comparative study of cyclic activated sludge and conventional activated sludge process

22

• Activated Sludge Process is the most used Activated Sludge Process is the most used biological waste water treatment process in the biological waste water treatment process in the developed and developing countries. developed and developing countries.

• Due to aerobic process in Activated Sludge Due to aerobic process in Activated Sludge Process, plant has less odor/vector nuisance in Process, plant has less odor/vector nuisance in compare to anaerobic type process.compare to anaerobic type process.

TECHONOLOGY SELECTIONTECHONOLOGY SELECTION

33

• Batch operation of the activated sludge Batch operation of the activated sludge process is nothing new. A Sequencing Batch process is nothing new. A Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) is a fill and draw activated Reactor (SBR) is a fill and draw activated treatment system. treatment system.

• As such, SBR are capable of handling all As such, SBR are capable of handling all waste waters commonly treated by waste waters commonly treated by conventional activated sludge plants. conventional activated sludge plants. Municipal and industrial waste waters both Municipal and industrial waste waters both have been successfully treated in SBR have been successfully treated in SBR system. system.

44

• The unit process involved in the SBR and The unit process involved in the SBR and conventional activated sludge systems conventional activated sludge systems are identical. are identical.

• Aeration and sedimentation/clarification Aeration and sedimentation/clarification are conventional plants processes are are conventional plants processes are carried out simultaneously in separate carried out simultaneously in separate tanks, whereas in SBR the processes are tanks, whereas in SBR the processes are carried out sequentially in the same carried out sequentially in the same tank.tank.

55

• The SBR process is also recommended The SBR process is also recommended for small scale sewage treatment in for small scale sewage treatment in CPHEEO Manual, but due to the CPHEEO Manual, but due to the advancement in technology in last advancement in technology in last decade, these plants are very decade, these plants are very favorable for medium to large scale favorable for medium to large scale sewage treatment applications. sewage treatment applications.

66

• Many large scale plants working Many large scale plants working efficiently around the world including efficiently around the world including India based on cyclic activated sludge India based on cyclic activated sludge process/SBR. process/SBR.

• 12.5 MLD PWD –Goa / 100 MLD NMMC, 12.5 MLD PWD –Goa / 100 MLD NMMC, and more than 1200 MLD plants are up and more than 1200 MLD plants are up coming in India under various Schemes coming in India under various Schemes like JNRUMM, UID, NRCD/NLCP etc.like JNRUMM, UID, NRCD/NLCP etc.

77

• NRCD is actively encouraging the experts NRCD is actively encouraging the experts to visit the 12.5 MLD PWD Goa plant to visit the 12.5 MLD PWD Goa plant (Based on Cyclic Activated Sludge (Based on Cyclic Activated Sludge Process/SBR) to see the performance by Process/SBR) to see the performance by different perspectives. different perspectives.

88

CONVENTIONALCONVENTIONAL RAW SEWAGE RAW SEWAGE

RECEIVING CHAMBERRECEIVING CHAMBER

COARSE SCREENCOARSE SCREEN

WET WELLWET WELL

FINE SCREENFINE SCREEN

GRIT CHAMBERGRIT CHAMBER

AREATION TANK RETURN SLUDGE AREATION TANK RETURN SLUDGE P/HP/H

SECONDARY CLARIFIER SLUDGE SUMP SECONDARY CLARIFIER SLUDGE SUMP

CHLORINATION TANK CENTRIFUGECHLORINATION TANK CENTRIFUGE

TREATED SEWAGE FOR DISPOSAL FULLY DIGESTEDTREATED SEWAGE FOR DISPOSAL FULLY DIGESTED

SLUDGE AS MANURESLUDGE AS MANURE

99

CYCLICCYCLIC RAW SEWAGE RAW SEWAGE

RECEIVING CHAMBERRECEIVING CHAMBER

COARSE SCREENCOARSE SCREEN

WET WELLWET WELL

FINE SCREENFINE SCREEN

GRIT CHAMBERGRIT CHAMBER

C-TECH SLUDGE SUMPC-TECH SLUDGE SUMP

CHLORINATION CENTRIFUGECHLORINATION CENTRIFUGE

TREATED SEWAGE TO TREATED SEWAGE TO

MEET RECYCLE NORMS FULLY DIGESTEDMEET RECYCLE NORMS FULLY DIGESTED

SLUDGE AS MANURESLUDGE AS MANURE

1010

• This technology used RCC aeration tank This technology used RCC aeration tank with Surface aerators to oxygenate and with Surface aerators to oxygenate and mix the effluent contents.mix the effluent contents.

• It is a continuous process. It is a continuous process. • The design is always done for a point The design is always done for a point

load with respect to hydraulic as well as load with respect to hydraulic as well as organic load.organic load.

1111

• There is no control on process There is no control on process parameters and plants normally work in parameters and plants normally work in manual mode.manual mode.

• In case nitrification, gentrification and In case nitrification, gentrification and Bio Phosphorous removal is required, Bio Phosphorous removal is required, additional unit need to be added. additional unit need to be added.

1212

DESIGN BASISThe sewage Treatment Plant designed to treat the raw sewage in a

single stage automatic C Tech Plant, based on Cyclic Activated Sludge Technology.

A. Inlet Effluent Parameters

ItemItem UOMUOM ValuesValues

FlowsFlows MLDMLD

MM33/day/day4545

4500045000

Peak FactorPeak Factor 2.252.25

Peak FlowPeak Flow MLDMLD

MM33/day/day101.25101.25

101250101250

PHPH 6.5-7.56.5-7.5

Total Suspended SolidsTotal Suspended Solids Mg/lMg/l 250250

BODBOD Mg/lMg/l 200200

CODCOD Mg/lMg/l 400400

1313

DESIGN BASISThe plant is designed to produce the following Outputs for which a performance

guarantee is provided.

During commissioning trail for the plant, these parameters will be checked

and validated .B. Outlet Characteristics

ItemItem UOMUOM ValuesValues

PHPH 6.5-7.56.5-7.5

Total Suspended SolidsTotal Suspended Solids mg/lmg/l ≤ ≤ 1010

BODBOD mg/lmg/l ≤ ≤ 1010

CODCOD mg/lmg/l ≤ ≤ 100100

Sludge generatedSludge generated Kg/dayKg/day 7166.257166.25

1414

Receiving of Sewage Raw sewage will be received into a

Stilling Chamber from where it will be taken into downstream Fine Screens.

TREATMENT PHILOSOPHY

1515

• Fine Screening Channels• Adequate Nos. of Mechanical along with

Manual (standby) Fine Screens shall be provided upstream of treatment units for fine screening of sewage. The Fine Screens shall screen out most of the floating and oversized material more than 6mm size such as plastic debris, weeds, paper, cloth, rags etc which could foul the downstream treatment unit. The Fine Screens shall be inclined Bar Screen of stainless steel flats. The screenings shall be dropped on a Conveyor provided above the top of the screen channel. The screening material as collected will drop automatically into a wheelbarrow for its disposal.

1616

•DE- Gritting

•Screened Sewage will gravitate to Grit Separator Tank for removal of grit and small inorganic particulate matter of specific gravity above 2.65 and particle size above 150 microns.

1717

SBR/Cyclic Activated sludge process

Primary treated sewage shall be fed into the Cyclic Activated Sludge Process/SBR Process Basins for biological treatment to remove BOD, COD and Suspended Solids.

C Tech is a CYCLIC ACTIVAED SLUDGE TREAMENT process. it provides highest treatment efficiency possible in a single step biological process.

1818

•The C TECH System is operated in a batch reactor mode. This eliminates all the inefficiencies of the continuous processes. A batch reactor is a perfect reactor, which ensures 100% treatment. Four modules are provided to ensure continuous treatment. The complete process place in a single reactor, within which all biological treatment steps takes place sequentially.

1919

•No additional setting unit, Secondary Clarifier is required.

•The complete biological operation is divided into cycles. Each cycle is of 3-5 hrs duration, during which all treatment steps take place.

2020

Explanation of Cyclic Operation

A basic cycle comprise:

Fill Aeration (F/A) Settling (S)Decanting (D)

These phases in a sequence constitute a cycle, which is then repeated.

2828

C Tech is the most advanced Cyclic Effluent Treatment Technology in the Word.

The technology is based on Activated Sludge Process adapted to Sequential Batch Reactor Technology.

This technology was developed in the USA in the 80’s and has been adopted worldwide since 1990’s.

There are more than 200 installations worldwide based on this technology.

ADVANTAGES OF C TECH PROCESS

2929

• Excellent Quality of Treated Effluent

• The outlet characteristics obtained out of C Tech as compared to other technologies are:

PARAMETEPARAMETERR

C C TECHTECH

CONVENCONVENTIONALTIONAL

BODBOD ≤ ≤ 1010 ≤ ≤ 3030

CODCOD ≤ ≤ 100100 ≤ ≤ 250250

TSSTSS ≤ ≤ 1010 ≤ ≤ 3030

3030

The treated sewage out of C Tech is 6 times better than any conventional treatment. The C Tech plant has an inbuilt mechanism

for Nitrification, DE nitrification and Biological Phosphorous Removal to degrade nutrient like Total Nitrogen (TN) and Phosphorous (TP). In case the treated sewage is

discharged into a lake body, it is critical to have TN < 5 ppm and TM < 1 ppm, as otherwise these nutrients lead to massive algae / other aquatic plants growth which leads to depletion of the dissolved oxygen in the lake and subsequent cause extensive damage to the marine ecology.

3131

• The C Tech process ensure removal of all nutrients to acceptable levels in the single stage biological process.

• 50% reduction in POWER Consumption

• C Tech uses 50% less power to get 6 times better outlet characteristic. Hence the plant has a payback period.

• 50% reduction in Land Requirements

• The main problem in Cities is the availability of Land. C Tech uses 50% less land area compared with other conventional technologies, thus saving huge amounts on purchase of land.

3232

• Variable Design

• The complete system is capable to handle variable flow and load conditions. The system is self adjusting in nature and automatically adjusts to the new feed conditions by changing cycle times, aeration intensity etc. each batch of sewage is analyzed wrt bio degradability and optimum treatment is automatically given to ensure minimum utilization of power and energy.

3333

Fully Automatic, Computerized, Internet Controlled

C Tech is fully automatic, computer controlled. This does not require any operator attention. The plant can be operated from anywhere in the world through Internet. This results in huge saving on manpower and operating

costs.

3434

•Excellent Material of Construction

•C Tech uses all underwater mental parts in SS and non metallic parts in imported PVC. The diffusers are in EPDM and all Pumps, Instruments etc. are from the best manufactures worldwide. This result in a plant life 6 times better than conventional plants and very little maintenance costs.

3535

Proved World WideC Tech has installations in almost all countries in the worlds, Including,

USA, UK, Germany, France, Austria, China, Russia, Australia, Thailand, Malaysia and most importantly India.

The first C Tech plant is already operational in India at Panjim, Goa of capacity 28 MLD (Peak Flow) and 12.5 MLD (Average Flow).

3636

•Capital and Operating Cost

•C Tech requires the lowest investment and operating costs as compared to any other technology, when compared with respect to outlet parameters, MOC, Land required and Power consumend.

3737

Sr.Sr.NoNo..

ItemItem C TECH systemC TECH system Conventional Activated Conventional Activated sludge processsludge process

11 Degree of Degree of treatment treatment

Sewage can be Sewage can be treated to low-end treated to low-end recycle quality of recycle quality of turbidity <10 ntu, turbidity <10 ntu, COD <20 ppm, BOD COD <20 ppm, BOD < 5 ppm, TN < 1 ppm < 5 ppm, TN < 1 ppm in a single stage of in a single stage of treatment using treatment using Batch process. The Batch process. The treated sewage can treated sewage can be easily used for be easily used for application like application like

Low degree of treatment Low degree of treatment is achieved. The outlet is achieved. The outlet quality from aerated quality from aerated lagoons is suspended lagoons is suspended solids 50 ppm, COD: 250 solids 50 ppm, COD: 250 ppm, BOD 30 PPM. No ppm, BOD 30 PPM. No inbuilt provision for inbuilt provision for removal of Total Nitrogen removal of Total Nitrogen and Phosphorous. In case and Phosphorous. In case primary clarifiers are primary clarifiers are provided, sludge provided, sludge digestion is a must, which digestion is a must, which causes problems of odor causes problems of odor and High capital coastand High capital coast

3838

Sr.Sr.NoNo..


Horticulture, farming, Horticulture, farming, toilet flushing, use as toilet flushing, use as construction water, construction water, cooling water for Air cooling water for Air conditioners in large conditioners in large Malls and Theaters Malls and Theaters etc There is No odor etc There is No odor problem as complete problem as complete process is aerobic process is aerobic and generated by and generated by fully digested sludge, fully digested sludge, which is an excellent which is an excellent manure and can be manure and can be directly applied as directly applied as manure to plants. manure to plants.

3939

Sr.Sr.NoNo..


22 Flow Flow variationvariation

The technology can The technology can take any flow take any flow variation from 0-250 variation from 0-250 %. The control %. The control program is simple program is simple menu driven. Its menu driven. Its design can be design can be changed as many changed as many times as required by times as required by the operator at the the operator at the touch of a button.touch of a button.

It is a point load design. It is a point load design. The design cannot The design cannot handle any flow handle any flow variation, which is variation, which is expected for any large-expected for any large-scale city sewage scale city sewage system. Normally 0-system. Normally 0-250% flow variation is 250% flow variation is present for any sewage present for any sewage treatment plant.treatment plant.

4040

Sr.Sr.NoNo..


33 Space Space requiremerequirement nt

C TECH uses deep C TECH uses deep RCC tanks, with RCC tanks, with diffused aeration diffused aeration mechanism, which mechanism, which drastically reduces drastically reduces the space the space requirement.requirement.

As this process As this process essentially needs essentially needs secondary clarifiers, secondary clarifiers, minimum 40-50% more minimum 40-50% more area is need.area is need.

44 Savings on Savings on account of account of power power consumpticonsumption on

The Cyclic activated The Cyclic activated sludge technology sludge technology has a very low power has a very low power consumption of only consumption of only 70 paise per m70 paise per m33 of of raw sewageraw sewage

This technology This technology depends on inefficient depends on inefficient surface aerator surface aerator technology and uses technology and uses minimum 4 Rs /mminimum 4 Rs /m33 of of treated sewage as treated sewage as average power average power consumption.consumption.

4141

SrSr.N.No.o.


55 Fully Fully automatic automatic technologtechnologyy

The complete The complete process is fully process is fully automatic and can automatic and can be monitored and be monitored and operated from any operated from any where in the world where in the world using internet using internet connectivity. All connectivity. All process parameters process parameters are controlled to are controlled to provide consistent provide consistent and utmost and utmost treatment using treatment using lowest power. The lowest power. The plant can plant can automatically shut automatically shut off during low/niloff during low/nil

No control on any No control on any process parameters. process parameters. The plants runs The plants runs continuously at all continuously at all times including low times including low flow/ Nil flow conditions flow/ Nil flow conditions and thus has very high and thus has very high power consumption. All power consumption. All operations are manual. operations are manual. There are constant There are constant problems of bulking problems of bulking and rising sludge.and rising sludge.

4242

Sr.Sr.NoNo..

ItemItem C TECH systemC TECH system Conventional Conventional Activated sludge Activated sludge processprocess

flow conditions and flow conditions and can automatically can automatically adjust power adjust power consumption consumption proportional to proportional to present flow rate present flow rate and concentration of and concentration of pollutant load. This pollutant load. This drastically reduces drastically reduces power consumption.power consumption.

66 Future Future

AugmentatioAugmentationn

Adding extra basins Adding extra basins for any future flow for any future flow can easily augment can easily augment the plant capacity. the plant capacity. The same PLC and The same PLC and program can be program can be easily adapted to easily adapted to future flows. future flows.

Complete new Complete new system is required system is required to be constructed to be constructed for additional for additional augmentationaugmentation

4343

ADVANTAGES OF CYCLIC ACTIVATED ADVANTAGES OF CYCLIC ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS(SUMMARY):SLUDGE PROCESS(SUMMARY):

• Requires Minimum SpaceRequires Minimum Space

• Requires Minimum Energy for Requires Minimum Energy for treatment of sewagetreatment of sewage

• Requires Minimum Man Power for Requires Minimum Man Power for treatment of sewagetreatment of sewage

• Requires Minimum Maintenance CostRequires Minimum Maintenance Cost

• Excellent Treated water quality can Excellent Treated water quality can be recycled.be recycled.

4444

• Controlled system provided high Controlled system provided high flexibility and simplified potential of flexibility and simplified potential of expansion.expansion.

• A special ability to handle extremely A special ability to handle extremely high organic and hydraulic shock loads, high organic and hydraulic shock loads, More than 95% BOD removal.More than 95% BOD removal.

• Worldwide (including India) proven and Worldwide (including India) proven and reliable. Processing flows ranging from reliable. Processing flows ranging from 40 m40 m33/ Day to 520000 M/ Day to 520000 M33/Day /Day

4545

PLANT CAPACITY:45 MLDPLANT CAPACITY:45 MLDSr.Sr.No.No.

ParameterParameter C TECHC TECH ASPASP

11 CAPITAL COSTCAPITAL COST

AA Capital cost (Rs. Lacs)Capital cost (Rs. Lacs) 29702970 24752475

BB Land requirement (Ha)Land requirement (Ha) 1.21.2 2.162.16

CC Land Rate (Rs per M2) (Assumed)Land Rate (Rs per M2) (Assumed) 80008000 80008000

DD Land cost (Rs Lacs)Land cost (Rs Lacs) 960960 17281728

EE Total Capital cost (A + D) (Rs. Lacs)Total Capital cost (A + D) (Rs. Lacs) 39303930 42034203

22 OPERATING COSTOPERATING COST

FF O & M Cost (Rs per MO & M Cost (Rs per M33)) 0.90.9 1.71.7

GG O & M Cost (Rs Lacs per annum)O & M Cost (Rs Lacs per annum) 147.8147.8 279.2279.2

HH O & M Cost for 15 years (Rs Lacs)O & M Cost for 15 years (Rs Lacs) 2217.42217.4 4188.44188.4

33 LIFE CYCLE COSTLIFE CYCLE COST

II Life Cycle Cost (E + H) (Rs Lacs)Life Cycle Cost (E + H) (Rs Lacs) 6147.46147.4 8391.48391.4

JJ Saving with C Tech (Rs Lacs)Saving with C Tech (Rs Lacs) 22442244

4747

List of C-Tech Plants in India

Sl. No.

Name of User Location Capacity Sector Present Status

1. Indore Municipal Corporation Indore 245 MLD Sewage Under construction.

2. Madurai Municipal Corporation Avaniapuram 125 MLD Sewage Under construction.

3. Thane Municipal Corporation Kopri 120 MLD Sewage Under construction.

4. Punjab Water Supply and Sewerage Board

Ludhiana 105 MLD Sewage Under construction.

5. Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation Nerul 100 MLD Sewage Operational

6. Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation Vashi 100 MLD Sewage Operational

7. Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation Airoli 80 MLD Sewage Operational

8. City Infrastructure Development Corpn. (CIDCO)

Kamothe 85 MLD Sewage Under construction.


Kharghar 70 MLD Sewage Under construction.

10. Coimbatore Municipal Corporation Ukkadam 70 MLD Sewage Under construction.

11. Pimpri Cinchwad Municipal Corporation Charholi 60 MLD Sewage Under construction.

12. Ghaziabad Development Authority Indrapuram 56 MLD Sewage Under construction.

13. Ghaziabad Development Authority Govindpuram 56 MLD Sewage Under construction.

14. Ghaziabad Development Authority Dudhera 56 MLD Sewage Under construction.

15. Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board

Attapur 51 MLD Sewage Under construction.

4848

1. New Okhla Industrial Development Authority

Noida 50 MLD Sewage Under construction.


Ludhiana 50 MLD Sewage Under construction.

3. Madurai Municipal Corporation Sakkimangalam 45.7 MLD Sewage Under construction.

4. Pune Municipal Corporation Mundhwa 45 MLD Sewage Operational

5. National Building Construction Corpn Ltd

Faridabad 45 MLD Sewage Under construction

6. Coimbatore Municipal Corporation Nanjundapuram 40 MLD Sewage Under construction.

7. Pimpri Cinchwad Municipal Corporation Kasarwadi 40 MLD Sewage Under construction.





10. Pimpri Cinchwad Municipal Corporation Akurdi 30 MLD Sewage Under construction.

11. Pune Municipal Corporation, Pune Baner 30 MLD Sewage Under construction.

12. Pimpri Cinchwad Municipal Corporation Cinchwad 30 MLD Sewage Operational


Ghansoli 30 MLD Sewage Under construction

14. Uttaranchal Peyjal Nigam Haridwar 27 MLD Sewage Under construction.

4949


Kharghar 25 MLD Sewage Operational




Jalandhar 25 MLD Sewage Under construction.

4. Pimpri Cinchwad Municipal Corporation Rawet 20 MLD Sewage Under construction.

5. Lucknow Development Authority Lucknow 15 MLD Sewage Under construction.

6. Pimpri Cinchwad Municipal Corporation Shangavi 20 MLD Sewage Under construction.

7. Public Works Department, Goa Panjim 12.5 MLD Sewage Operational


Samana 10 MLD Sewage Under construction.

9. Uttaranchal Peyjal Nigam Haridwar 3 MLD Sewage Under construction.

10. Goa Medical College Goa 1.3 MLD Sewage Operational

11. Rajiv Gandhi IT Habitat Goa 0.3 MLD

0.6 MLD

0.6 MLD

Sewage Under construction.

12. Goa State Industrial Dev. Corpn. Goa 0.8 MLD Sewage Under construction.

TEXTILES

13. Textile Common Effluent Treatment Surat 100 MLD Textile Under construction.

14. Gujarat Eco Textile Park Ltd. Surat 60 MLD Textile Under construction.

REFINERY

15. Hindustan Petroleum Corpn. Ltd. Vizag 4.3 MLD Refinery Under construction.

16. Hindustan Petroleum Corpn. Ltd. Mumbai 7.2 MLD Refinery Under construction.

17. Bina Refinery Bina 9 MLD Refinery Under construction.

PHARMA

18. Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma City Vizag 3.5 MLD Pharma Operational

5353

C-Tech Plant at Kharghar, Navi Mumbai with Avg. flow 25mld and Peak flow 62.5mld

5454

C-Tech Plant at Nerul, Navi Mumbai with Avg. flow 100mld and Peak flow 225mld

5555

C-Tech Plant at Chinchwad, Pune with Avg. flow 30mld and Peak flow 60mld

5656

THE ENDTHE END

comparative study of cyclic activated sludge and conventional activated sludge process

Education

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design basisthe plant

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raw sewage

commissioning trail