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1. ni!"eness##$o% is the &ey time to a't on federalism(e'onomy and )bama

ha*e 'reated 'lear im+li'ations on federalism.

Dinan and ,am&har 9John, Associate Prof of Political Science @ WFU, and Shama, Associate Prof of Political Affairs @ Univeristy of Texas,The State of American Federalism 2008200!" The Presidential #lection, the #conomic $o%nt&rn, and the 'onse(&ences

for Federalism, P&)li&s" The Jo&rnal of Federalism Advance Access ori*inally +&)lished online on ay -., 200!, /xford

Jo&rnals

$o 'onstit"tional amendments %ere ena'ted in 2--/2--90 and the S"+reme Co"rt iss"ed fe% de'isions this +ast year

altering the balan'e of federal and state +o%er.ather, the main 'hanges in federalism this +ast year %ere

a res"lt of the e'onomi' re'ession and 2-- ele'tion. The former de*elo+ment had the

+redi'table effe't of em+o%ering the federal go*ernment0 %ith its greater reso"r'esand

ca+a)ilities than state *overnments, to mo&nt a series of a**ressive res+onses to ameliorate economic conditions1 The


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latter de*elo+ment bro"ght a 'hange in +arty 'ontrol of the +residency and led to +residential directives and

con*ressional stat&tes that +&t federal +o%er in the service of a different set of +olicy *oals, en'o"raged state

dis'retion in a different set of areas0 and +ro*ided more finan'ial assistan'e to states than in

re'ent years. oth of these de*elo+ments had 'lear and immediate im+li'ations for federalism.

Ho%e*er0 in ea'h 'ase the long#term 'onse!"en'es remain to be determined and %ill de+end to

a great degree on 'hoi'es and de'isions yet to be made by federal0 state0 and lo'al offi'ials and

the general +"bli'.

2. Lin#Federal go*ernment trans+ortation infrastr"'t"re *iolate federalism##

not e+li'itly delegated in the 'onstit"tion.

Clayton 9


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rinn, The 'oerced States of America, htt+"33%%%1tenthamendmentcenter1com3200!3043053the6coerced6states6of6america3

The federal go*ernment +asses la%s regardingthings li&e ed"'ation, health

care, social servicesand high%ays, all of %hi'h are +o%ers not delegated in theConstit"tion and th"s are reser*ed for the states1 The federal go*ernment does not

'arry o"t these la%s0 b"t mandates or 'oer'es the states into administering

them. These la%s often are a''om+anied by f"nds b"t "s"ally not eno"gh

f"nds to f"lly a''om+lish the re!"irements of the la%s.4n some 'ases no f"nds

are atta'hed to the la%s0 as %hen the Congress +assed a national s+eed limit of

55 miles +er ho"r. States %ere 'om+elled to ado+t this s+eed limit or they

%o"ld lose federal high%ay money needed to maintain the federally mandated


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4nterstate High%ay System. Federal encroachment does not sto+ at the state

go*ernment1 7t etends to o"r 'ity and 'o"nty go*ernments in the areas of o"r lo'al boardof ed"'ation and de+artment of so'ial ser*i'es. Ho% a gro"+ of +oliti'ians in 7ashington 'an

thin& they 'an de'ide %hat is best for the +eo+le of 8oboro and Person Co"nty is beyond

reason. They +ass one#sie fits all la%s that end "+ not fitting anyone1 7 &st ho+e they don9t

start +assin* la%s *overnin* &nder%ear1 4t is "n'onstit"tional for the federalgo*ernment to +ass la%s go*erning ed"'ation0 health 'are0 so'ial ser*i'es0 and anything else

not en"merated in the Constit"tion1 &t they aren9t the only +er+etrators here1


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3. This *iolation of federalism %ill be modelled globally.

London --:er)ert ;ondon is +resident of :&dson 7nstit&te and +rofessor emerit&s of University, A+ril -, 2000, ?The #nemy Within

htt+"33%%%1h&dson1or*3index1cfmf&seactionB+&)licationCdetailsDidB-5!8D+&)Ty+eB:7CArticles

Fo&rth, the nited States +ossesses a sense of moral "ni*ersalism that eists no%here else1 7hen

one tal&s abo"tsome sort of exam+leEa model of h"man rights0 'onstit"tionalism, s&)sidiarity, r&le of

la%, and +ro+erty ri*htsEthe nited States stands alone. 4t is the model.


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so'ially dangero"s. Ameri'an federalism bl"rs o*er regional fa"lt lines0 ra'ial fa"lt lines0 and

religio"s and '"lt"ral fa"lt lines0 @"st as S%iss federalism bl"rs o*er ling"isti' fa"lt lines0

ethni' fa"lt lines0 and religio"s fa"lt lines1 nI0Small state federalism is a big +art of %hat &ee+s the

+ea'e in 'o"ntries li&e the nited Statesand S%iterland. 4t is a big +art of the reason %hy %e do

not ha*e a osnia or a $orthern 4reland or a as!"e 'o"ntry or a Che'hnyaor a 'orsica or a K&e)ec

+ro)lem1 n51 Ameri'an federalismin the end is not a tri*ial matteror a (&aint historical anachronism1 Ameri'an#

style federalism is a thri*ing and *ital instit"tional arrangement6 +artly +lanned )y the Framers, +artly the

accident of history 6 and it +re*ents *iolen'e and %ar. 4t +re*ents religio"s %arfare0 it +re*ents

se'essionist %arfare0 and it +re*ents ra'ial %arfare1 7t is +art of the reason %hy democratic maoritarianism in theUnited States has not +rod&ced violence or secession for -50 years, &nli>e the sit&ation for exam+le, in #n*land, France, Hermany, &ssia,

'echoslova>ia, =&*oslavia, 'y+r&s, or S+ain. There is nothing in the .S. Constit"tion that is more

im+ortant or that has done more to +romote +ea'e0 +ros+erity0 and freedom than the federal


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str"'t"re of that great do'"ment.There is nothin* in the U1S1 'onstit&tion that sho&lda)sor) more com+letely the attentionof the U1S1 S&+reme 'o&rt1


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