comparative study of square csrr and circular csrr...

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE)

Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2014

817 ISSN: 2278 – 909X All Rights Reserved © 2014 IJARECE

Comparative study of Square CSRR and Circular

CSRR structure on Microstrip Patch Antenna for

WLAN applications

Arashpreet Kaur1, Amandeep Singh

2, Ekambir Sidhu

3

Abstract— In this paper, the performance of conventional

microstrip antenna has been compared with the square CSRR

and circular CSRR on the patch. This simulation has been done

by using CST-Microwave Studio 2013. The operating resonant

frequency of this antenna is 2.43GHzsuitable for Wireless

Local Area Network(WLAN) application. The performance of

antenna has been analyzed in terms of resonant frequency,

return loss (S11), bandwidth, gain (dB), directivity

(dBi),antenna input impedance, VSWR and Half Power

Beamwidth (HPBW). The important aspect of antenna design

is to achieve improved impedance bandwidth with sufficiently

low return loss at 50Ω antenna impedance which is obtained by

using circular CSRR and square CSRR on patch. The

bandwidth of the antenna has been significantly improved

from 52.87 MHz to 53.30 MHz by using a square ring and

circular ring on the patch.

Keywords—Impedance bandwidth, Circular CSRR,

Directivity, Gain, Microstrip patch antenna (MPA),Return

loss (S11), Square CSRR, WLAN

I. INTRODUCTION

The wireless Communication has been an area of research

field for various standard applications such as WLAN,

Wi-Max, IMT, GSM and Bluetooth applications. The

standard portable daily handheld devices like laptop,

notebook, PDAs, and mobile phones are incorporated with

Wi-Fi and Bluetooth technologies. The IEEE 802.11b/g

standard is operating at 2.40 GHz. Since 1999, researchers

have proposed many antenna structure designs to form

metamaterial structure which can operate on this frequency

standard. Metamaterial or left handed material (LHM)

employs an artificial substrate that does not exist in the real

nature. Metamaterial had been categorized as a structure or

design that has the simultaneously negative permeability and

permittivity. This metamaterial structure was effectively

used for standard wireless applications requiring sufficiently

Manuscript received July, 2014

Arashpreet Kaur, Department of Electronics & Communication

Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, Patiala, Mobile No.+91

9569344428.

Amandeep Singh, Department of Electronics & Communication

Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, Mobile No. +919779706457.

Ekambir Sidhu, Department of Electronics and Communication

Engineering, Punjabi University Patiala, Mobile no. +91842759971.

high bandwidth with low return loss . This structure also can

miniaturize the size of the patch antenna [1]. Metamaterials

can achieve significantly better return loss (S11)

performances compared to the normal antenna design

without metamaterial structure [2]. The metamaterial

structure also simultaneously improves the antenna

directivity and gain parameters [3]. There are many

metamaterial structures had been described by many

researchers. The most popular structures are electromagnetic

band gap (EBG) [4], split ring resonator (SRR), artificial

magnetic conductor (AMC) [5][6][7], photonic band gap

(PBG) [8].

Split ring resonators (SRRs) design is used to produce the

negative dielectric constant or permittivity and negative

permeability. The split ring resonator can be designed in

different shapes. There are many types of split ring resonator

that have been designed and proposed by researchers. Edge

coupled SRR (EC-SRR) was the initial first design by Pendry

[9]. In this SRR design, there is a metallic split ring printed

on the conducting path.

The complementary split ring resonator structure (CSRR) is

obtained by replacing the copper area with substrate material

and vice versa [10].

II. BASIC ANTENNA GEOMETERY

A. CONVENTIONAL ANTENNA

The antenna design has been simulated in CST Microwave

Studio(Version 2013)software. The operating resonant

frequency of this antenna is 2.43 GHz. This structure

employs a Roger RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric

constant of 2.2. The dimensions of the antenna are 60.0 mm

width and65.86 mm length. The ground plane is printed on

the bottom side of the substrate with dimension of 60.0 mm

width and 65.86 mm length. A 50 Ω waveguide port is used

to feed power into the radiator patch using edge feed

mechanism. Fig 1 represents the different design parameters

and the corresponding antenna dimensions are mention in

Table1.




Table 1 Dimension of conventional MPA

Antenna Parameter

Specification

Ground /substrate(Wg × Lg) 60.0 × 65.86 mm

Patch (Wp × Lp) 49.2×39mm

Feed line (Wt × Lt) 1.34×28.59 mm

Feed end (Wf × Lf) 5.2×9 mm

B. CONVENTIONAL ANTENNA WITH SQUARE CSRR

RING STRUCTURE

The antenna parameters for antenna with square CSRR

are the same as that of the conventional antenna with

additional square CSRR on the patch. The square split ring

resonator is etched on the patch with width, Dr=8mm, gap

between split ring Gr = 0.9mm, thickness of ring, t = 0.9 mm

and location above from the center a = 12mm as shown in

Fig. 2.

Fig 3 Top view of conventional antenna with circular CSRR ring structure

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The proposed antenna has been designed using

CST-MWS 2013 software. The comparative performance of

the Square CSRR and Circular CSRR has been analyzed in

terms of resonant frequency, return loss, bandwidth, range,

gain, directivity, VSWR, input impedance and beamwidth of

MPA. Fig 4 represents the return loss plot of conventional

antenna resonant at frequency, fr of 2.43GHz with bandwidth

of 51.475MHz and return loss of- 35.1429 dB

. Fig 1. Top view of conventional antenna

Fig 4.Return loss plot of conventional antenna

Fig 5 (a) and (b) shows the directivity and gain plot for

conventional MPA respectively. The directivity of antenna is

7.271dBi at 2.43GHz and gain is 8.001dBi at 2.43GHz.

Fig 2. Top view of conventional antenna with square CSRR ring structure

C. CONVENTIONAL ANTENNA WITH CIRCULAR

CSRR RING STRUCTURE

The circular CSRR ring structure has a circular ring

etched on the patch of specific dimensions, i.e Dr = 8mm, Gr

= 0.9mm and thickness of ring, t = 0.9mm, located at

a = 12 above from the center of the antenna as shown in Fig 3.

Fig 5 (a) Directivity plot of conventional antenna at 2.43GHz

Fig 5 (b) Gain of conventional MPA at 2.43GHz




Fig 6 (a) represents the VSWR plot of MPA. The VSWR of

antenna is less than 2. The Fig 6 (b) shows the Smith Chart

plot indicating the antenna impedance is 50 ohms,

Fig 6 (a) VSWR at 2.43GHz

Fig 6 (b) Smith chart of conventional antenna at 2.43 GHz

Fig 7 represents the Half Power Beamwidth (HPBW) plot of

conventional antenna. The antenna polar plot angular width

in degrees is 81.0 deg at 2.43GHz.

Fig 7 Beam width plot of conventional antenna at 2.43GHz

Fig 8below represents that by using a square CSRR on the

conventional patch antenna, the resonant frequency has been

shifted to 2.442GHz with return loss of - 38.490dB and

improved bandwidth of 52.87MHz.

Fig 8. Return loss plot at 2.442GHz of MPA with square ring

Fig 9 represents the flow of surface current flow through

Square CSRR structure in CST MWS.

Fig 9. Surface current through MPA with square CSRR

Fig 10 (a) and Fig 10 (b) shows the 3D plot for directivity and

gain for Square CSRR patch antenna. The directivity of

antenna is7.274dBi and gain is 8.069dBi,respectively.Fig 11

shows that the VSWR of Square CSRR is 1.0240 which is

less than maximum acceptable value of 2.

Fig 10 (a) Directivity plot at 2.442GHz for Square CSRR

Fig 10 (b) Gain plot for MPA square ring structure at 2.442GHz for Square

CSRR

Fig 11. VSWR at 2.442 GHz for Square CSRR

Fig 12 shows that circular CSRR Patch antenna has resonant

frequency, fr is2.436GHz with return loss -29.371 dB and

53.30MHz bandwidth.




Parameter Conventional

antenna

MPA using

Square ring

MPA using

circular ring

Resonate

frequency,

(fr) GHz

2.43 2.442 2.436

Return

Loss, dB

- 35.1429 - 38.490 - 29.371

Bandwidth,

MHz

51.475 52.87 53.30

Frequency

range(fL-

fH) GHz

2.40 – 2.4566 2.415 – 2.467 2.410– 2.463

Gain, dB 8.001dB 8.069 7.993

Directivity,

dBi

7.271 7.274 7.274

VSWR 1.0356 1.0240 1.0703

Impedance,

ohms

50 50 50

Beamwidth

, degrees

81.0 81.0 81.0

Suitable

applications

WLAN WLAN WLAN

Fig 12. Return loss plot of MPA with circular CSRR structure

Fig 13 shows the surface current density of circular CSRR

patch antenna.

The directivity and gain plot for the MPA with circular

ring structure is shown in Fig 14 (a) and (b) respectively. The

circular CSRR structure has directivity of 7.274dBi and gain

of 7.993dB.

Fig 13 Surface current of MPA with circular CSRR

Fig 14 (a) Directivity of MPA with circular CSRR

Fig 14(b) Gain plot for MPA with circular ring structure

The Fig. 15 shows that the VSWR for circular CSRR in the

operating range is 1.0703 which is less than the maximum

acceptable value of 2. The VSWR plot is shown below in Fig

15 below.

Fig 15 VSWR at 2.436GHz

IV. CONCLUSION

From the above results, it has been observed the bandwidth

and gain can be improved by etching CSRR plot on patch. It

has been shown the effect of CSRR ring structure on

conventional antenna can improve the return loss, gain and

directivity of antenna. Further, by changing the location of

the ring on the patch can improve the performance of

antenna in terms of bandwidth. The Table 2 shows the

comparison of conventional antenna, Square ring CSRR and

Circular ring CSRR.

Table 2 Comparison of various antenna structures




REFERENCES

[1] M. Z. M. Zani, M. H. Jusoh, A. A. Sulaiman, N. H. Baba, R. A. Awang,

M. F. Ain, “Circular Patch Antenna on Metamaterial, Electronic

Devices,” 2010 International Conference on Systems and Applications

(ICEDSA), pp. 313-316, 2010.

[2] A. Gummalla, C. -J. Lee, M. Achour, “Compact Metamaterial Quadband

Antenna for Mobile Application,” International Symposium on Antennas

and Propagation Society, pp. 1-4, 2008. [3] A. Feresidis, J. C. Vardaxoglou, “Flat Plate Millimeter Wave Antenna

Based on Partially Reflective FSS,” International Conference on

Antennas and Propagation, vol. 1, pp. 33-36, 2001 [4] O. Ayop, M. K. A. Rahim, M. R. Kamarudin, M. Z. A. Abd Aziz, M. Abu,

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Elhenawy, “Ultrawide Bandwidth Umbrella-Shaped Microstrip

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(SAMC),” vol. 8, pp. 1255-1258, 2009.

[6] A. Foroozesh, L. Shafai, “Effects of Artificial Magnetic Conductors in the Design of Low-Profile High-Gain Planar Antennas with High-

Permittivity Dielectric Superstrate,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless

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[7] A. Erentok, P. L. Luljak, R. W. Ziolkowski, “Characterization of a Volumetric Metamaterial Realization of an Artificial Magnetic

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and Propagation, vol. 53, issue 1, part 1, pp. 160-172, 2005

[8] W. Y., Qiang, F. Tao, “The Study on a Patch Antenna with PBG

Structure,” Third International Symposium on Intelligent Information

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[11] CST Microwave Studio 2013.Available at www.cst.com.

[12] C. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory Analysis and Design,” John Wiley &

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BIOGRAPGHIES

1Er . Arashpreet Kaur (Age 25 Years) is Lecturer

inDepartment of Electronics & Communication

Engineering (ECE)at RIMT Polytechnic, Mandi

Gobindgarh.She is Graduate from I.E.T Bhaddal, Ropar in 2010.She is Post Graduation(Part time)Student in

Department of Electronics & Communication

Engineering (ECE), Punjabi University, Patiala.

2Er. Amandeep Singh (Age 29 Years) is an Assistant

Professor in Department of Electronics &

Communication Engineering (ECE) at Punjabi

University, Patiala. His area of specialization is VLSI

design, Wireless communication, Antennas. He is

member of International Association of Engineers

3Er. Ekambir Sidhu (Age 25 Years) is an Assistant

Professor in Department of Electronics &

Communication Engineering (ECE) at Punjabi

University, Patiala. His area of specialization is

Antennas for Wideband and Ultra wide band

applications and Wireless Sensors. He is a Post

Graduate from Thapar University, Patiala in 2012

(Gold Medalist) and has been consistently involved in

research work on Antennas and Wireless Sensors.

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comparative study of square csrr and circular csrr...

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