentials of public health. Boston: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2007. World Health Organization. Health promotion glossary. Geneva (Switzerland): WHO; 1998. 36 p. Available from:

http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/hp_glossary_en.pdf

Images

Slide 6, 11, 18, 19 : Microsoft clip art; Used with permission from Microsoft Slide 9: Public Health Pie Chart Available from: http://www.health.gov/phfunctions/pulic.htm

25Health IT Workforce CurriculumVersion 3 0/Spring 2012

http://www.healthypeople.gov/http://www.health.gov/phfunctions/public.htmhttp://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/births_fertility_2010/births_fertility_2010.pdf&ei=Img0T6DmOc6ctweDsI2iAg&sa=X&oi=unauthorizedredirect&ct=targetlink&ust=1328836394949407&usg=AFQjCNHHuLJZbTL6hAE-f9xMmmUo1Iz-SQhttp://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/hp_glossary_en.pdfhttp://www.health.gov/phfunctions/pulic.htmhttp://www.health.gov/phfunctions/pulic.htmhttp://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/hp_glossary_en.pdfhttp://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/hp_glossary_en.pdfhttp://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/births_fertility_2010/births_fertility_2010.pdf&ei=Img0T6DmOc6ctweDsI2iAg&sa=X&oi=unauthorizedredirect&ct=targetlink&ust=1328836394949407&usg=AFQjCNHHuLJZbTL6hAE-f9xMmmUo1Iz-SQhttp://www.health.gov/phfunctions/public.htmhttp://www.health.gov/phfunctions/public.htmhttp://www.healthypeople.gov/

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