competitive advantage through corporate social responsibility (csr) - professor david eaton
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COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE THROUGH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Professor David EatonUniversity of Salford, UK
PVPLS SoBE Lecture Series5TH DECEMBER 2011
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INTRODUCTIONStructure of Presentation:
– Definition of CSR;– Scope of Industry;– Definition of CA;– Difficulties of defining CA;
– Methodology – by case study;
– Outputs and Benefits.
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CSR DEFINITIONSCSR – Business exceeding the legal or
commercial expectations of society in the management of economic, social, and environmental impacts;
CSR – delivering the TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE; economic, social and environmental
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CSR – Revised Methodology
– Sextuple Bottom Line – SLEEPT.
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SocialLegalEconomicEnvironmentalPoliticalTechnological
SLEEPT: – Sextuple Bottom Line
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Key Issues -1
Is Corporate Social Responsibility:–Accepted as important by business &
industry?;–Within the remit of a single business
entity?;–Incorporating features of ‘community’
concern?;–Incorporating issues of the ‘wider society?
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CSR PERSPECTIVES
Pure PHILANTHROPY - ......
Rational Business Decision – Business Enlightened Self-Interest
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PERSPECTIVES - 1
Stakeholder Levels:
–Systems;–Stakeholders;–Enterprise Cultures;–Globalisation.
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PERSPECTIVES - 2Time Scales:
–Short term;–Medium term;–Long term;–Whole Life Cycles.
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CSR CRITERIA of PUBLIC SECTOR
Anti-Corruption;
Sustainability;
Poverty Reduction;
Ubuntu ( Respect & Human Dignity).
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CA
Definition-
Standard Models-–Canalised,–Neotenic,–Progenesic,–Parasitic,–BZ Oscillatory
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FACTORS INVESTMENTINNOVATIO
NWEALTH
PROFIT
TIME
CA PROCESS
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F Inv Inno W
Key:
F Factor
Inv Investment
Inno Innovation
W Wealth
TEMPORAL DEVELOPMENT: Standard Canalisation Evolution
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F Inv Inno W
Key:
F Factor
Inv Investment
InnoInnovation
W Wealth
TEMPORAL DEVELOPMENT: Neotenic Evolution
Type1
Type2
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F Inv Inno W
Key:
F Factor
Inv Investment
InnoInnovation
W Wealth
Progenesic Evolution
Type1
Type2
F1
F2
Inv1
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FP InvP InnoP WP
Key:
F Factor
Inv Investment
InnoInnovation
W Wealth
Parasitic Evolution
FH InvH InnoH WH
Parasite
Host
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B-Z OSCILLATORY
F Inv Inno W
Key:
F Factor
Inv Investment
Inno Innovation
W Wealth
(B-Z) Belousov-Zhabotinskii
TEMPORAL DEVELOPMENT: B-Z Oscillatory Evolution
Fig.5
Type1 Type2 Type3
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QUALIFICATIONS & RESERVATIONS
Approximation of a Fuzzy & Complex Adaptive Dynamic Non-Linear system;
Zero Sum Process;
Limited to Rational Economic behaviour;
Appropriation by Ethical behaviour;
Negative Entropy;
Risk Transfer and Risk Profiles and VfM;
Mirror Congruence;
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RISK PROFILE
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RISK TRANSFER PROFILE
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MIRROR CONGRUENCE
SPV GA
RTA VfM
Aff
RTAVfM
Aff
Reflection Mirror Axis
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EXAMPLE
Dundee-Arbroath A92 Scotland
Reference details:
Claimed Benefits;
Triangulation;
Realisation;– Canalised,– Neotenic,– Progenesic,– Parasitic,– BZ Oscillatory.
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REFERENCE DETAILS
Eaton, D and Akbiyikli, R. (2008) The Effect of Risk Transfer in PPP’s: An evaluation based on a UK Road Project. In Davis, H (Ed) Infrastructure Finance: Trends and Techniques. Euromoney, New York. (2008)
Eaton, D & Akbiyikli, R. Innovation in PPP. Book Chapter Ed by A Akintoye & Beck. Blackwells. (2008)
Eaton, D. (2008) Creating an Accurate Risk Register Encompassing Lucid Tender Requirements and Its Importance in Construction Competition. Marcus Evans, Prague.
Eaton, D. Public Private Partnerships. (2008) In Udrzitelny Rozvoj V Oblasti Spravy Majetku, (Environmental Issues of Development) Ed by Beran and Casensky, Pp245-250. ISBN80-01-03578-6. CVUT v Praze.
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REFERENCES (CONT’D) Akbiyikli, R. Eaton, D. & Dikmen, U. (2010) Private Finance Initiative (PFI) for Road Projects in the UK – Current Practice with a case study. Traffic and Transportation Journal PROMET, Zagreb, Croatia. (SCI Indexed Journal)
Akbiyikli, R & Eaton, D. (2010) A Conceptual Framework for Operation and Maintenance Management in PFI Road Projects in the UK. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, JCEM Vilnius Lithuania. (SCI Indexed Journal)
Akbiyikli, R. Eaton, D. & Dikmen, U. (2010) Sustainable Construction and Private Finane Initiative Road Projects in the UK. Journal of Technological and Economical Development of Economy, JTEDE Vilnius Lithuania (SCI Indexed Journal)
Akbiyikli, R. Eaton, D. & Dikmen, U. (2010) Financing Road Projects by PFI: Current Practice in the UK Journal of Transport, Vilnius Lithuania. (SCI Indexed Journal)
Akbiyikli, R. Dikmen, U. & Eaton,D. (2010) Risks and Risk Management in Heavy Cost Construction Projects. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice ASCE USA (SCI Indexed Journal)
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CLAIMED BENEFITS
Only way to do this! Been trying since 1966
Cost Saving – Approx 3%
Safety – No fatalities since opening
Environmental Improvements – landscaping and tree planting
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TRIANGULATION
In-Situ Interviews;– ‘The Jewel’ in the GA Crown!–Revitalisation of linear corridor– Increased housing development– Increased employment opportunities–Road traffic improvements
• Flow times• Accident reduction
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REALISATION–Canalised: road benefits–Neotenic: housing & social welfare
–Progenesic: new industry & employment
–Parasitic: trophic cascade–BZ Oscillatory: no evidence ++
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REVIEW
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Table 1: Public and Private Sector Attainment Matrix Beyond Traditional Procurement Mechanisms
PPP Criteria VfM Risk Transfer Resilience Affordability CSR Criteria Anti-corruption o + o + Sustainability + + + + Poverty reduction
o o + o
Ubuntu o o + o
Key + Positive outcome of criteria conjunction o No contribution above other procurement systems
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CSA SUMMARY
ANTI-CORRUPTION – improved by Risk Transfer and Affordability characteristics of PPP;
SUSTAINABILITY – improved by VfM, Risk Transfer, Resilience and Affordability charateristics;
POVERTY REDUCTION – improved by Resilience characteristics;
UBUNTU – improved by Resilience characteristics.
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CONCLUSION
Choice of Model;
Delivery of Model;
CSR – Clients and Industry: attainment;
CA – Clients and industry: achievement;
Multiple Reward Categories – SLEEPT – wider benefits than just economic!!!
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CONCLUSION
Corporate responsibility for:Economics
EnvironmentSocial
VfMRisk Transfer
ResilienceAffordability
Private Sector
Public Sector
Impact on SocietyCorruption
SustainabilityPovertyUbuntu
Joint Venture
PPP
Whole Life Cycle
SystemsStakeholders
Enterprise cultureGlobalisation