compensation for environmental services in the andes ...categoría 3 o bosque prim. no interv. = $...
TRANSCRIPT
Consortium for the SustainableDevelopment of the Andean Ecoregion
Stockholm, World Water Week, 23 August 2006
Compensation for Environmental Services in the Andes, reflections for a wider application
Héctor CisnerosCONDESAN Coordinator
Outline of the Presentation:
• Introduction• CES as a mechanism of CNR + PA• Critical steps? • Context considerations• Process considerations• Looking into the future
InternationalCooperationNGOs
Private Sector Local Government & Govt Agencies, Andean Community-CAN
UniversitiesNational &InternationalResearch Centers
• R & D• Ecoregional approach• Local, national, regional
PIURA
AREQUIPA
Andean Watersheds CPW&F
Rainfall
Poverty and Degradation of Natural Resources
Land Tenure Education and Capacity
Rural investment in Environmental ServicesAccess to markets and services
The context and challenges in the Andes
Pérdida de biodiversidad
Alto grado dedeforestación
Disminucióncalidad aguax contaminac
Alta vulnera-bilidad a
desastres
Alto grado deerosión
Bajo nivel deinversionesen el s. rural
Alto grado depobreza rural
Alta migra-ción pobla-ción jovén
Baja productividad enprod. rural
Degradacióndel regiménhidrólogico
Alta conflic-tividad entre
actoresDismin. volu.Agua disp. enépoca critica
Sedimenta-ción repre-
sas, canales
Escasavaloración de
RRNN
Deficienteinfraestructura
física
Deficien. sis-temas planif.
territorrialAlto
crecimientopoblacional
Difícil accesoa serviciospúblicos
Baja efecti-vidad de po-líticas de DR
Predominiodel
minifundio
Altos costosde
transacción
MainMain ProblemsProblems of Andean of Andean BasinsBasins
CES for wider application....
Possible?
Desirable?
Is CES the answer?
Conservation of NR Poverty Alleviation
NR Management Plans
Terracing
Reforestation
Cash crops
Value adding
Value chain
EducationPublic Awareness
TrainingTechnical Assistance
InformationSustainable Income
CES
Food for Work (several)Cash for work (several)
TA for work
No market mechanismSociety compensatingES is not quantified or valuedResponse to deterioration of NR
Water-related CESUpper catchments-NR degradation-people
Conservationof NR
PovertyAlleviation
ES
ES userES supplier
Income
Production, marketsValue AddedInvestment
MethodologyVariablesModels
StrategicPartnership
WatershedAnalysis-HRU
Valuationof ES R
ESEARCH
DEVELOPMENT
NR Management Income Generation
Setting ofPriority areas
Ideally…
StrategicPartnership
WatershedAnalysis
Valuationof ES
Setting ofPriority areas
• Conservation and Development simultaneously• Cannot apply “whoever affects the environment pays”• Society as a whole not ready to compensate• Awareness and education levels are relatively low • Other priorities• NR deterioration exists where is no evident ES demand. Coca
Context
StrategicPartnership
WatershedAnalysis
Valuationof ES
Setting ofPriority areas
WatershedAnalysis
• Diagnosis a necessary step
•Which areas are generating ES?
• How sophisticated? Inter-relationships
• Territorial Zoning - CNR
• Social-economic mapping
• Land use maps
• Management Plans
Community Participatory Planning
Demand for CNR from within the community
StrategicPartnership
WatershedAnalysis
Valuationof ES
Setting ofPriority areas
Valuationof ES
• Establish a value for the ES
• Is it always needed? Costly
• Negotiations without valuation of ES
• Which method and how rigorous should it be ?
• Combine environment and socio-economic aspects
• Clear evidence of provision of ES
• Any participatory and simple way to do it?
ExampleExample: : PaymentPayment categoriescategories
Categoría 1 o páramo no intervenido = $ 1,00 / mes / ha.Categoría 2 o páramo intervenido = $ 0.50 / mes / haCategoría 3 o bosque prim. no interv. = $ 1,00 / mes / haCategoría 4 o bosque primario interv. = $ 0.50 / mes / haCategoría 5 o bosque secundario viejo= $ 0.75 / mes / haCategoría 4 o bosque sec. joven = $ 0.50 / mes / haCategoría 5 o áreas de agr/gan = $ 0.00 / mes / haCategoría 6 o áreas degradadas = $ 0.00 / mes /ha
Source – UMAT, Paramo of Pimampiro, Ecuador
StrategicPartnership
WatershedAnalysis
Valuationof ES
Setting ofPriority areas
Setting ofPriority areas
• Areas for intervention, where and for what
• When it is evident vs not evident provision of ES. Need valuation?
• Better use of scarce resources
• Not necessarily based on economic valuation but social variables
• Other activities in the area, mining
• Better chance of alliances
StrategicPartnership
WatershedAnalysis
Valuationof ES
Setting ofPriority areas
StrategicPartnership
• For action
• Contract for provision of ES – supply & demand
• Agreements of different kind, LT platforms
• Co-investment, warranty funds, credit
• Set up a FUND for actions. Different contributors and mechanisms
• Social control
MoyobambaPopulation of 40.000
• Dispersion• Fund• Not CES
Time
Income
Income in relation to land use change and CES
BeforeCES
Land usechange
AfterCES
A
B
C
StrategicPartnership
WatershedAnalysis
Valuationof ES
Setting ofPriority areas
StrategicPartnership
WatershedAnalysis
Valuationof ES
Setting ofPriority areas
Ri o Agua ri co
Rio Napo
Rio Na p o
Ri o Putumayo
Rio Yavari
Rio Tig re
Ri o Past aza
Rio Tigre
Rio U ca yali
Ri o Cene pa
Rio S antiago
Rio S isa
Rio Hu am
bo
Rio
Abi
seo
Rio
Agu
ay
tia
Rio Tam
ay a
Rio
Pa c
hite
a
Rio Yuru a
Rio In uya
Rio Sepahu a
Rio Urub amb a
Rio
Hea
t h
Rio Carabaya
Rio V i to r
Ri o Colc a
Ri o Pi sco
Ri o
Gra
nde
Rio
Ica
Rio C
an
e te
Rio
Mala
Rio C
hancayRi o M antaro
Rio
For
talez
a
Rio S
anta
Rio H ua nca ba mb a
Rio
Piu
ra
Rio Ch ir a
Rio
Tum
bes
Rio A
lt o P
u ru s
Rio de la s P iedr as
Ri o Manu
Rio Ene
Ri o H ual laga
Rio Tambo
Rio Locumba
Rio
Cap
lina
Rio Ayaviri
Ri o Ilav
e
Ri o Inambar i
Rio Tambopata
Rio Madre de D ios
Rio Br eu
Rio Pal cazu
Rio Tambo
Rio Apurimac
Rio
Man
taro
Rio Urubamba
Rio Apur im
a c
Rio
Oco
n a
Rio Cama n
a
Rio
Acar i
Rio H ua ura
Rio Rimac
Rio
C
hil l on
Rio G rand e
Rio San ta
Rio Pati vilca
Rio Requ e
Rio Chi cam
a
Rio Maranon
Rio Chinchipe
Rio Maranon
Rio
Hu a
llaga
Ri o Mar anon
Rio Cur acay
Rio Napo
Rio Pu tumayo
Rio Camp uyaRio Tamboryacu
Rio Amazonas
Rio Biab o
Rio Ucayali
Rio t ap ich e
Ri o Ucay ali
Ri o
Poz
u so
#Y
#Y
#Y #Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
#Y
LORETO
PUNO
UCAYALI
CUSCO
JUNIN
LIMA
AREQUIPA
ICA
PIURA
MADRE DE DIOS
ANCASH
SAN MARTIN
AYACUCHO
HUANUCO
PASCO
AMAZONAS
CAJAMARCA
TACNA
APURIMAC
LA LIBERTAD
HUANCAVELICA
MOQUEGUA
LAMBAYEQUE
TUMBES
ICAICA
PUNO
CUSCO
TACNA
PIURA
HUARAZ
TUMBES
IQUITOS
HUANUCO
ABANCAY
CHICLAYO
TRUJILLO
HUANCAYO
MOQUEGUA
PUCALLPA
AYACUCHO
MOYOBAMBA
CAJAMARCA
CHACHAPOYAS
LIMA
HUANCAVELICA
CERRO DE PASCO
PU ERTO MALDONADO
LAGO TITICACA
LAGO JUNIN
AREQUIPA
73° 71°81° 79° 75°77° 69°
18°
16°
14°
12°
10°
8°
6°
4°
2°
0°
69°77° 75°79°81° 71°73°
0°
2°
4°
6°
8°
10°
12°
14°
16°
18°
Area de Deforestación
LEYENDAOCEANO PACIFICO
N
Capital de Departamento
Lagos y Lagunas
Rios
Limite Departamental
Capital de la Republica
Limite Internacional
SIGNOS CONVENCIONALES
#Y
BRASIL
ECUADOR COLOMBIA
BOLI
VIA
CHILE
80º 70º 60º 50º 40º
40º50º60º70º80º90º100º 20º30º
40º
30º
20º
10º
0º
10º 10º
0º
10º
20º
30º
40º
ECUADO R
CO LOM BIA
VENEZUELA
GUYANAS
BRASIL
BO LIVIA
P E R U
PARAGUAY
ARGENT INAURU GUAY
CH ILE
O C E
A N
O P A C I F I C O
O C
E A
N O
A
T L
A N
T I C
O
PANAMA
8Bogota
Caracas8
Georgetow n8 Paramarib o
8
Cayenna8
Brasilia8
8
La Paz
Montevide o8
Buenos Ai res8
Asuncion
8
Santiago8
Quito8
Panama
8
Lima"8
EN LAAMERICA D EL SUR
EL PERU
MAPA DE UBICACION
MAPA DE AREAS DEFORESTACIONAÑO 2000
Conservation agricultureAlternatives
(Cannot rely on benefiting with ES only from users)
Overlap technologies – environmental and economic benefits:Sprinkler irrigation, reservoir, agroforestry practices,Ecoturism. LT & ShT
… maintaining the ecosystem and the ES
A true CES
No land use change
Research Considerations:
• Minimum information for action (initial and long term)• Simplify• Provision of evidence of ES supplied – valuation, payment• Map of potential CES application• Role of researcher-convener• Comparative analysis
• Success factors, special conditions• Methodologies• Monitoring strategies• Policy changes
• CES as a means to bring other national private investment ?
Concluding Remarks
• CES is a subset of possibilities, has limitations, is a tool• Can bring stakeholders together – Fund, projection to LT• Dialogue and platforms – taylor made solutions• Cannot avoid the long term aspects – youth,
education, awareness, countries’ economy, culture• Prevention, beyond reaction• Innovation systems approach – networking, social variables• Linking local, national and regional levels – critical mass• Step by step
Thank you!
¡Muchas gracias!
www.waterforfood.org www.condesan.org