company overview - madrigalpharma.com · data confirm mgl-3196’s high liver uptake and...
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Any statements, other than statements of historical facts, made in this presentation regarding our future financial or business performance, conditions, plans, prospects, trends, or strategies and other financial and business matters; our ability to obtainadditional financing; the estimated size of the market for our product candidates, the timing and success of our development and commercialization of our anticipated product candidates; and the availability of alternative therapies for our target market, are, or may be deemed, forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “continue,” “design,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “seek” or the negative of these words and similar expressions and their variants may identify forward-looking statements.
These forward-looking statements reflect management’s current expectations, are based on certain assumptions and involve certain risks and uncertainties, which change over time. Our actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in these forward-looking statements due to various factors. Important factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from theresults discussed in these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, risks related to securing and maintainingrelationships with collaborators; risks relating to our clinical trials; risks relating to the commercialization, if any, of our proposed product candidates (such as marketing, regulatory, product liability, supply, competition, and other risks); dependence on the efforts of third parties; dependence on intellectual property; and risks related to our cash resources and ability to obtain working capital to fund our proposed operations. Further information regarding on the factors that could affect our business, financial conditions and results of operations are contained our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, which are available at www.sec.gov. These forward-looking statements represent management’s expectations as of the date hereof only, and we specifically disclaim any duty or obligation to update forward-looking statements as a result of subsequent events or developments, except as required by law.
Forward Looking Statements
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Madrigal Investment Highlights
Multiple Possible Value-Creating Catalysts over Next 18 Months
MGL-3196: First-in-Class Thyroid Hormone Receptor (THR)-β Agonist
Large & Underserved Markets in NASH & Dyslipidemia
Seasoned Management Team
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Madrigal’s Team: Led by an Experienced Management Team with Multiple Successful NDA/MAAs and Marketed Products
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Paul Friedman, M.D.
Chairman and CEO
Former CEO of Incyte
Former President of R&D at Dupont Pharmaceuticals
Marc Schneebaum
CFO, SVP
Former CFO, SVP at Synta
Former CEO at Predictive Biosciences
Rebecca Taub, M.D.
CMO, EVP R&D
Founder of Madrigal
Aided in discover of Eliquisand MGL-3196 at Roche
Pipeline: Madrigal has Two Phase 2 Programs and Is Nearing Potential Phase 3 Initiation
Compound Indication Pre-Clinical Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Upcoming Catalysts
MGL-3196Thyroid Hormone Receptor-β (THR-β) Agonist
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Phase 3 initiation
FH / Dyslipidemia Potential Phase 3 in FH
and/or mixed dyslipidemias
MGL-3745THR-β Agonist
NASH and FH / Dyslipidemia
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Madrigal is focused on the development of its pipeline of THR-β agonists for the treatment of NASH and Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) / Dyslipidemia
Unmet Need: Madrigal Aims to Treat Patients with NASH, a Large and Underserved Population
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~3-5% of the US population has NASH
NAFLD is the most common liver disease world-wide~25% of US population
Rapid progression, <2 years 25% of NASH Stage 3 fibrosis progress to cirrhosis
NASH is the most severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Characterized by inflammation and damage caused by a buildup of fat in the liver that leads to cirrhosis, fibrosis, and cell death
Develops most often in patients with obesity/metabolic syndrome, diabetes and dyslipidemia
NASH represents an indication with significant unmet need
Estimated to affect 3-5% of the US adult population
Expected to be the leading cause of liver transplant
There are currently no approved therapies for the treatment of NASH
Mechanism of Action: The Importance of Liver THR-β in NASH
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Lowers LDL-cholesterol Lowers triglycerides Lowers liver fat, potentially
reducing lipotoxicity, NASH
No thyrotoxicosis (THR-α effect)
In humans, THR-β agonism:
Unlike other pathways which raise LDL-cholesterol (FXR, FGF-19) or triglycerides (ACC1 antagonist), THR-β agonism reduces both plasma triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol and may provide CV benefit to NASH patients
We believe that MGL-3196, a selective THR-β agonist, will treat the underlying disease in NASH patients
T4, prohormoneT3, active hormoneTSH, thyroid stimulating hormone
Nuc
Thyr
oid
Hor
mon
e R
ecep
tor α
or β
Lipotoxicity: THR-β Agonists May Reduce Lipotoxicity
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Most hepatic fat derives from external sources, particularly free fatty acids from adipocytes; in NASH, β-oxidation of liver lipids is reduced contributing to lipotoxicity
THR-β agonists reduce liver fat through breakdown of fatty acids, and stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in the NASH liver, thus, we believe, reducing lipotoxicity and improving liver function
In human NASH, the liver has relatively low THR-β activity, exacerbating mitochondrial dysfunction and lipotoxicity
We believe MGL-3196 has pleiotropic effects characteristic of an “ideal” NASH drug, with potential for addressing the underlying metabolic syndrome and hallmark features of NASH: steatosis/lipotoxicity, inflammation, ballooning, fibrosis (both directly and indirectly)
Treating NASH, rather than fibrosis, is key to addressing the disease
— Resolution of NASH, without reducing fibrosis, is an approvable endpoint
— Recognition that liver fibrosis will decrease with time after NASH resolves (similar to reduction of fibrosis as the liver regenerates after cure of HCV)
β-oxidation of fat in mitochondria
Sinha and Yen Cell Biosci (2016) 6:46DOI 10.1186/s13578-016-0113-7; Autophagy, 11:8, 1341-1357, DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1061849
MGL-3196: A First-in-Class Liver-Directed THR- β Agonist
We believe MGL-3196 is the first bona fide THR-β selective molecule with key advantages over other companies’ previous analogues
Discovery of MGL-3196 and backups at Roche utilized a novel functional assay that went beyond what previous companies had done (simple receptor binding assay)— Earlier compounds from other companies, purported to be THR-β selective, show no functional selectivity in this assay and, like
thyroid hormone, activate the THR-α receptor equally well as the β receptor
in vivo data confirm MGL-3196’s high liver uptake and preclinical safety— Avoids activity at the systemic THR-α receptor (increased heart rate, osteoporosis) — Unlike other company’s earlier thyroid receptor agonists, no cartilage findings in chronic toxicology or liver enzyme increases in
human studies— Tested in more than 180 subjects in Phase 1 studies and 150 patients in Phase 2 studies— Phase 2 dosing in humans includes 9 months of treatment in humans with NASH— MGL-3196 treated healthy volunteers and patients show normal central thyroid axis and vital signs
J Med Chem. 2014;57(10):3912-3923
less α potent
m
ore ß selectiveα-potency (nM)
β/α relative to T3
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
-500 500 1500 2500 3500 4500
Thyroid Hormone (T3) MB07811 (GC1)MGL-3196 EprotiromeKB
GC-1
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MGL-3196: Improved Safety Profile Relative to T3
******
******
Significantly reduced bone mineral density with T3
p<.05*p<.01**P<.001***
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****** *****
T3
MGL-3196
Thyroid hormone (T3, thyroxine) treatment may cause osteoporosis
24d study in 40 week old diet-induced obese (DIO) mice on High Fat Diet (HFD) for 38 weeks
BMJ 2011;342:d2238 10
Preclinical: MGL-3196 Proof-of-Concept Well Established in Animal Models
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Reduced Hepatic TGs Improved Insulin Sensitivity
Reduced Liver Enzymes Improved Liver Histology All NASH Components
Liver Triglycerides
***
** *
***
* p<0.05
*
Insulin Tolerance Test (0.5 U/kg insulin)
ALT
************
Liver Fat (Histology)
MGL-3196Control
MGL-3196: Reduction of Key NASH, Fibrosis Pathway Genes at Human Comparable Drug Levels
TIMP1 tissue inhibitor metalloproteinaseCTGF connective tissue growth factorSMA smooth muscle actinSAA serum amyloid ACRP C-reactive protein
“HFD”, lane 1 mean HFD gene expression normalized to mean Lean; Lanes (2-7) mean gene expression normalized to mean of DIO; “Rosi” (rosiglitazone, 3 mg/kg, 24 wks) Red, higher expression; blue decreased expression
Inflammation HFD Lean 0.1 0.3 1 3 RosiMCP-1/CCL2MIP-2α/CXCL2MIP-2ß/CXLCL3A20/TNFaip3CRPAnnexin 2SAA1FibrosisCollagen 1Galectin-3TIMP1Collagen 4a2SMACollagen 4a1CTGFKeratin 18Collagen 3Galectin-1
25 week study in lean control mice and HFD mice treated with Vehicle, 0.1 to 3 mg/kg MGL-3196 or Rosiglitazone (3mg/kg)
Bad Good
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
MGL-3196 (mg/kg)
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Phase 1: Robust LDL and Triglyceride Lowering Established in 14 Day Multiple Ascending Dose Study
Once daily oral treatment led to highly statistically significant and dose-dependent up to ~30% reduction of apolipoprotein B (ApoB), total, LDL, non-HDL cholesterol; Strong trends in triglyceride reduction up to 60%;
Near maximal effect at 80 mg dose
Change from Baseline (CFB) by mean % CFB calculated for each individual subject 24h after 14th dose; baseline value obtained just prior to first dose; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; Chol, total cholesterol; LDL-C, LDL cholesterol directly measured; Non-HDL-C, non-HDL cholesterol; TG, triglycerides (median %CFB)
*** p<0.001 ** p<0.01 * p≤0.05 “p≤0.1
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*** *
*
*
“
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Six dose cohorts, 36 total healthy volunteers dosed daily with MGL-3196 (5, 20, 50, 80, 100, or 200 mg) and 12 with placebo for 14 days
Healthy volunteers with slightly elevated LDL cholesterol (> 110 mg/dL)
Well-tolerated, appeared safe at all doses tested
No effect on vital signs, heart rate, central thyroid axis, or liver enzymes
MGL-3196: Phase 1 and Long-term Dosing in Humans
Single Ascending Dose (SAD) study Multiple Ascending Dose (MAD) study Phase 1 studies dosing MGL-3196 with statins and mass balance study Phase 1 tablet formulation study of MGL-3196
Number of patients treated— Tested in more than 180 subjects in Phase 1 studies and 150 patients in Phase 2 studies— MGL-3196 well-tolerated in clinical dosing, normal thyroid axis and vital signs, without liver
enzyme increases
Lipid lowering— Robust, pleiotrophic anti-atherogenic lipid lowering properties— In Phase 1 healthy volunteer and Phase 2 heterozygous familial cholesterolemia (HeFH) studies
lowered LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) up to 30%,apolipoprotein B (ApoB) 28%, lipoprotein(a) Lp(a) up to 40%, triglycerides (TGs) up to 40%, and ApoCIII
Series of GLP toxicology and CMC studies support all indications— Manufacturing and product formulation— Chronic toxicology package— Phase 3-enabling
Atherosclerosis 230 (2013) 373-380
Completed:
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Phase 2: MGL-3196 Trial Design is Targeted at Highly Relevant Primary and Secondary Endpoints
Inclusion/Exclusion
NASH on liver biopsy: NAS≥4 with fibrosis
≥10% liver fat on MRI-PDFF
Include diabetics, statin therapy
Comparator/Arms
MGL-3196 or Placebo, once daily
Primary Endpoint
Reduction of liver fat (MRI-PDFF) at 12 weeks
Secondary Endpoints
NASH biomarkers and lipids at 12, 36 weeks
Repeat MRI-PDFF at 36 weeks
Liver biopsy at 36 weeks - reduction/resolution of NASH in patients on drug; reduction of fibrosis
Ongoing extension study in a subset of patients who completed the Main 36 week study
Design
Stage
Drug MGL-3196
Blinded 2:1
Phase 2
Number of Patients
Centers
Treatment Duration
125, Fully Enrolled
~30, USA
36 Weeks
Study Overview Study Details
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Phase 2: Primary Endpoint Achieved at 12 Weeks
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p<0.0001
p<0.0001
*p<0.02
*compared with placebo **within group p-value
p<0.0001
p<0.0001
*p<0.04
Primary endpoint was met: Relative change in MRI-PDFF (% change from baseline (median)) and absolute fat reduction were both highly significant
Prespecified high exposure MGL-3196 patients achieved a 75% response for ≥30% liver fat reduction
No effect of MGL-3196 on body weight; 5 out of the 7 placebo patients who achieved ≥ 30% fat reduction lost ≥5% body weight
p<0.0001
*p<0.02
p<0.0001
**
Phase 2: Reduction at Week 12 of Liver Enzymes and Markers of Inflammation, Fibrosis
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Decrease in liver enzymes is correlated with improvement in NASH on serial liver biopsy. Significant decrease in ALT, AST (within group MGL-3196); significant decrease in ALT (patients with ALT* elevations at baseline) and AST (p=0.04, 0.02, respectively) compared with placebo in high MGL-3196 patients
Pro-C3 and ELF scores have been correlated with the liver fibrosis score on liver biopsy in NASH patients. MGL-3196 significantly decreases ELF and Pro-C3 (up to 40% relative to placebo) fibrosis biomarkers particularly in patients with > normal level at baseline reflective of more advanced baseline liver fibrosis
Multiparametric MRI has been validated as a predictive test for NASH, and the CT1 predicts NAS on liver biopsy, particularly correlating with inflammation. Significant decrease in MGL-3196 treated patients.
Significant decrease in reverse T3 (p<0.0001), an inflammatory biomarker that is relatively increased in patients with NASH, particularly advanced NASH
*Baseline ALT, >=45 males; >=30 femalesdoi: 10.1210/en.2014-1302) Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018;16:123–131
**within group p-value
**
Chan
ge in
ALT
(U/L
)
Chan
ge in
AST
(U/L
)
Phase 2: MGL-3196 Achieved Primary and Key Secondary Liver Biopsy Endpoints in NASH at 36 Weeks
MGL-3196
MGL-3196 MRI-PDFF Responders¹ Placebo
36 Week Biopsy Results (Secondary Endpoints)
Number of patients2 73 46 34
≥ 2 Point Decrease in NAS
56%p=0.02
70%p=0.001 32%
NASH Resolution 27%p=0.02
39%p=0.001 6%
Sustained, highly statistically significant (p<0.0001) reduction in liver fat compared with placebo on Week 36 MRI-PDFF; mean fat reduction MGL-3196 37%; placebo, 8.9%
Sustained, statistically significant reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), ApoB, triglycerides, and lipoprotein(a)
Well-tolerated: mostly mild and a few moderate AEs, generally balanced between drug treated and placebo
— An increase in incidence of transient mild diarrhea in MGL-3196-treated compared with placebo, often a single episode, occurring only early in the course of treatment
— 7 reported SAEs all unrelated to drug; 5 in MGL-3196-treated, 2 placebo (2-1 randomization)
¹ MGL-3196 MRI-PDFF Responders = MGL-3196 treated patients with >=30% relative fat reduction on Week 12 MRI-PDFF.
2 Includes only patients with base line and end-of-study liver biopsies. Does not include one patient whose end-of-study liver biopsy was deemed inadequate.
Phase 2 liver biopsy results demonstrate the potential for MGL-3196 to show a clear benefit in patients with NASH, including both reduction and resolution of NASH and improvement in multiple atherogenic lipids
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Phase 2: MGL-3196 Achieved Primary and Key Secondary Liver Biopsy Endpoints in NASH at 36 Weeks
Positive Signals on Fibrosis Statistically significant reductions in fibrosis biomarkers in MGL-3196 treated vs placebo On liver biopsy, fibrosis was reduced by ≥ 1 point in 29% of MGL-3196 treated patients
vs. 23% in placebo Of the MGL-3196 treated patients that achieved NASH resolution, 50% also achieved
fibrosis resolution All MGL-3196 treated patients that achieved NASH resolution also achieved a statistically
significantly fibrosis decrease relative to placebo patients
Reductions in Liver Enzyme Levels Statistically significant reductions in liver enzymes relative to placebo, with reductions of
greater magnitude with longer duration of MGL-3196 treatment Statistically significantly more MGL-3196 treated than placebo patients had
normalization of ALT
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FH: In addition to NASH, Madrigal also Targeted Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Phase 2 Trial
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HeFH and HoFH caused primarily by inactivating mutations in LDL receptor
Early onset cardiovascular disease, HoFH < age 20
Associated with several of potentially severe cardiovascular diseases including coronary heart disease, carotid artery disease, and chronic kidney disease
Severe Debilitating
Dyslipidemia
Novel Therapeutic Approaches
Needed
1/200-1/500 HeFH; 1/250,000-1/1,000,000 HoFH
Higher frequency in certain genetically homogeneous populations
High prevalence for a genetic disease
High Genetic Prevalence
Despite current and newer therapies, HoFH and most HeFH not achieving treatment goals on standard care
Significant commercial opportunity for MGL-3196 in HoFH, refractory HeFH
FH: Phase 2 HeFH Clinical Trial Which Read Out in 2018
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Inclusion/Exclusion
HeFH on maximally tolerated statins (typically high dose), ezetimibe
Comparator/Arms
MGL-3196 or Placebo, once daily
Primary Endpoint
LDL cholesterol lowering
Secondary Endpoints
TGs, Lp(a), ApoB lowering
Safety
Design
Stage
Drug MGL-3196
2:1
Phase 2
Number of Patients
Centers
Treatment Duration
116, fully enrolled
13, Europe
12 weeks
Study Overview Study Details
Phase 2: MGL-3196 Achieved Primary and Secondary Endpoints in Patients with HeFH
ALL MGL-3196
Optimal MGL-31962
Total patients/MGL-3196 113/76 76/39
Primary Endpoint:Pbo-adjusted reduction of
LDL-cholesterol 1 -18.8%p<0.0001
-21.0%p<0.0001
Secondary Endpoints: p<0.0001 for all endpointsPbo-adjusted reduction of
Triglycerides
ApoB
Lp(a)
-25 to -31%
~-20%
-25 to -40%
Baseline characteristics balanced between placebo (pbo) and MGL-3196-treated; 75% taking high intensity statins (20/40 mg rosuvastatin or 80 mg atorvastatin), and about 2/3 of patients also taking ezetimibe
Statistically significant improvements in multiple lipid biomarkers (LDL-C, ApoB, Lp(a), triglycerides, ApoCIII) represents a novel and differentiated lipid-management profile with respect to other statin-sparing oral treatments
Efficacy in moderate to low/no statin subgroup -28.5% LDL-C lowering (p<0.0001) supports the use of MGL-3196 for HeFH and other high CV risk patients whose LDL-C is not at target despite maximally tolerated lipid-lowering therapies
Well-tolerated with mostly mild and a few moderate AEs balanced between placebo and drug-treated groups; 2 SAEs (1 each in pbo and drug-treated group (unrelated to treatment)
¹ Data are presented using standard convention for lipid endpoints, as placebo-adjusted or compared to the placebo group, which exhibited ~8% upward LDL drift from baseline during the 12 week study that would occur equally in the drug-treated patients. 2Prespecified ”Optimal” MGL-3196 group showed drug levels consistent with near maximal lipid lowering effects
Efficacy and tolerability profile provide further support for MGL-3196’s overall safety profile and potential for CV benefits in
NASH patients, HeFH and other dyslipidemic patients, particularly those on moderate statin doses or intolerant to statins
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Catalysts: Our Expectations for Development Timing
Completion of long-term toxicology studies for MGL-3196
Completion of Phase 1 trial of MGL-3196 dosed with statins for NASH
Initiation of Phase 2 trial of MGL-3196 for NASH
Initiation of 12-week Phase 2 trial of MGL-3196 for HeFH
Positive topline 12-week data from Phase 2 trial of MGL-3196 for NASH
Positive topline data from Phase 2 trial of MGL-3196 for HeFH
36-week topline liver biopsy data from Phase 2 trial of MGL-3196 for NASH
Completed Milestones:
2018+20172016
Upcoming Catalysts:
End-of-Phase 2 FDA meeting and Phase 3 initiation in NASH
Potential Phase 3 in FH and/or mixed dyslipidemias
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Competitive Position: MGL-3196 is Differentiated in the NASH Landscape
Potential pleiotropic and cardio-beneficial actions position MGL-3196 as stand alone NASH therapeutic
Opportunities for differentiation from other NASH agents
Efficacy on NASH and cardiovascular endpoints provide opportunity for MGL-3196 to be used in combination with anti-fibrotic and/or anti-inflammatory agents
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Targetcompound
NAS Score
FibrosisScore Liver Lipids
NASH Prevention
Insulin Sensitivity LDL TGs
CV Risk Side Effects
FXR, FGF-19 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ — LDL-C Pruritus (BA analogues)
Anti-fibrotic ? ✔ — ✖ — — — ? Unknown
PPARαδ ✔ ✖ — ? ✔ ? Well-tolerated
Anti-inflam ✔ ? — — — — — ? Well-tolerated
Pioglitazone ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ PPAR CHF,bone,weight
MGL-3196 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Potential
CV Benefit Well-tolerated
Lancet 385:956-65; 2015; Gastroenterology Feb 11 2016; pii:S0016-5085(10)00140-2Tobira press release July 25, 2016; Ann Intern Med. doi:10.7326/M15-1774 2016
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Madrigal Investment Highlights
Multiple Possible Value-Creating Catalysts over Next 18 Months
MGL-3196: First-in-Class Thyroid Hormone Receptor (THR)-β Agonist
Large & Underserved Markets in NASH & Dyslipidemia
Seasoned Management Team
1
2
3
4
THR-β Agonism: Potential Anti-Fibrotic Actions
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Treating NASH, rather than fibrosis, is key to addressing the disease
— Resolution of NASH, without reducing fibrosis, is an approvable endpoint
— Recognition that liver fibrosis will decrease with time after NASH resolves (similar to reduction of fibrosis as the liver regenerates after cure of HCV)
THR-β, the operative receptor in hepatocytes, may ameliorate lipotoxicity and resultant local inflammation which lead to hepatocyte dysregulation and apoptosis. These perturbations lead to a profibrotic environment through:
— Ongoing inflammation
— Production by the dysregulated / damaged / dying hepatocytes of profibrotic factors, with TGF-β among the most important
THR-β may have direct anti-fibrotic effects
— Thyroid hormone receptor agonism has been shown to dampen inflammation in vivo and to inhibit TGF-β signaling in cell culture and in vivo
— In animal models of liver fibrosis, the extent of fibrosis is decreased by thyroid hormone administration and increased if thyroid hormone receptors are knocked out
PNAS 113: 3451, 2016
THR-β Agonism: Decreased Liver Fibrosis and Apoptosis
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• THR-β knockout and hypothyroid mice have delayed liver regeneration, increased apoptosis (PLoS ONE 5(1): e8710, 2010)
• THR-β -/- mice have increased liver fibrosis with age
• Treatment with thyroid hormone reduces fibrosis in animal models of liver fibrosis (PNAS 113: 3451, 2016)
MGL-3196: Agonism of Hepatic THR-β
In livers of euthyroid individuals T3 induces about half the maximal transcriptional activity of THR-beta
MGL-3196 can further beneficially increase this transcriptional activity as we have shown in euthyroid animal models and humans.
Interestingly, systemic hypothyroidism, at the level of the thyroid gland itself, leads to increases in plasma lipids (LDL-C and triglycerides) and increases the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
In fact, actual NASH is at least twice as common in hypothyroid individuals as in the general population.
Further, liver-specific hypothyroidism is present in human NASH, caused by degradation of thyroid hormone (increased deiodinase 3 produced by stellate and inflammatory cells) in the NASH liver
— In a vicious cycle this liver-specific hypothyroidism increases as NASH progresses
— Thus, MGL-3196, which is not affected by deiodinases, can increase transcriptional activity over an even broader range than in the non-NASH euthyroid state
— With MGL-3196-induced resolution of NASH, with the concomitant decrease in numbers and level of activation of stellate cells, normalization of hepatic thyroid function should occur.
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MGL-3196: Radiographic Tissue Distribution
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MGL-3196 is highly protein bound (>99%) and is taken up into the liver by hepatic transporters
The primary route of elimination after an oral dose of [14C]MGL-3196 in rats and dogs is the feces via biliary excretion
Uptake is low to undetectable in heart, bone and brain, further supporting the safety of MGL-3196
LiverKidney (medulla)
Kidney (cortex)Skeletal Muscle
HeartPituitary GlandBrain (medulla)
Brain (cerebrum)Brain (cerebellum)
Bone MarrowBone (femur)
Ratio to Blood
MGL-3196: Lipid Lowering in Additional Phase 1 Studies
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Baseline (BL); triglycerides (TG) (all) or >150 mg/dL at BL; Lp(a) shown only for subjects with measurable BL Lp(a)
p<.003p <.0001
• In Phase 1 studies, 38 healthy volunteers were dosed with one-two days of a statin and multiple daily doses (9-11) of MGL-3196 (100 or 200 mg)
• Robust lipid lowering was observed (up to 60% LDL-C), subjects reaching an average LDL-C of 70 mg/dL, ApoB of 59 mg/dL
• Consistent with MAD data, subjects with higher MGL-3196 exposures did not demonstrate more lipid lowering.
p=.001
Phase 2: NASH Study Design - Randomized, Double-Blind, PBO Controlled
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D1 W2 W4 W8 W12 W24 W36 ExtensionScreening
MRI-PDFFLiver Biopsy
MRI-PDFFLiver BiopsyMRI-PDFF MRI-PDFF
W12
PK assessment
Comparator/Arms 2:1 MGL-3196 to placebo 125 patients enrolled in USA, ~30 sites MGL-3196 or placebo, once daily; starting dose 80 mg per day, +-20 mg dose
adjustment possible at Week 4
Inclusion/Exclusion NASH on liver biopsy: NAS≥4 with fibrosis stage 1-3 ≥10% liver fat on MRI-PDFF Includes diabetics, statin therapy, representative NASH population
Phase 2: Study Endpoints
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Primary endpoint — Relative reduction of liver fat (MRI-PDFF) at 12 weeks
Secondary, exploratory biomarker and imaging endpoints— Numbers achieving ≥ 30% liver fat reduction at 12 weeks; absolute liver fat reduction— NASH, fibrosis biomarkers and lipids at 12, 36 weeks; multi-parametric imaging substudy— Repeat MRI-PDFF at 36 weeks
Secondary, exploratory liver biopsy endpoints at 36 weeks— Reduction (2-point on NAS) or resolution of NASH without worsening of fibrosis in MGL-
3196-treated compared to placebo— One point reduction in fibrosis— Reduction in components of NASH
Ongoing exploratory endpoint extension study in a subset of patients who completed the main 36 week study
Phase 2: Baseline Characteristics
Placebo (41) MGL-3196 (84)
Mean age, years (SD) 47.3 (11.7) 51.8 (10.4)
Male, n (%) 24 (58.5) 38 (45.2)
White 37 (90.2) 79 (94.0)
Hispanic/Latino 22 (53.7) 37 (44.0)
Diabetic, n (%) 13 (31.7) 35 (41.7)
Mean BMI (SD) 33.6 (5.8) 35.8 (6.2)
Mean ALT 60.1 (32.8) 50.0 (29.2)
Mean AST 38.2 (21.2) 35.7 (17.8)
Mean LDL-C 116.9 (30.0) 111.3 (30.4)
Mean TGs 161.1 (75.2) 178.5 (82.4)
Mean MRI-PDFF* 19.8 (6.7) 20.7 (7.0)
Mean NAS 4.8 (1.1) 4.9 (1.0)
Fibrosis stage n, % 0-1 21 (51.2) 48 (57.1)
n, % 2-3 20 (48.8) 36 (42.8)
34* Patients with both baseline and week 12 assessments
Phase 2: MGL-3196 Study Achieved Primary Endpoint in Interim Readout
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ALL MGL-3196
HIGH MGL-3196¹
Placebo
Number of patients 78 44 38
Primary Endpoint:Relative change in MRI-PDFF (% change from baseline, median)Significance relative to placebo
-36.3%
p<0.0001
-42.0%
p<0.0001
-9.6%
Percentage of patients attaining ≥30% liver fat reductionSignificance relative to placebo
60.3%
p<0.0001
75.0%
p<0.0001
18.4%
Statistically significant improvements in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides and lipoprotein (a) Lp(a)²
Statistically significant improvements in liver enzymes in drug-treatment group²
Very good all subject tolerability: mostly mild and a few moderate AEs, the numbers of which are balanced between placebo and drug-treated groups; 3 reported SAEs all considered unrelated to drug
Two regularly scheduled DSMB meetings held May 2017 and September 2017 to review data from the Madrigal NASH Phase 2 trial. DSMB recommended to continue the trial with no changes to the protocol
¹ Prespecified group of patients (44/78) with relatively higher MGL-3196 drug levels² These beneficial effects are more pronounced in the group of pre-specified patients with
higher levels of MGL-3196Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol. 2016; 9:692-701
Growing clinical data set demonstrating correlation between decline in fat content on MRI-PDFF, fibrosis biomarkers and NAS score on biopsy
Presentation of 12 week endpoints at EASL 2018
Phase 2: Fat Reduction Relative to NAS/Fibrosis Stage
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MGL-3196 reduces liver fat effectively in both early and advanced NASH fibrosis
**within group p-value
**
p=0.0007 p=0.002 p=0.005p=0.01
p=0.002 p=0.001p=0.02
p=0.02
Phase 2: Reductions in Multiple Atherogenic Lipidsat 12 Weeks
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Lp(a), % change from baseline, other lipids absolute reductions (ng/ml); LDL-C>100 mg/dL, BL; Lp(a) >10 nmol BL; TGs Week 4, MGL-3196 patients on 80 mg dose; SE shown; ND, not determined; NA, not assessed
Extension study: Open label study of eligible week 36 completers, all patients on MGL-3196
• Dose adjustment based on biomarkers
• Significant lipid lowering, correlating with sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) increase
• ApoB lowering equal to LDL-C, reflects lowering of LDL and VLDL particles; ApoBcorrelates with CV risk more than LDL-C level
% C
hang
e fr
om B
asel
ine
Biomarker Monitoring in Patients:Extension Study
Significant (p<0.0001) reductions relative to placebo in multiple atherogenic lipids including LDL-cholesterol, Lp(a), Apo B and TGs
Average reductions in LDL-C, ApoB and triglyceride reductions not maximal, many patients had drug exposures consistent with half-maximal lipid lowering effect
Chan
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om b
asel
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ng/d
L
NA NA
Phase 2: Multiparametric MRI Substudy
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Multiparametric MRI has been validated as a predictive test for NASH, and the CT1 predicts NAS on liver biopsy, particularly correlating with inflammation*
Measures inflammation and liver fat across the whole liver
MGL-3196 NASH substudy: evaluation of 17 patients with paired baseline and week 12 multiparametric scans
MGL-3196 treated patients showed statistically significant improvements in MRI-PDFF and CT1
Improvement 44%; deterioration 0%BL CT1 926 ms Week 12 CT1 840 ms
MGL-3196 treated patient (nl CT1 826 ms)
*Liver International. 2017;37:1065–1073 ** within group p-value
Chan
ge in
CT1
p=0.03
**
Phase 2: Reduction at Week 12 of Liver Enzymes and Reverse T3, Markers of Inflammation
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Decrease in liver enzymes is correlated with improvement in NASH on serial liver biopsy
Significant decrease in ALT, AST (within group MGL-3196); significant decrease in ALT (patients with ALT*
elevations at baseline) and AST (p=0.04, 0.02, respectively) compared with placebo in high MGL-3196 patients
Significant decrease in reverse T3 (p<0.0001), an inflammatory biomarker that is relatively increased in patients with NASH, particularly advanced NASH (doi: 10.1210/en.2014-1302) Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018;16:123–131
*Baseline ALT, >=45 males; >=30 females
T4, T3Reverse T3 (inactivated thyroid hormone)
NASH Inflammation
**within group p-value
**
**
Phase 2: Reduction of Fibrosis Biomarkers by MGL-3196 at 12 Weeks
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Pro-C3 and ELF scores have been correlated with the liver fibrosis score on liver biopsy in NASH patients*
MGL-3196 significantly decreases ELF and Pro-C3 (up to 40% relative to placebo) fibrosis biomarkers particularly in patients with > normal level at baseline reflective of more advanced baseline liver fibrosis
p=0.002
p=0.08
p=0.009
p=0.05
BL, baseline; elevated BL Pro-C3>=17.5 ngl/ml; elevated BL ELF >= 9 **within group p-value
** **
*Liver Int. 2015 Feb;35(2):429-37; Journal of Hepatology 2013 vol. 59 j 236–242
Phase 2: 12-Week Safety Results
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Study remains blinded, completion of dosing and follow up in 36 week study by end of April 2018
Very good all subject tolerability: mostly mild and a few moderate AEs, the numbers of which are balanced between placebo and drug-treated groups; 3 reported SAEs all unrelated to drug
Only 2/9 of the discontinuations were secondary to AEs No THR-𝛼𝛼 activity, no change in heart rate or other vital signs;
mild, significant decrease in blood pressure in MGL-3196-treated consistent with improvement in metabolic syndrome
No change in thyroid axis
Adverse Events
Placebo MGL-3196
Mild n (%) 19 (46.3) 55 (65.5)
Moderate n (%) 7 (17.1) 18 (21.4)
Severe* 0 0
* Study is blinded; 3 SAEs, all unrelated
p=0.005p=0.002
mm
Hg
**
**within group p-value
FH: Current Treatment Challenges
HoFH
Most patients still not reaching LDL-C goal
Newer agents, Lomitapide (Juxtapid, MTPi) and Mipomersen (Kynamro, anti-ApoB) may have safety issues
— Both carry FDA label warning*, hepatotoxicity
— Increased ALT and hepatic fat
Elevated Lp(a) remains an issue
HeFH
In HeFH, standard care (statins, ezetimibe) most HeFH still not achieving goal
— Even with PCSK9 inhibitor, 40% not at target
Further treatment opportunities include relative statin intolerance in some and elevated Lp(a)
HoFHLipid Lowering Therapy
LDL decrease
Conventional
Statins Up to 28%
Ezetimibe <10%
LDL apheresis 20-40%
New Treatment Options
Lomitapide Up to 50%
Mipomersen 25%
PCSK9 inh 23%
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MGL-3196: Unique and Complementary Lipid Lowering Profile
Thyroid pathway clinically validated and differentiated in FH
Both LDL receptor-dependent and –independent cholesterol lowering:— Stimulates cholesterol breakdown and elimination— Lowers ApoB and Lp(a)
– Decreases levels of PCSK9 (human data) and angiopoietin-like protein 3 ANGPTL3 (gene expression)
— MGL-3196 lowers LDL in concert with statins in clinical & preclinical studies— Thyroid agonists lower cholesterol in LDL receptor knockout mice*— In Phase 3 trials in HeFH, an earlier THR agonist lowered LDL cholesterol and Lp(a)**— MGL-3196 acts through a mechanism that potentially lowers Lp(a), a severely atherogenic
particle that is elevated in FH
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In FH, we believe MGL-3196 will deliver additional LDL-C and Lp(a) lowering on top of conventional treatment