COMPARISION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF

BAUHINIA VARIEGATA

K.SHANTHI(13GD1R0012)

B.PHARMACY IVTH YEARUNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

Mr P.KISHORE KUMAR , M.PHARM(DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY)

INTRODUCTION:

Herbal medicine is the use of whole plant preparation and is the oldest known form

of medicine.

It has been used for over 2,000 years and is still the major form of medicine for over

75% of the world’s population.

Our ancestors used trial and error to discover the most effective local plants for the

treatment of illness.

Advances in science Bauhinia variegata have enabled a better understanding of the

physiological effects of herbs on the human body and therefore their role in restoring

health.

Herbal medicines support the body’s natural healing process and aim to treat the

person as well as the disease. is native to south eastern Asia, from southern china

west to Pakistan and India.

The major chemical constituents of the plant were found to be flavones, flavanol

glycoside, triterpene, phenanthraquinone. Bauhinia variegata shows anti

inflammatory, chemo protective and hepatoprotectivity.

The traditional approach on herbal drug research consists of the following steps. Identification of the plant reportedly in use. collection of the plant. Transport of the plant to the research laboratory. Storage of the plant. Preparation of the extracts. Toxicity studies of the plant. Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of the extracts in animal models. Identification of the extracts which is having more activities. Further fractionation of the active molecule. Structural elucidation of the bio-active molecule. Synthesis of bio-active molecule.

PLANT DISCRIPTION:• Plant material:

The leaves of bauhinia variegata plant were collected and leaves

were dried under shade for 15 days, coarsely powdered and stored

in air tight container for the further study.

PLANT PROFILE:•Botanical description:

Botanically Raktakanchanara is identified as bauhinia variegata

and is a member of caesalpinaceae family. Bauhinia which is a

large genus belongs to caesalpiniaceous subfamily under which

250 species have been described. In India the family is represented

by 16 genera.In bauhinia about 15 species occur in India .

.

MORPHOLOGY:

Distribution: Distributed throughout India in area about 1800 meters

in elevation. It is also distributed throughout tropical regions of the

world.

Habitat: Distributed in Punjab, central and south India & china. It

occurs in tropical regions and found throughout India. It is found wild

in sub Himalayan tract and outer Himalaya’s up to 1300 meters.

Habit:A medium sized deciduous tree ascending to an altitude of 1300

meters in Himalayas found in deciduous forests. Also grown as

ornamental tree for its beautiful appearance in flowers.

Bark: Grey with longitudinal cracks, pale pink inside. Wood

moderately hard. Greyish brown with irregular patches.

Leaves: Leaves are 10-15 cm long, petiolate divide into 2 lobes. Base is

usually deeply cordate,11-15 nerved. Leaflets 11-13cm,adnate to about

2/3rds up, ovate-oblong or rounded, nerves 11 from base, transverse

nervules, prominent, connate for about 2/3rds up, leaflets ovate, rounded

apex, upper side glabous.

Flowers: Flowers are white or pink,large and fragnant. The uppermost

petal darker and variegated usually appears before the leaves in short

axillary or terminal racemes. Pedicles short or sessile. Calyx pulses cent out

side. Petals 5-6.3cm long obviate with white or pale purple petals. Stamens

are less, staminodes absent.

Fruit:15-20/1.2 cm flat, hard dehiscent, dark brown pod glabous.10-15

seeded.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

Sl.no Physical constants Results

1 Ash values

a)Total Ash 9.50%w/w

b)Acid insoluble Ash 6.95%w/w

c)Water Soluble Ash 4.75%w/w

2 Extractive values

a)Water soluble extractive 7.65%w/w

b)Chloroform soluble

extractive

8.95%w/w

c)Acetone-water soluble

extractive

2.25%w/w

d)Petroleum ether soluble

extractive

0.30%w/w

3 Loss on drying 0.60%w/w

1 Colour Greyish-brown

2 Odour Characteristic

3 Taste Astringent

4 Shape Curved

5 Texture Rough

ORGANOLEPTIC STUDY:In organoleptic evaluation, various sensory parameters of the

plant material, Such as colour, Odour, taste, shape and texture of the powder were studied.

Kingdom Planate-plants

Sub-kingdom Tracheobionta-vascular plants

Super division Spermatophyte-flowering plants

Division Magnoliophyta-dicotyledons

Class Magnoliopsida

Sub-class Rosidae

Order Roseales

Family Fabaceae

Sub family Caesalpinaceae

Genus Bauhinia

Species Variegata.L

Botanical name Bauhinia variegate Linn

Taxonomical Classification:

Sanskrit Phalgu

Hindi Kachnar

Telugu Adavimandaramu,devakanchanamu

Tamil Kattaki,kanjani

Odia Kachan,borada,kosonara

Malayalam Chuvannamandaram,mandaramu

Punjab Kanchanal,kovidara,kolar

Kannada Kanchavala,bilimandar

Vernacular Names:

Leaf Stomatal

index

Palisade

ratio

Vein islet

–No

Vein-

terminatio

n No

Bauhinia

variegata

5.28 7 8.7 6.4

Leaf Constants Of Bauhinia Variegata:

EXTRACTION WITH METHANOL

  Dried and powdered

  Powder was extracted with 30ml of Methanol of 100%

chloroformfor 2hrs at 65-75O C for three times

  Filter the extract by using Buchner funnel

  Filtrate was concentrated by using rota vapour

 3gms of powder

200gm of bauhinia variegata leaves

DETERMINATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY:

The inhibitory activity of the studied compounds on Carrageenan-induced

rat’spaw edema was determined according to the method of Winter et al. The

rats were divided in groups of 5 each. Acute inflammation was induced by

intraplantar administration of 0.1 ml 1% freshly prepared Carrageenan or

Dextran solution in to the right hind paw of each rat. The rats were treated with

normal saline, crude extract or aqueous fraction (200 mg/kg or 250 mg/kg P.O)

1 hour before administration of inflammatory agent. Paw volume of rats were

measured prior to administration of inflammatory agent and then at

predetermined intervals. For Carrageenan the interval was 1 hour for 6 hours,

while Dextran was 30 minute for 4 hours, change in paw volume was measured

using Vernier calliper and anti-inflammatory activity calculated.

Table -1:Effect of methanol extract of bauhinia variegata oncarrageenan –induced paw edema in rats:

1hr 2hr 3hr 4hr 5hr 6hrNormal saline 5ml/kg 42.2±4.1 59.3± 3.3 63.1±2.3 62.1±3.8 58.8±1.8 61.5±5.3

Methanol extract 200 28.3± 2.4 38.2± 2.4 50.2± 1.2 47.8±1.8 50.3±1.4 42.3±3.1Methanol extract 250 35.1± 5.8 37.2± 3.6 53.1±0.8 51.4±1.2 39.5±1.5 34.5±2.1Diclofenac sodium 10 27.3± 6.1 37.2±9.8 42.3±7.1 38.9±7.1 38.2±7.1 33.7±8.7

Treatment Dose(mg/kg)Mean paw edema (paw circumference)(mm)

Value are expressed as Mean ± SEM P<0.05 when compared with control group (n=5)

Table 2:Effect of methanol extract of bauhinia variegata on dextran-induced paw edema in rats

30 min 60 min 90 min 120 min 150 min 180 min 210 min 240 minNormal saline 5 57.7±7.4 66.5±7.8 56.8±6.3 43.1±7.3 40.8±5.3 32.9±5.7 32.1±4.0 21.8±6.1Methanol extract 200 69.8±2.9 63.8±9.4 56.3±7.2 47.6±7.2 37.8±5.6 37.8±5.2 25.3±4.5 18.0±4.6Methanol extract 250 54.2±6.4 *50.7±6.5**40.6±5.8*33.2±5.922.2±5.1 22.2±3.7 16.4±4.1 11.9±4.1Diclofenac sodium 10 48.8±4.5 *40.1±4.7**29.2±1.826.0±2.9 20.0±5.3 20.0±5.3 8.8±4.5 4.1±2.6

TreatmentMean paw edema (paw circumference)(mm)

Dose(mg/kg)

Values are expressed as Mean±SEM**P<0.01,*P<0.05 when compared control group.(n=5)

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that Methanol extract of Bauhinia variegata has anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan and dextran induced paw edema in rats. These activities may be due to their content of tannins, steroids, flavonoids and carbohydrates. This study demonstrates the efficacy of Bauhinia variegata as an anti- inflammatory agent and also scientifically justifies the use of this plant as an anti – edematous agent. However further study is required to determine the constituents responsible for the anti- inflammatory activity.

Reference:

1. Mohamed MA, Mammoud et al., Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-

inflammatory activities of a new triterpene saponin from Bauhinia variegata

leaves. Z Naturforsch C, 2009, 798-808.

2. Rajani GP, Ashok P et al., In vitro antioxidant andantihyperlipidemic

activities of Bauhinia variegata Linn. Indian J Pharmacol, 2009, 227-32.

3. Surendhra HH, Bodakheand Alpana Ram.Hepatoprotective properties of

Bauhinia variegata bark extract. Yakugaku Zasshi the pharma society of Jap,

2007,1507-1509.

4. Padma M Paarakh et al., Journal of Pharmacy Research,2009, 1196-1198.

5. Mohamed MA, Mammoud et al., Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-

inflammatory activities of a new triterpene saponin from Bauhinia variegata

leaves.Z Naturforsch C, 2009,798-808.

THANK YOU