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COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MPA503

NEW PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION/MANAGEMENT

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SUMMARY/RECAP

DIFFERENCES• POLITICAL DIRECTION• BREADTH OF SCOPE,IMPACT AND

CONSIDERATION• PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY• PRINCIPLE OF UNIFORMITYSIMILARITIES (ORGANISATIONAL)ROLE OF STATE:BALANCED VIEW

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FIRST MINNOWBROOK CONFERENCE (1968)

NEW PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

THEMES• SOCIAL EQUITY• ETHICS• HUMAN RELATIONS,ACCOUNTABILITY• ADMINISTRATIVE LEADERSHIP• RECONCILING PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

WITH DEMOCRACY LED BY DWIGHT WALDO

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GOALS

• RELEVANCE (TO ADDRESS PEOPLES ISSUES RATHER THAN EFFICIENCY)

• VALUES (VALUE NUETRAL STAND WAS FALSE.OPENNESS ABOUT VALUES BEING SERVED)

• SOCIAL EQUITY (SHOULD BE THE OBJECTIVE AND IT SHOULD CHAMPION THE POOR AND UNDER-PRIVELEGED

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Client focus

• MERE EMPHASIS ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE NOT SUFFICIENT

• CLIENT S TO HAVE A VOICE IN PROVISION OF GOODS AND SERVICES (WHAT,HOW AND WHEN)

• POSITIVE,PROACTIVE AND RESPONSIVE ADMINISTRATORS

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PERSPECTIVES

• MOVEMENT TOWARDS NORMATIVE THEORY,SOCIAL CONCERN AND ACTIVISM

• MOVES AWAY FROM POSITIVISM AND SCIENTICISM

• LESS GENERIC AND MORE PRESCRIPTIVE• REPRESENTATIVE BUREAUCRACY• PEOPLES PARTICIPATION IN

ADMINISTRATION

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CRITICISM

• ANTI-POSITIVIST• ANTI-THEORETIC• ANTI-MANAGEMENT• SOCIAL EQUITY ACTUALLY BEING

RECOGNISED AS AN OBJECTIVE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION?

• ONLY AN ILLUSION OF A PARADIGM SHIFT

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SIGNIFICANCE

• STRENGTHENED POLICY SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE

• CHALLENGED POLITICS – ADMINISTRATION DICHOTOMY

• INTENSIFIED ECOLOGICAL ORIENTATION,ACTIVISM AND COMMITMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION COMMUNITY

• PUSHED DISCIPLINE TOWARDS GREATER RELEVANCE

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SIGNIFICANCE

• BROUGHT ACADEMICS AND PRACTITIONERS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION CLOSER

• STRENGTHENED CLIENT-ORIENTATION IN ADMINISTRATION

• SUPPORTED MOVEMENT OF DEMOCRATIC HUMANISM

• PROMOTED AWARENESS OF INTERNAL DEMOCRACY THROUGH GENUINE PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC SYSTEMS

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MINNOWBROOK II (1988)

EMPHASISED

• LEADERSHIP• CONSTITUTIONAL/LEGAL PERSPECTIVE• TECHNOLOGY• POLICY• ECONOMIC

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NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 1990s

• REINVENTING GOVERNMENT by DAVID OSBORNE & TED GAEBLER (1992)

• INTRODUCED THE SECOND PARADIGM SHIFT AFTER THE NEW PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF 1960s

• TERM COINED BY CHRISTOPHER HOOD IN AN ARTICLE IN 1991

• THATCHERISM & REAGANISM

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CONCEPT

• MARKET NOT STATE TO BE THE KEY REGULATOR OF ECONOMY

• SHIFT FROM DIRECT PROVISION OF SERVICES TO INDIRECT METHODS LIKE POLICY MAKING ,FACILITATING,CONTRACTING,PROVIDING INFORMATION AND COORDINATING OTHER ACTORS

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BASIC THEMES

THREE E s

• ECONOMY (THE ERADICATION OF WASTE)• EFFICIENCY (THE STREAMLINING OF

SERVICES)• EFFECTIVENESS (THE SPECIFICATION OF

OBJECTIVES TO ENSURE THAT RESOURCES ARE TARGETED ON PROBLEMS

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EMPHASIS

• PERFORMANCE-APPRAISAL• MANAGERIAL AUTONOMY• COST CUTTING• FINANCIAL INCENTIVES• OUTPUT TARGETS• INNOVATION• RESPONSIVENESS

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EMPHASIS

• COMPETENCE• ACCOUNTABILITY• MARKET ORIENTATION• QUALITY IMPROVEMENT• CONTRACTING OUT• FLEXIBILITY

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EMPHASIS

• COMPETITION• CHOICE• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY• DECENTRALISATION• DOWNSIZING• DEBUREAUCRATISATION• ENTREPRENUERIALISM

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PUBLIC CHOICE APPROACHUSE A VARIETY OF ORGANISATIONS CAN

PROVIDE DIFFERENT PUBLIC GOODS AND SERVICES AND SUCH ORGANISATIONS CAN BE COORDINATED

IT EMPHASISES AN ANTI-BUREAUCRATIC APPROACH,DIVERSE DEMOCRATIC DECISION MAKING CENTERS,INSTITUTIONAL PLURALISM,ECONOMIC LOGIC,DECENTRALISATION,POPULAR PARTICIPATION

NEO-TAYLORISM : FOLLOW PRIVATE SECTOR PRACTICES

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GOALS

• CATALYTIC GOVERNMENT• COMMUNITY-OWNED GOVERNMENT• COMPETETIVE GOVERNMENT• MISSION DRIVEN GOVERNMENT• RESULTS-ORIENTED GOVERNMENT

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GOALS

• CUSTOMER DRIVEN GOVERNMENT• ENTERPRISING GOVERNMENT• ANTICIPATORY GOVERNMENT• DECENTRALISED GOVERNMENT• MARKET-ORIENTED GOVERNMENT

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IMPACT

• CREATION OF AUTONOMOUS PUBLIC ORGANISATIONS

• REDUCING THE SIZE OF GOVERNMENT• CORPORATISATION IOF GOVERNMENT

ORGANISATIONS• REDUCING BUDGET AND WELFARE

EXPENDITURE

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IMPACT

• REFORMING CIVIL SERVICE STRUCTURES• PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND

MEASUREMENT• PRIVITASATION OF PUBLIC UNDERTAKINGS• DECENTRALISATION OF AUTHORITY TO

LOWER LEVELS

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IMPACT

• CONTRACTING OUT SERVICES TO PRIVATE AGENCIES

• PROMOTINGOPENNESS AND TRANSPARENCY IN ADMINISTRATION

• ENCOURAGING CITIZENS PARTICIPATION IN ADMINISTRATION

• DECLARATION OF CITIZENS CHARTERS ETC