comparing conventional tillage and no till sudeep singh sidhu soil 4213
TRANSCRIPT
Comparing Comparing Conventional Conventional
Tillage and No TillTillage and No Till
Sudeep Singh Sudeep Singh SidhuSidhu
SOIL 4213SOIL 4213
What Is Tillage?What Is Tillage?
The operation, The operation, practice or art of practice or art of tilling or preparing tilling or preparing land for sowing, land for sowing, and keeping the and keeping the ground in proper ground in proper state for growth of state for growth of crops.crops.
http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Tillage
WHY PERFORM TILLAGEWHY PERFORM TILLAGE THE PHYSICAL THE PHYSICAL
MANIPULATION OF MANIPULATION OF THE SOIL FOR THE THE SOIL FOR THE PURPOSES OF:PURPOSES OF: Management of previous Management of previous
crop residuescrop residues Control of competing Control of competing
vegetationvegetation Incorporation of Incorporation of
amendmentsamendments Preparation of a Preparation of a
seedbedseedbed CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE
LEAVES 5- 10% SURFACE LEAVES 5- 10% SURFACE RESIDUERESIDUE
Types of tillageTypes of tillage
PrimaryPrimary Incorporation of Incorporation of
plant residues plant residues and fertilizersand fertilizers
Secondary tillageSecondary tillage Weed Weed
Management Management Seed bed Seed bed
preparationpreparation
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Loss of SOMLoss of SOM Expensive – Labor, Equipments, Time Expensive – Labor, Equipments, Time
& Fuel& Fuel Less water holding capacityLess water holding capacity Wind and water erosionWind and water erosion Destruction of soil poresDestruction of soil pores Aggregate Breakdown- CrustingAggregate Breakdown- Crusting Compaction- Restricts root growth & Compaction- Restricts root growth &
water infiltrationwater infiltration
CROP RESIDUE IS STILL THE BEST CROP RESIDUE IS STILL THE BEST EROSION PREVENTION TOOLEROSION PREVENTION TOOL
REDUCED DETACHMENT
HINDERS OVERLAND FLOW
IMPROVED INFILTRATION
ROTATIONS MAINTAIN SOIL STRUCTURE
No Till - DefinitionNo Till - Definition
Planting crops Planting crops without prior seedbed without prior seedbed preparation, into an preparation, into an existing cover crop, or existing cover crop, or crop residues, and crop residues, and eliminating eliminating subsequent tillage subsequent tillage operations. operations.
Plant CropHarvest
Plant Cover Kill Cover
AdvantagesAdvantages
↑ ↑ Soil Organic MatterSoil Organic Matter ↑ ↑ Water conservationWater conservation ↑ ↑ Available nitrogenAvailable nitrogen ↑ ↑ Water Stable Aggregates – gums, Water Stable Aggregates – gums,
gels etcgels etc ↑ ↑ Biological ActivityBiological Activity ↓ ↓ ErosionErosion ↓ ↓ Heat StressHeat Stress ↓ ↓ Summer FallowingSummer Fallowing ↓ ↓ Weed PopulationWeed Population
Heat Stress and YieldHeat Stress and Yield
TreatmTreatmentent
Heat Stress Heat Stress Index (Index (ooC)C)
BiomaBiomassss
(kg/ (kg/ ha)ha)
YieldYield
(kg/ (kg/ ha)ha)5 cm5 cm 10 cm10 cm
NTNT 12781278 896896 40904090 966966
CTCT 24022402 16981698 15741574 391391HSI = Σ (Ti – Tc )
Wang et al. (2007)
ReferencesReferences Lankoski, J., Ollikainen, M. and Uusitalo, P. (2006). Lankoski, J., Ollikainen, M. and Uusitalo, P. (2006).
No-till technology: benefits to farmers and the No-till technology: benefits to farmers and the environment? Theoretical analysis and application to environment? Theoretical analysis and application to Finnish agriculture. Finnish agriculture. European Review of Agricultural European Review of Agricultural EconomicsEconomics 33: 193-221. 33: 193-221.
Wang, H., Lemke, R., Goddard, T. and Sprout, C. Wang, H., Lemke, R., Goddard, T. and Sprout, C. (2007). Tillage and root heat stress in wheat in central (2007). Tillage and root heat stress in wheat in central Alberta. Alberta. Canadian Journal of Soil ScienceCanadian Journal of Soil Science 87: 87: 3-10. 3-10.
http://southcenters.osu.edu/soil/compact.htmhttp://southcenters.osu.edu/soil/compact.htm http://www.extsoilcrop.colostate.edu/Newsletters/http://www.extsoilcrop.colostate.edu/Newsletters/
2002/May2002/May www.nhaindia.com/images/cultivator.jpgwww.nhaindia.com/images/cultivator.jpg www.topcropmanager.comwww.topcropmanager.com
Continued…Continued… http://www.fotosearch.com/photos-images/tillagehttp://www.fotosearch.com/photos-images/tillage
_2.html_2.html www.thunderdisc.com/images/graphics/www.thunderdisc.com/images/graphics/
1000024.jpg1000024.jpg
www.funkworkz.com/.../MoldboardPlowAfter.JPGwww.funkworkz.com/.../MoldboardPlowAfter.JPG www.tulsipeople.com/.../05/indiawww.tulsipeople.com/.../05/india
%20farming.jpg%20farming.jpg www.ccma.vic.gov.au/soilhealth/www.ccma.vic.gov.au/soilhealth/ www.auri.org/proproj/rottine1.jpgwww.auri.org/proproj/rottine1.jpg