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Basic Shooting Techniques
Presented by
and
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Basic Camera Techniques
Session presenter: Jennifer O’Rourke, Managing Editor Videomaker
Mic and Audio TechniquesSession presenter: Charles Fulton, Technical Editor
Videomaker
Session presenter: Tom Skowronski, Associate Editor
Videomaker
Lighting Techniques
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Question Procedure
• Throughout this session, you can ask questions on the Google Moderator.
• The Videomaker team will answer the most popular questions during the last 15 minutes.
• If we are not able to answer your question during the webinar, we will post the answers in our Creator’s Corner blog.
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So let’s get started...
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Basic Camera Techniques
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Tripods
• Size and Type do Matter
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The Seven Deadly Camera Sins
• Backlighting
• Fire-hosing
• Snap-shooting
• Head-hunting
Backlighting
Good Lighting
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The Seven Deadly Camera Sins
• Upstanding
• Constant Zooming
• Jogging
Upstanding: Bad Angle
Good Angle
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Framing Your Shots
• Head room
• Look/Lead room
• Rule of thirds
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Head Room• Don’t cut off chin• Don’t have too much empty
space above head
Bad Framing
Good Framing
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Lead Room• Give the subject room to
move within the frame of video.
Bad Framing
Good Framing
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Movement
• Dolly
• Pan
• Truck
• Tilt
• Pedestal
Make it smooth, make it deliberate
Dolly - Camera moves in or out
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Movement
Truck - Camera movesside-to-side
Pan - Camera lens moves across scene
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Movement
Tilt - Camera Lens tilts up to down
Pedestal - Camera moves
up to down
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Handheld Shooting Tips• Tuck your elbows into your
sides
• Cup your elbow or support the bottom of the camera with the other hand.
• Tuck the camera into your hip.
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Handheld Shooting Tips• Lean against a tree, pole or wall• Use a small support device
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Handheld Shooting Tips
• Bad Balance
No!
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Handheld Shooting Tips
• Good Balance
Yes!
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Glossary
• Backlighting: Positioning a strong light source behind the talent.
• Fire-hosing: Irrational and jerky camera movement.
• Snap-shooting: Excessive cutting without rhythm or specific purpose.
• Head-hunting: A close-up shot, showing only the talent’s head.
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Glossary Continued
• Upstanding: An extreme high angle shot of the talent.
• Constant Zooming: Excessive zooming in and out.
• Jogging: Excessive camera shaking while moving.
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Resources
• Videomaker Presents: Basic Shooting DVD• The Videomaker Guide to Video Production• www.Videomaker.com: Production Techniques F
orum• www.YouTube.com/videomaker
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Mic and Audio Techniques
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Introduction
• Audio as afterthought?
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Overview
• Being a good listener
• Mic considerations
• Mic qualities
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Being a Good Listener
• Use the right headphone– Circum-aural (around-ear)
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Mic Considerations
• Built-in or External • Balance and Impedance (signal
considerations)
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Qualities: Design
• Shotgun
• Lavalier
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Qualities: Pickup Pattern
• Omni
• Cardioid
• Hyper-cardioid
• Bi-Directional
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Qualities: Situation?
• Voiceover
• Wedding
• Interview
• On-stage production
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Qualities: Wireless
• Pros: – Mobility, unobtrusive
• Con: – Cost, loss of power, AC-RF interference
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Qualities: Frequency Response
• Flat as possible
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Qualities: Signal-to-Noise Ratio
• Low as you can afford
• –60dB OK - 80 dB Great!
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Golden Rules
• Get close
• Don’t rely on “fixing it in post”
• Always record sound
• Plan sound like visuals
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Resources
• Videomaker Presents: Sound Success DVD• The Videomaker Guide to Video Production• www.videomaker.com: Online microphone buyer’s
guide• www.YouTube.com/videomaker
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Lighting Techniques
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Purpose of Lighting
• Illuminates subject and background
• Creates a visual design
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Good Lighting
• Defines subject shape/texture
• Flatters subject
• Matches locale
• Sets mood
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Light Source Size
• Spotlights vs. Floodlights
• Umbrellas / Bounces
• Fluorescent banks
• Softboxes
• Practicals
• Natural
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Light Setups
• Classic 3 point lighting– Key– Fill– Back
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Guerrilla Lighting
• Quartz shop lights
• Household lamps
• Reflectors: poster board/tin foil/sun shields
• Diffusers
– Bed sheets
– Plant screening
– Any bulk fabric (rip-stop nylon the best)
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Real World Indoor Lighting
• Supplement existing light
• Avoid windows as backgrounds
• Watch for other backlight problems
• Watch for mixed light
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Indoor DIY Lighting
• An example of a shot using a professional softbox light kit.
• Setting a similar shot using paper Chinese lanterns. To help the use of a paper lantern, bring the lantern in closer to the subject than you would a professional light.
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Indoor DIY Lighting
• To decrease the harshness of a shop-light, use some diffusion in front of the light, or point the light at a white ceiling or wall and bounce the light from there onto the subject.
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Reflectors and Diffusers
• Use reflector to fill dark areas
• Use reflectors as bounce or rim light
• Diffusers-soften & spread light as it passes through
• Decreases light intensity
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Outdoor Lighting: Use Reflectors• Bouncing light into a dark area can give the darker detail more
punch. We are making the viewer focus more on the basketball net by reflecting light to it. Compare the Reflector 2 close-up with the Reflector 3 close-up shot. The look is subtle, but the rim of the basketball net has more punch on it, and is pulled away from the background by the use of the reflector. The net in the Reflector 3 shot just blends into the background.
With ReflectorWithout Reflector
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Outdoor Lighting: Use Reflectors
• If you don't have a professional reflector, you can bounce light using a piece of firm white poster board, sheet metal, or a board wrapped in crinkled foil.
Poster Board Sheet Metal
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Resources
• Videomaker Presents: Light it Right
• Placing Shadows
• www.Videomaker.com
• Painting with Light, John Alton• www.YouTube.com/videomaker