comparison of adjectives and adverbs
DESCRIPTION
Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs. Latin II Grammar Review: Lesson 8b. Use of Adverbs. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs . That dog is running quickly . That very fast dog is a greyhound. The dog race will end very soon. Formation of Adverbs. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
COMPARISON OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBSADVERBSLatin II Grammar Review: Lesson Latin II Grammar Review: Lesson 8b8b
Use of AdverbsUse of Adverbs
Adverbs describe Adverbs describe verbs, verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.adjectives, and other adverbs. That dog is running That dog is running quicklyquickly.. That That veryvery fast dog is a fast dog is a
greyhound.greyhound. The dog race will end The dog race will end veryvery
soon. soon.
Formation of AdverbsFormation of Adverbs
In English, adverbs are formed from In English, adverbs are formed from adjectivesadjectives Add –ly to adjectiveAdd –ly to adjective
Happy Happy Happily HappilyQuick Quick Quickly QuicklyBrave Brave Bravely BravelyBeautiful Beautiful Beautifully Beautifully
Latin adverbs are also formed from Latin adverbs are also formed from adjectivesadjectives
Formation of AdverbsFormation of Adverbs
11stst/2/2ndnd Declension Adjective Declension Adjective Add an “e” to adjective stemAdd an “e” to adjective stem
amicus - a, umamicus - a, um amiceamicefriendly friendly in a friendly wayin a friendly way
gratus – a, um gratus – a, um grategrategrateful grateful gratefullygratefully
pulcher, -ra, -rum pulcher, -ra, -rum pulchrepulchrebeautiful beautiful beautifullybeautifully
Formation of AdverbsFormation of Adverbs
33rdrd Declension Adjective Declension Adjective Add an “iter” to adj. StemAdd an “iter” to adj. Stem
Fortis, forte Fortis, forte fortiterfortiterbrave brave bravelybravely
Acer, acris, acre Acer, acris, acre acriteracritersharp sharp sharplysharply
Facilis, facile Facilis, facile faciliterfacilitereasy easy easily easily
Comparison of Adjectives & Comparison of Adjectives & AdverbsAdverbs
Adjectives Adjectives and Adverbs and Adverbs possess 3 possess 3 degrees: degrees: PositivePositive ComparativeComparative SuperlativeSuperlative
Comparison of Adjectives & Comparison of Adjectives & AdverbsAdverbs
Positive = simple Positive = simple descriptiondescription
Comparative = Comparative = compares a quality compares a quality between 2 objectsbetween 2 objects
Superlative = one Superlative = one object is compared object is compared to 3 or more other to 3 or more other objectsobjects
Comparison of Adjectives & Comparison of Adjectives & AdverbsAdverbs
In English….In English…. Positive = regular adjectivePositive = regular adjective
beautiful, happy, fast, beautiful, happy, fast, brave…brave…
Comparative = adj.+ “-er,” Comparative = adj.+ “-er,” “more…,” or “rather…”“more…,” or “rather…” More beautiful, happier, More beautiful, happier,
faster, braver…faster, braver… Superlative = adj. + “-est,” Superlative = adj. + “-est,”
or “most…” or “very…”or “most…” or “very…” Very beautiful, happiest, Very beautiful, happiest,
fastest, bravest…fastest, bravest…
Comparison of Comparison of AdjectivesAdjectives
Positive = “regular Positive = “regular adjective”adjective”
amicus, amica, amicum = amicus, amica, amicum = friendlyfriendly
miser, misera, miserum = miser, misera, miserum = sadsad
acer, acris, acre = sharpacer, acris, acre = sharp
Comparison of Comparison of AdjectivesAdjectives
Comparative = Comparative = add add -ior-ior (m/f) (m/f) --iusius (n) to (n) to stemstem Decline just as a 3Decline just as a 3rdrd declension declension
adjectiveadjective
Amicior, amicius = Amicior, amicius = friendlierfriendlier miserior, miserius = miserior, miserius = saddersadder acrior, acrius = acrior, acrius = sharpersharper
Comparison of Comparison of AdjectivesAdjectives
Superlative = Superlative = add add -issimus - a, um (--issimus - a, um (-rimus, -limus)rimus, -limus)* * to to stemstem Decline like 1Decline like 1stst/2/2ndnd declension declension
adjectivesadjectives Amicissimus – a, um = friendliestAmicissimus – a, um = friendliest Miserrimus – a, um = saddestMiserrimus – a, um = saddest Acerrismus – a, um = sharpestAcerrismus – a, um = sharpest Simillimus – a, um = most/very similarSimillimus – a, um = most/very similar Facillimus – a, um = easiestFacillimus – a, um = easiest
Comparison of AdverbsComparison of Adverbs
Follow the Follow the same basic same basic rules for rules for adjectives, adjectives, with one with one exception…exception…
Comparison of AdverbsComparison of Adverbs
Comparative – use the neuter Comparative – use the neuter formform Amicior, Amicior, amiciusamicius
Superlative – follow the same Superlative – follow the same rules as the positiverules as the positive amicissimus amicissimus amicissimeamicissime miserrimusmiserrimus miserrimemiserrime facillimus facillimus facillimefacillime
Quam with the Quam with the ComparativeComparative
Use the word Use the word quam quam to compare the to compare the quality of quality of two objects or actionstwo objects or actions. .
The two objects or actionsThe two objects or actions must must have the same form (same case have the same form (same case and number; same person, and number; same person, number, tense, voice, and moodnumber, tense, voice, and mood))..
Quam with the Quam with the ComparativeComparative
Fortiorem virum quam Fortiorem virum quam illumillum non vidi.non vidi.
Note that Note that virumvirum and and illumillum are being are being describeddescribed
Note that both words Note that both words are accusative singularare accusative singular
Quam with the Quam with the ComparativeComparative
Hic Hic monsmons est est altior quam altior quam illeille..
Note that Note that monsmons and and illeille are being comparedare being compared
Note that both words Note that both words are nominative singularare nominative singular
Quam with the Quam with the Superlative AdverbSuperlative Adverb
Quam with the superlative is Quam with the superlative is translated “as...as possible”translated “as...as possible”
Quam fortissimeQuam fortissime pugnabimus.pugnabimus. We will fight We will fight as bravely as as bravely as
possiblepossible.. Ea Ea quam celerrimequam celerrime aderit.aderit.
She will be here She will be here as quickly as as quickly as possiblepossible..