compiled summary reports (collated by question)...2013/04/08 · 24 compiled summary reports...

24

Compiled Summary Reports (collated by question)

The main issues raised that follow are collated and regrouped by consultation question, and presented in chronological order. Please note that the main points recorded and presented here concentrate on the constructive criticism voiced about the draft concept and issues paper (SFCCD) and leave out many positive comments. Integral Session Summaries (not collated by question) are available at www.worldbank.org/climateconsult (click on “Phase I” and then at top right “Consultation and Briefing Summaries and Information”)

Sub-Table of Contents

Face-to-face and Videoconference responses by question: Question 1 : What should the World Bank Group’s role on Climate Change be within the international development community?………………………………………………………………………...Page 25 Question 2 : The Concept and Issues Paper states that both mitigation and adaptation must be integrated into development efforts. Where do you see the key areas of focus for the World Bank Group?.……………….…………………………………………………………….Page 42 Question 3:… What role can the World Bank Group play to accelerate the development and deployment at scale of climate friendly technologies for energy, transport, agriculture and other sectors in developing countries?…………………………………………………………………………..Page 58 Question 4 : What should be the role of the World Bank Group in mobilizing additional concessional financing and private sector investments to respond to climate change?…………………………………………………………………………….Page 75 Question 5: Building Capacity within countries, regions and institutions will be crucial to address climate change issues. How can the World Bank Group contribute?................................………………..…………………………………..Page 92 Question 6 : Other Issues?.............................………………………………………..05 .

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

http://www.worldbank.org/climateconsult

wb350881

Typewritten Text

76423 v3

25

1. What Should the World Bank Group’s Role on Climate Change be within the International Development Community?

Title Location Date Stakeholder Category

UNFCC Bangkok Climate Change Talks

Bangkok, Thailand April 1, 2008 Multi-stakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No Response


Cairo Consultation Cairo, Egypt April, 17, 2008 Multi-stakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government]

There is a criticism about the perceived role the Bank may be playing as a “broker”. The Bank represents the interest of the buying countries; i.e., a broker representing the polluters as opposed to the true development agency it is.

[Government]

One of the reasons why the world got in this situation is the “model of development” supported by the World Bank and others. There is a need to redefine this model in a more radical rather than sectoral way.

[Government]

The World Bank, as a development bank, should play a role as an interface between indebted countries and other financing institutions.

[Government]

The World Bank should not try to overburden its strategy, and focus on over sophisticated approaches, “spaceship” type of approach, as opposed to practical, problem solving short-term projects.

[Government]

The Arab-Economic-Social Summit will be held in January 2009 in Kuwait and the World Bank should start getting involved in the process already initiated by the Council of Arab Ministers responsible for the Environment. The Council has adopted in December 2007 an Arab Ministerial Declaration on Climate Change, meant to reflect the Arab position in dealing with climate change. A task force has also been put in place with the objective of developing a framework to deal with climate change.

[Government]

The World Bank should look at providing the countries with and supporting the countries in: policy formulation, tools, models and methodologies. This should not be done at the national levels, within the country boundaries, but be expanded to the boundaries of regions facing the same threats.

26

1. What Should the World Bank Group’s Role on Climate Change be within the International Development Community? Title Location Date Stakeholder Category

Geneva Consultation Geneva, Switzerland April, 18, 2008 Civil Society Organization (CSO)

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Representatives from Civil Society]

Improving information sharing and coherence in approaches within the WBG and with partner UN agencies. With several regions undertaking work on downscale modeling of climate risks, with the help of WMO, it is important to ensure coherence in approaches and maximize synergies.

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


Several speakers emphasized the significant role that the WBG is expected to play in influencing developed countries and advocating significant actions in the climate change practices of developed countries as part of the strategy. The World Bank could set the tone, the standard and aspirational targets. It can help frame the debate and leverage its influence with developed as well as developing countries. A stronger advocacy role could be part of Pillar # 6, including bringing climate change issues higher on the agenda of finance ministers.


Brazil Consultation Sao Paulo, Brazil April 25, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response

27



Jakarta Consultation Jakarta, Indonesia April 30, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Representative from the Government

The WB should stay away from the UNFCCC negotiations. WB should only assume a supportive function and should not be a subject in negotiations. Politically, funding from USA, Japan and UK is never neutral, as can be seen in the case of discussions on the technology fund, which is driven by the interests of the USA. Therefore, it is suggested that WB seek other sources to make it more neutral.

Representative from Civil Society

The problem was not money, but the US model of consumption, brought home by Indonesians. Changing this "mind-set" was crucial. Hence the speaker agreed with Pak Emil that it was difficult for the Bank to effect change, as the US was the major shareholder.

Retired government official

Some participants were very critical on the role of the World Bank in the environment and climate change agenda, stressing that the WB has a lot of brain power but does not use it to help the poor. For instance in forestry policies, the WB neglects the role of local wisdom in managing the forests.

Representative from Civil Society

One participant also asked whether the SFCCD is nothing else than a concept paper for another lending policy strategy. The WB regards the poor as a 'commodity'. Generally, the climate change framework should focus on the emissions from large developed countries.


Säo Paulo Consultation Säo Paulo, Brazil April 25, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response


UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues

Consultation

NewYork, U.S.A May 1, 2008 Indigenous People

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response

28



Canberra Consultation Canberra, Australia May 2, 2008 Civil Society Organization (CSO)

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


One of leadership on climate change, rather than neutrality. WB should have a major role - huge threats and opportunities.


Canberra Consultation Canberra, Australia May 2, 2008 Government

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] Key role of the Bank is to be catalytic - both with respect to core IBRD/IDA funds as well as with the new money.

29


Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Cologne Consultation- HCC Annual Meeting

Cologne, Germany May 6-9, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Principles/main criteria that should guide the process of defining the scope and nature of WBG’s activities on climate change may include:

• Focus on areas where other multilateral development institutions will not invest or intervene;

• Tailor response measures, instruments and programs to regional or country-specific needs;

• Ensure more balanced and special attention to countries that have limited access to financial resources;

Address mitigation sectors that have been bypassed by the Kyoto market instruments or are not within the scope of the CDM.

• Along that approach, key areas of intervention for the WBG may include:

• Assist in the elaboration of sector-wide and/or country-specific assessments on emission scenarios and mitigation potential;

• Support assessment and development of methodologies for project-based mitigation activities;

• Support small-scale mitigation projects;

• Facilitate information and knowledge sharing on climate change and related challenges & opportunities, and assist in strategic capacity development activities;

Foster technology transfer and exchange of know-how.

Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Amazon Alliance Briefing Washington D.C., U.S.A May 7, 2008 Indigenous People

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Indigenous People]

Please define the concept of development

30


Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Sydney Consultation Sydney, Australia May 16, 2008 Civil Society

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


How can the World Bank help create a carbon market that does not isolate local communities from participation? It is important that indigenous communities are beneficiaries.


It should reward genuine efforts by communities to address climate change, through avoided deforestation for example, by providing benefits at a local level.


Land purchasers can become significant in land conservation. Many rich persons from developed countries are buying land in an effort to keep the land as nature reserves. Concern over climate change may increase this trend. What will be done to protect the rights of local communities and Indigenous Peoples?


It will be important to increase efforts to measure carbon footprints and use them as a management tool.

Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Sydney Consultation Sydney, Australia May 16, 2008 Private Sector

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Private Sector The World Bank should take an active role in both climate change mitigation and adaptation. In doing this it will be critical to work with governments, such as the Government of Australia, and with a wide range of private sector interests including parties involved in finance, management and technology. The role of national level applied science and technology research institutions such as CSIRO was noted, given their ability to undertake long-term projects in cooperation with both the public and private sectors.

A major issue is how the World Bank will address forestry issues in developing countries. A key concern was how the Bank plans to manage, measure and monitor programs that involve payments for forest conservation and avoided deforestation. It was noted that the preparation of several potential commercial agreements for forest conservation linked to climate change had encountered this as a key constraint. The use of funds received for such operations by governments and their willingness and ability to share these payments with local communities, including indigenous communities, was noted as an area which the Bank should address to support the mainstreaming of these approaches.

There is a need for effective independent verification was noted and the linkages of this approach to the provision of real or “de facto titles” to communities for these resources. Development assistance organizations will need to create approaches that will make certain that governments be held accountable for the use of funds and that the profits flow down to the concerned communities.

31


Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Wellington Consultation New Zealand May 19, 2008 Private Sector and

Government Respondent

Type Consultation Reply

Private Sector The Bank should provide leadership in integration of climate change into development programs and work closely with development agencies and the private sector. Working on mitigation is critical; however, more emphasis should be given by the Bank to adaptation.

[Private Sector] The Bank should take a collaborative role in supporting programs and projects in the South Pacific Region for climate change. New Zealand would be a natural partner given its knowledge and expertise. The annual conferences that are held in the region on a variety of topics should be used as a mechanism for broader engagement on climate change and development dialogue.

[Government] A special climate change fund should be established for the South Pacific that would support pilot activities and allow for the development and dissemination of lessons learned and case studies. Support will also need to be provided for capacity development.


Tunis Consultation Tunis, Tunisia May 19, 2008 Multistakeholder Respondent


No response

32


Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Germany Bonn (x1), Berlin (x2) May 19, 20, 23 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] (a) The link between the SFCCD and the CEIF, particularly with regard to energy access, is not clear. Government welcomes further details on the future, or lack thereof, of the CEIF. (b) There is a need to show how the WBG’s past climate related activities have impacted climate change for the better, particularly when programs like the CDM have had virtually no climate change impact. (c) The neutrality principle of the WBG should be clarified as it is not clear why the WBG should be neutral to the climate negotiations. One would expect the WBG to be supportive of them. (d) The WBG should not get involved in nuclear energy.


(a) The WBG should disengage from fossil fuel projects, especially from oil. There is also doubt the WBG is committed to reducing climate change impact seeing that its investment in clean energy grew at a much slower pace than investments in fossil fuels, e.g. recent loan to Tata coal-fired power plant in India. Another example is the Chad-Cameroon pipeline, which shows that the WBG didn’t achieve many of the goals it set out to achieve (b) It remains questionable whether the SFCCD focus on low carbon growth is the proper approach, seeing that there are many other manifestations of global environmental change, in addition to GHG emissions. As documented by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), energy intensity is not the only problem but resource and ecosystem intensity as a whole. The SFCCD lacks a systemic approach to many of the MEA findings, and focuses instead solely on carbon growth.(c) The WBG needs to show how its involvement in Accra in September, and its commitment to aid effectiveness in general, will link to the broader climate change question.

[Private Sector] a) The WBG should look into the feasibility, or lack thereof, of a global emissions trading system that would go beyond regional initiatives of, say the EU. How realistic would such a global trading system be to get other countries involved?

33



Helsinki Consultation Helsinki, Finland May 20, 2008 CSOs and Academia

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


The Bank needs to review its own investments for carbon impact and preferably broader ecological footprint.


The Bank should look at the social impacts of climate change and ensure that while we are trying to resolve the issues of climate change that it does not create more detrimental impact on the most vulnerable groups.


What is the Bank’s role in supporting the carbon market?


What is the Bank’s position vis-à-vis UN’s methodology on ecological footprint?


The Bank should undertake more analytical work (like the mini-Stern) to inform countries on the cost of adaptation and mitigation.


Beijing Consultation Beijing, China May 20, 2008 Civil Society Organization

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

The World Bank should provide analyses of current mechanisms such as the CDM to shed light on how they are or are not benefiting developing countries, and on how well they are promoting technology transfer and financial flows where they are needed. The Bank should disseminate lessons learned and catalyze the use of new mechanisms through undertaking pilots and demonstrating new models.

The World Bank should support not only the CDM but also other coordinated mechanisms to guide financial flows to developing countries.

34



Beijing Consultation Beijing, China May 21, 2008 Government

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] The WBG should take a pro-developing country, pro-poor stance when it comes to climate change.

[Government] The SFCCD should be consistent with both the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. The document mentions the UNFCCC but not the Kyoto Protocol: it must refer to it, especially given that successful CDM projects have been undertaken and may be considered as models for cooperation between part I and part II countries. The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities should be clearly reflected in the SFCCD.

[Government] Taking into account historical responsibilities and obligations of part I and part II countries will set the tone for the SFCCD: the responsibilities cannot be confused. GHGs have been accumulating since the industrial revolution. Emissions in developing countries are just now rising. Emissions are crucial not only for development but also for survival. CC mitigation should not impede the development of developing countries.

[Government] The SFCCD should not influence the negotiating position of LDCs. In the SFCCD document page 27, paragraph 74 the term “analytical work” should be clarified. The WBG should be careful of the language it uses in the document. Country-specific analysis may not be appropriate as developing countries negotiate as a group. The WBG can’t work with one and not the others.

[Government] The WBG’s comparative advantage is to provide solutions and not get involved in negotiations.

[Government] Climate change is a development issue. The SFCCD should be a development strategy to reduce poverty and achieve sustainable development.


Tokyo Consultation Tokyo, Japan May 23, 2008 Government

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] The WBG should be involved in analytical activities, including to help determine how to achieve emissions reductions in certain developing countries.

[Government] The Bali Action Plan states that all countries should have plans and goals that are measurable, verifiable and reportable. This approach is critical and the WBG should support it.

[Government] The WBG should not pre-determine any future climate regime outcomes through its actions, including in carbon funds.

[Government] The WBG can help to determine definitions of climate change terms, including adaptation.

35



Oslo Consultation Oslo, Norway May 23, 2008 Academics and Researchers

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response


Kobe Consultation Kobe, Japan May 24, 2008 Civil Society

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


There appears to be disarray in the UN system about which agency is responsible for what. It is imperative to clearly determine the role of each, including that of the WBG.


Copenhagen Consultation Copenhagen, Denmark May 24, 2008 Civil Society


Address the core of climate change problems relating to the excessive use of fossil fuels.

Ensure that there is capacity in place for developing country representatives to enter into negotiations for climate change.

Additional resources for adaptation


Brussels Consultation Brussels, Belgium May 27, 2008 Civil Society

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Civil Society] The Bank should look at the interface between ecosystems and conservation of biodiversity and development. A sectoral approach is the not right approach. There should be a broad focus on sustainability of life. Climate change is just a part of this.

[Civil Society] The Bank should not divert funds away from UNFCCC where developing countries have a greater voice.

[Civil Society] The Bank should move away from large scale projects that are detrimental to natural resources and do more smaller scale local projects.

The Bank needs to do advocacy towards developed countries which allow the transfer of ecologically harmful products to Africa such as cars that do not pass ecological road worthy tests in the developed world.

36



Brussels Consultation- Renewable Energy

Companies

Brussels, Belgium May 28, 2008 Private Sector

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response


Brussels Consultation- EU Parliament

Brussels, Belgium May 28, 2008 Legislature

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Legislature] WB has to play a key leadership role to avoid duplication of efforts and confusion.


Brussels Consultation- European Commission

Brussels, Belgium May 28, 2008 Government

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response


Brussels Consultation- Belgian Government


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] Instead of following a holistic approach, should the WB not focus on priority sectors for quick results?

37



Brussels Consultation- Youth

Brussels, Belgium May 29, 2008 Civil Society

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


The strategy should be mainstreamed across all current WB projects, in order to keep the carbon footprint as low as possible


Will the new climate change strategic framework change at all the ‘traditional’ growth-focused economic approaches of the World Bank’s development policies?


The World Bank’s strategic framework should elaborate a bit more on how to go from the macro to the grassroots level. The grassroots level is key


What will be the World Bank’s position during the international climate change negotiations?

38



London Consultation London. England June 3, 2008 Government, CSOs, Private Sector

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government and CSOs]

The Bank’s relationship to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process and to the wider architecture for addressing climate issues. o Is the SFCCD “supportive” of the UNFCCC process, or “neutral”? o How committed is the Bank to neutrality in the UNFCCC process? The

Bank’s understanding of UNFCCC as a legally binding convention seems limited. The “donor-recipient” relation is not relevant and use of these terms in this context is problematic.


Targets for emissions, the role and position of the World Bank. What should the Bank’s role be in setting targets for country-level GHG emissions for countries and for the private sector?


The extent to which climate change is challenging the Bank’s “traditional paradigm” of growth-based development. Development will be more costly, and will be different. The SFCCD should include more on this “recosting”.


Donor-driven process o How do southern countries see the SFCCD? o If, as you acknowledge, the UNFCC is the key locus for negotiation, how can

you consider the Bank the best locus for financial support? o How can concessional finance be considered an appropriate instrument of

support for climate adaptation?

Government How does the WB define its advocacy role?

39



GEF Consultation Washington D.C., U.S.A

June 4,2008 Multilateral Organization

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[GEF] The SFCCD should clearly acknowledge and identify the global architecture for climate change and development, and ensure that the WBG’s role is clearly identified within it, based on its value added.

[GEF] The WBG should focus on stimulating “win-win” investments in mitigation, and in ensuring that the remainder of its work in developing countries will contribute to increasing resiliency, not vulnerability, to the anticipated impacts of climate change. Institutionally, it will have to exercise caution in this regard so as not to squeeze out other players. It will also have to be part of the UN process without letting itself get drawn into the center of the UN process.

[GEF] The SFCCD will have to clearly identify the WBG’s role and stick within the role defined for the WBG in the international CC architecture. While this role may not be clear at the moment, if it does not clarify itself over the next 18 months, then confusion will prevail. So far, largely because the Bank has been on a fishing trip in this regard, the WBG has claimed to be all over the map on CC----from pre-commercial technology; to commercial clean technology; to adaptation; to LULUCF; to REDD; to carbon finance; to climate proofing; etc. The SFCCD needs to truly be strategic by saying “yes” to what the Bank can and should do and “no” to what is better left to others. So far, the process is not encouraging in this regard, as the Bank has tried to dominate the space, as opposed to fitting into the space.

[GEF] WBG will have to continue to be the GEF’s strongest partner in the area, and the avenues in which their work will complement each other will bear greater future cooperation.


ECA Youth Voices (Video links)

Washington D.C., U.S.A

June 16, 2008 Civil Society

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response

Title Location Date Stakeholder Category CSO Consultation Washington D.C.,

U.S.A June 17, 2008 Civil Society

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


Within the international community, the WB must understand its niche and not have its mandate overlap with the UN mandates.

40


Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Consultation with ECA(Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan)


June 19, 2008 Government, Civil Society and Academia

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Government The WBG should acknowledge and understand that countries are moving forward on strategies for addressing climate change, and support those processes and support national priorities.

Government WBG should be a true knowledge bank for climate change, undertaking and sharing new research and data widely.

NGO The WBG should promote regional cooperation and solutions to climate change impacts.

Government So much of what we are suffering from today is the legacy of inefficient economic and agricultural practices. It is important to demonstrate the current economic effects (i.e., measure losses to economies and livelihoods) of previous (suboptimal) policies to buttress support for state of the art technologies and approaches, and innovation today.


Interfaith – Muslim –Christian Consultation


June 19, 2008 Interfaith

Respondent Consultation Reply

Faith-based group

The WBG should pay close attention to the data and graphics that it presents, as some may imply that the WBG is taking one position or another regarding responsibilities for GHG emission reductions.

Faith-based group

Partnerships among developed and developing countries, down to the grass roots level and including faith-based organizations, should be supported in addressing climate change. Heralding support for positive climate policies frequently means engaging with faith leaders and groups as both advocates and affected communities.

Faith-based group

The WBG should communicate strongly about the effects of climate change on developing countries and play a role in educating citizens worldwide on the impact of climate change on development. Citizens need to force governments to take action and assume their duty to care for the earth.


US Government Consultation


June 23, 2008 US Government

Respondent Consultation Reply

Government The WBG should work to ensure that poverty reduction remains the driver of international development work.

41

Government The WBG should work to ensure that poverty reduction remains the driver of international development work.


Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Saudi Arabia Consultation

Jeddah, Saudi Arabia June 23, 2008 Government

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Government THE WBG is a development assistance establishment; its primary role should be support for development projects. Taking the challenges of climate change into consideration, the bank should aim to pursue development in a more environment friendly manner. The SFCCD appear to have more of a direct climate change focus. In other words, climate change is the overriding priority and development is the bi-product; this should not be the case with the World Bank.


Hanoi Consultation Hanoi, Vietnam June 24, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Government MONRE (Min. Environment) emphasized need to focus on adaptation and not mitigation.

Bilateral Neutrality of WBG on Climate Change (CC) Mitigation and Adaptation issues not necessarily a good thing. (Dutch Embassy).

Bilateral Where do Regional Banks stand?

42

2. The Concept and Issues Paper states that both mitigation and adaptation must be integrated into development efforts. Where do you see the key areas of focus for the World Bank Group?



Bangkok. Thailand April 1, 2008 Multi-stakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Climate Action Africa

What is meant by ‘mainstreaming adaptation’?

Title Location Date Stakeholder

Category


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government]

Clarifications are needed whether developing countries should present and share their strategies, and whether this would not add an extra burden on them, the burden of the mitigation and adaptation measures.

[Government]

It can also help the civil society and the private sector play a more active role in the climate change agenda, especially with respect to adaptation that will continue to be the number 1 priority in the country.

[Government]

Egypt is doing very little with respect to mitigation as it has negligible contribution to GHG emissions in general. Egypt would need assistance from the international organizations and from the World Bank, on what needs to be done, whether at the level of the general public or at the level of the decision makers.

[Government]

Knowing what needs to be done, would allow the country to integrate the necessary plans for mitigation but there is an obvious need for technology.

[Government] The World Bank is slow in recognizing the importance of adaptation, and it’s not clearly reflected in the SFCCD.

[Government]

The on-going dialogue at the national, regional and international levels about climate change, adaptation and mitigation is due to the fact that the world is facing a crisis, and in general each crisis is usually a good opportunity for “retooling”, and this is what the concerned parties should consider.

[Government]

Clarifications are needed whether developing countries should present and share their strategies, and whether this would not add an extra burden on them, the burden of the mitigation and adaptation measures.

43



Geneva Consultation

Geneva, Switzerland April, 18, 2008 Civil Society Organization ( CSO)

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


The SFCCD could ensure that support for mitigation and adaptation do not have a negative impact on natural resource management, e.g., the impact of building concrete seawalls on wetlands.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Emil Salim as discussant]

World Bank should support technology transfer (without payment of intellectual property rights), capacity building and transfer of resources to developing countries. The Bank should not let the temperature rise further. For example, by financing roads, WB is inducing more cars. Why not focus on railway, sea transport, hybrid cars and public transport instead? Politics (such as the US auto industry) is preventing this from happening. Urban development needs a different infrastructure strategy. What is the way to stop conversion of forests? A comprehensive energy strategy is needs that includes renewables, IGCC, etc. Please give us new ideas, but don't support biofuels... We need bioscience-based development. WB needs to help correct market failures, institutional failure and policy failures.


The WB should not only focus on REDD in the forestry sector but also develop other financing mechanisms for the private sector to participate. The role of local wisdom and knowledge in forest management should also be included.

44




Consultation

NewYork, U.S.A May 1, 2008 Indigenous People

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

IP representative from Burundi (Batwa Pygmy Community)

There was concern when it comes to mitigation. The policies do not include IPs living in the forests. Is there a mechanism to compensate these people and how to preserve the places where they live? How can we help IPs to work better with governments?

Forest plantations (as a mitigation effort) push IPs out. So here, you have IPs having to adapt to both mitigation and the response to mitigation (which is forestation).


Canberra Consultation Canberra, Australia May 2, 2008 Civil Society Organization ( CSO)

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


Mitigation is really important, as early mitigation will reduce later adaptation costs - this was from several CSOs.


Not just the Bank, but all organizations are not taking into account the real economic costs of climate change. So mitigation is being referred to as a net cost (para 4; page 2) because the baseline is not taking into account the real cost of climate change to run its course. Hence the cost of mitigation needs to be framed as an investment.


Adaptation is absolutely essential going forward (with respect to Pacific Countries who are disproportionately affected) - this was from the Red Cross who is particularly active on weather-related disasters and strongly felt that raising awareness and providing humanitarian risk management was far better than clearing up after a disaster.


Need to see a decoupling of emissions and economic growth. Also models of economic growth are very carbon intensive. When will we see a different story? Even the Growth Commission Report does not take this up. (from several NGOs). Australia specific - some NGOs asked (mainly for the benefit of the Australian Treasury staff observer) what criteria drives infrastructure in Infrastructure Australia? Why not low GHG emissions?

45




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] Both mitigation and adaptation are important. [Government]

REDD was emphasized as a particular challenge for the region. Australia was trying to bring the forest fund back on the CIF agenda with the UK and the Norwegians.


Cologne Consultation- HCC Annual Meeting


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Key areas of intervention that were pinpointed by this discussion group include: • GHG mitigation measures, in particular continuous efforts to scale-up

activities under the framework of CDM and JI market instruments; • Land degradation and coastal erosion; • Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) and agricultural

reform, in particular in SSA countries: use opportunities to advance incorporation of climate change considerations.

Overall: support capacity development, facilitate awareness raising and disseminate good practice guidance, while ensuring genuine knowledge transfer and avoiding stand-alone interventions (from the WBG)


Amazon Alliance Briefing Washington D.C., U.S.A May 7, 2008 Indigenous People Respondent


[Indigenous People]

When you talk about mitigation and adaptation, the Bank has to think about whom really is practicing conservation…… Because we (IPs) provide clean air to the world, we maintain a sustainable environment and we protect the biodiversity

[Indigenous People]

Concern whether the money that will be given to governments and private companies for cc adaptation and mitigation are going to impact their livelihoods

46



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


How would the World Bank deal with potential problems expected in Pacific island countries as a result of climate change? This may result in many refugees moving to Australia and New Zealand. There should be a common forum with World Bank participation. Analytical research presents different results to what some may consider “common sense;” on this front it would be useful if the World Bank would provide resources to undertake research and identify solutions to potential economic and refugee problems.


How will the World Bank deal with intellectual property issues related to climate change programs and projects? Innovation by many different groups will be key and there will need to be ways to provide financial support to them.


Culturally appropriate responses to dealing with climate change are important especially in dealing with housing where aesthetic and personal preferences are important in the types, design and location of buildings. This proved to be an issue in responding to the tsunami in the Indian Ocean region.


Increasing efficiency in the use of energy and water at the community level is possible and will be important. Support will be needed to access more water and will be a challenge given predicted decreases in water availability.


Australia Consultation Sydney, Australia May 16, 2008 Private Sector Respondent


Private Sector The Bank should give priority to addressing energy issues in the Pacific Region. This is an area where innovation will be required and where innovative technologies will be important and many locations will require off-grid solutions. It would be useful for the Bank to conduct studies, in cooperation with other parties, to provide a better understanding of the scope of the issues in the energy sector in the Pacific.

Private Sector The Bank should work with countries and donors to have a clear understanding of the development implications of both climate change mitigation and adaptation, and to develop new methods of analysis. A core function of the World Bank should continue to be lending and management of grants, with a focus on mitigation and adaptation, for better results in the long term.

Private Sector The rapid urbanization in East Asia, South Asia and Latin America presents major challenges for provision of energy. A key issue will be what can be done to introduce greater use of renewable energy and more efficient transmission in these areas. In rural areas, the need for more energy access will require much greater focus on off-grid solutions.

47





[Private Sector] The Bank should be supporting both mitigation and adaptation activities. An area of increasing importance is disaster planning and mitigation including the provision of insurance. There needs to be a shift from disaster relief to disaster preparedness.

[Private Sector] Need to give priority to undertaking climate change adaptation activities that are targeted to the specific needs of the countries of the South Pacific. A regional framework for cooperation on climate change needs to be developed for a multi-year program of actions. This should include development of a regional monitoring system.

[Private Sector] Emission trading scheme in New Zealand may provide experience that can be used by the World Bank in addressing climate change, especially in the forest management sector.

[Private Sector] The Bank should support the application of geospatial tools for analysis of climate change on hazards and land use management.

[Government]

The Bank should support the development of tools for monitoring and verification.


Tunis Consultation Tunis, Tunisia May 19, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government]

Tunisia does not have a strategy for reduction of GHG emissions but has identified priorities for adaptation. There needs to be a strategy for adaptation within each sector, such as agriculture, and this has to be built into the overall mechanisms for development. Could the World Bank clarify how this will work?

48


Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Germany Bonn (x1), Berlin (x2) May 19-20, 23, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government]

(a) If the WBG gets involved in adaptation and mitigation, the SFCCD must include details on the division of labor between the WBG and:other MDBs the GEF (b) It is necessary to clarify how the WBG’s work can link up with the work done by bilaterals in a time-effective manner. KfW has, for instance, done detailed research on shadow prices in the oil sector. How can knowledge be shared between the WBG and bilaterals? (c) As the investment needs for mitigation and adaption are vast, it is clear that the public sector will not be able to foot the bill. The WBG will have to show how its work in the climate change arena relates to the interest of the private sector, which is crucial for adaptation and mitigation. (d) While the government understands that adaptation work will be mainstreamed through the WBG’s due diligence process, the question remains whether this approach is enough to tackle adaption challenges. Adaptation is not limited to WBG projects but should encompass the whole range of private sector investment in a country, and due diligence might not be enough. (e) The WBG should devise criteria and procedures that will help developing countries identify projects that are eligible under the climate change scenario.


(a) The problem of the country-driven approach on mitigation and adaptation is the difficulty of identifying the field of action in developing countries. While there is a general idea about the regional impact of climate change, what tools are there to help identify the impact and key areas of action at the country level? (b) The plan to mainstream climate change into development programs raises the question whether making small adjustments in programs is a good enough concept to reach a low carbon economy, given that a low carbon economy should be a systemic approach, which requires an economy that grows sustainably and uses far less natural resources than what exists at the moment.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

The Bank needs to focus more on adaptation. Explore synergies between mitigation and adaptation (e.g., reforestation).

49



Beijing Consultation Beijing, China May 20, 2008 Civil Society Organization

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Think Tank] The SFCCD must address both adaptation and mitigation and help countries to address the economic and social development challenges. Attention must be paid to co/multiple benefits such as reducing local pollutants. We agree that climate change must be integrated into development policies and strategies otherwise there is a risk of inefficiency or outright failure. The World Bank should foster integration of climate change into development plans at the local level, and provide practical support for doing so.

[Think Tank] The World Bank should emphasize that for developing countries adaptation is more important than mitigation. The 6 pillars at a glance appear to place more emphasis on mitigation than on adaptation. Adaptation is also important in China, especially in coastal regions.

[Think Tank] While mainstreaming CC is crucial, at the national level it may be difficult because regional priorities are so different. The WBG should support national strategies that take into account local realities and differences. NDRC is working with provinces to identify CC issues at the local level. CC must be integrated into local economic and social development plans.

[Academia] Much more attention must be given to both adaptation and mitigation through forestry. Global ecosystems and adaptation in general is not getting enough attention from governments. The WB should foster more forestry programs through the CDM and other mechanisms, and highlight best practices and share lessons learned – for example the CCB (Climate Change in Community and Biodiversity) Standard..

For multiple benefits, forests can contribute more: climate change/community development/biodiversity should be the standard to get more benefits from forestry. There need to be more benefits for farmers.

In China, policy makers already have estimates of the impact of climate change. They are already doing a lot: the 11th 5-year plan calls for a 20% increase in energy efficiency and a 20% decrease in energy per unit of GDP. The mix of energy will be optimized to emphasize more hydro and renewables and more oil and gas than coal.

50




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government]

The WBG should ensure that support and funding is made available to developing countries without conditionalities.

[Government]

Talking about low carbon development paths is akin to putting an emissions reduction condition on developing countries. The WBG and the SFCCD should reject such an approach. Similar results can in any case be achieved without the imposition of reduction targets.

[Government]

China’s agricultural production may decrease by 20%. A large percentage of the population is rural and very vulnerable to climate change impacts, and arable land is limited. Food security is a big concern. Agriculture also accounts for 20% of emissions in China. This is a sector that requires support.

[Government]

Adaptation has only gained prominence as a topic since the Bali COP. For mitigation there is the CDM mechanism. The WBG should increase financing for adaptation now.

51




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government]

The WBG should be involved in analytical activities, including to help determine how to achieve emissions reductions in certain developing countries. The WBG can assist with sectoral data collection on GHG emissions.

[Government]

On adaptation, the WBG should contribute to determining the most cost-effective methods and initiatives. To this end, research and analysis, data creation and collection, and adequately identifying risks is crucial.

[Government]

Regarding the identification of risks, and research – the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the Japan Bank for International Cooperation are undertaking a joint research on flood risk in major coastal cities in Asia.

[Government]

Scaling up energy access, transport and infrastructure investments is crucial. Agencies that finance these sectors must work together broadly, especially as the work relates to energy efficiency. Mitigation overlaps with infrastructure projects and the Japanese government wants close collaboration and consultation between JBIC, the ADB and the WBG.

[Government]

The Japanese government expects the IFC to scale up climate change activities in general and energy efficiency initiatives in particular.

[Government]

The Japanese government supports the Climate Investment Funds.

[Government]

The co-benefits approach – integrating both development and climate change goals – is important. Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) must be done properly to achieve a co-benefits approach. The WBG can help key actors and decision makers take not only a local but also a global outlook.

[Government]

The WBG can support research to determine overall how best to integrate climate change into development – and how to define the incremental costs of adaptation: sound scientific assessments will be important in achieving this and may also be based on learning by doing.

[Government]

Identification of risks is very important for both government and private financial investment. The WBG can help to mitigate risks in sectors including waste management, water supply and other investments including in cases where implementation is through local government.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Academia] What mechanisms/safeguards will be used to ensure that projects do not go against good adaptation?

52




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


In sectors such as water management, crop development, infrastructure and others, the lead time for planning and budgeting on adaptation is long and action must be taken now. Large scale investments are going ahead with no thought for climate change and the WBG needs to ensure that all of its sectoral activities take adaptation needs into consideration immediately. The WBG must identify what adaptation is for and determine how it will identify solutions for the effective delivery of adaptation services within and across sectors.


The WBG should be vigilant to ensure that its environmental and social safeguard policies are vigorously enforced. There is the perception among some NGOs that the WBG and ADB safeguard policies have become somewhat relaxed.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


The Bank should ensure that the donors understand the impacts and economics of adaptation.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


As regards mitigation the World Bank should support the private sector to develop eco-friendly technologies that are appropriate for developing countries at affordable

prices such as electric cars.

What about CCS? I have not seen anything on them that shows they will become available before 2020. So what is the balance between what you are trying to do now and in the long term?

53




Companies


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Private sector] Investment made by the World Bank in the energy sector mainly focus on large scale projects. Small-medium size projects, for which financing is difficult, would also need to be taken into account by the World Bank, also in the context of addressing mitigation issues.




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Legislature] It is Important to draw a line between adaptation and mitigation; more funds are required for adaptation; e.g.

take into account the impact of integrating air conditioning systems as an adaptation measure (acknowledged

importance of building codes for new constructions, etc.)




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] The importance of needs assessment of climate change mitigation and adaptation was noted as well as the importance to bridge the financing gap. In this context it was highlighted that the World Bank should not only focus on projects but identify and finance long term plans.

[Government] Participants asked World Bank to share its study on economics on adaptation and its concept paper.




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] What proportion of funding is expected to go to adaptation versus mitigation?

54





Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


What is the World Bank going to do to help people living with one dollar a day towards climate change mitigation and adaptation


In developing countries, more effort is needed to raise awareness and building critical mass on climate change mitigation


London Consultation London, England June 3, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[CSOs and Private Sector]

Bank’s continuing support for fossil fuel-based energy production. o Further debate is needed about conditions for MDB involvement. The SFCCD

must signal the rational for its fossil fuel investments. The document must note that this is a sensitive policy debate and articulate the policy challenges.

o The SFCCD’s relationship to the CEIF should be made explicit. o Further debate is needed on the issues involved in the provision of renewable

energy at scale. o Higher efficiency coal-fired energy production has to be part of the picture, as

does CCS, in China and other developing countries with huge unmet energy needs. The WB must play a role: setting standards for projects and implementing them.

o The WB portfolio in fossil fuel-based investments has been growing in past years, in contradiction with the Bank’s purported aim of “going cleaner”. The WB needs to set targets to stop lending to fossil fuel-based energy projects.

o Clean doesn’t mean less dirty. If the WB is to be part of the solution to climate change it cannot be part of the problem by financing carbon emissions.

o The 2004 Extractive Industry Review recommended that WB phase out of Oil and Gas by 2008, to date we are not seeing that, when will it happen?

[Government] The social dimension of climate change does not seem to be captured in the six

SFCCD pillars, how will social issues, including migration be incorporated in this framework?

How will the WB include the positions of the developing countries in this framework?

55




June 4, 2008 Multilateral Organization

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[GEF] The SFCCD Concept and Issues Paper blends mitigation and adaptation throughout the document. The WBG needs to separate the two, especially in order to render strategies and initiatives viable at the operational level.

[GEF] Knowledge is lacking in the sectors of land use change and natural resource management. The SFCCD should endeavor to increase knowledge in these sectors.

[GEF] WBG should play a key role in helping the entire global community encourage development that does more to improve adaptive capacity through its development projects. Specific “adaptation” projects should be left to the GEF and the Adaptation Fund, but the modification or mainstreaming of adaptation ideas and approaches into mainstream development should be the role of the WBG.

WBG should assume a key role on the mitigation side building from country policy frameworks to increasing the efficiency of the electricity generation and increasing fractions of renewables, etc.

For mitigation, WBG needs to establish concrete targets for achievements, such as lowering the GHG content of a kWh in key countries; increasing fractional shares of renewables in countries; increasing the “cleanliness” (in GHG terms) of its own lending portfolio; etc.


ECA Youth Voices (via video link)


June 16, 2008 Youth

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response

Title Location Date Stakeholder Category CSO Consultation Washington D.C., U.S.A June 17, 2008 Civil Society

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

56



Consultation with ECA (Kazakhstan,

Kyrgyztan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan)

Washington D.C., U.S.A (via video link)

June 19, 2008 Government, Civil Society and Academia

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

NGO The WBG can support countries in dealing with climate change by paying maximum attention to their particular circumstances, including for example natural (mineral) resource endowments.

Government Droughts will affect water availability and where hydropower is concerned, energy security. These could engender trans-border tensions. Regional approaches and cooperation on issues such as water resource management will be crucial. Development projects need to be designed with a regional perspective taken into account. Water resource management, for example, must be dealt with at a regional level.

NGO Central Asia is not receiving enough attention with regard to potential effects of climate change because there is not enough data and information available. The WBG should support global data collection and scenario planning to better place Central Asia within the global context.

Government Agriculture is the most susceptible sector for adverse climate change effects – the WBG should be devoting important resources in this sector.

NGOs There is not enough emphasis on planting / replanting forests.

Government The WBG should adequately take into consideration emergency preparedness and disaster reduction programs, within the context of its comparative advantage. There should be more interaction with other UN players active in this field.


Consultation with Interfaith: Muslim- Christian

Washington, DC June 19, 2008 Faith-based Group

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Faith-based group

Poverty reduction and economic growth in developing countries, including increasing energy access for the poor, must remain a priority. There are still many poor people, especially in rural areas but also in urban areas, without access to electricity.

Adaptation should be the focus of support to developing countries.

57


Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Consultation with US Government

Washington, DC June 23, 2008 Government

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Government The Bank needs to pay special attention to institutional barriers, including in addressing sustainable forest management.

It is important to keep in mind the work that developing countries are already undertaking on their own with regards to climate change and adaptation.


Consultation with Saudi Arabia


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Government Mainstreaming adaptation and mitigation into sustainable development is a necessity for all countries while respecting the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities. For Annex I countries under the convention, mainstreaming mitigation is of higher priority, and adaptation is also important as needed. On the other hand, for developing countries, adaptation remains the overriding priority, and thus mainstreaming adaptation into sustainable development plans is more important. The World Bank can have a significant role in supporting adaptation projects that are in line with sustainable development goals, or sustainable development projects that are in line with adaptation efforts in developing countries. Under this context, adaptation should take into account adaptation to climate change and the response measures taken to address climate change which have an adverse effect on developing countries. Adaptation to the response measures can be achieved through economic diversification and other various means of increasing economic resilience like insurance and financial risk management.

Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Consultation with Vietnam

Hanoi, Vietnam June 24, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Private Sector What is the balance between mitigation and adaptation? How many percentages are given to each category?

Int. NGO Role of concession funds? What’re concessional terms?

WHO The impacts of human health are not mentioned in SFCCD. WHO can help assess evidence of health impacts. Role of WHO is missing.

58

3. What role can the World Bank Group play to accelerate the development and deployment at scale of climate friendly technologies for energy, transport, agriculture and other sectors in developing countries?




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


Africa should not be restricted to low-carbon investments; it is a vulnerable zone but not responsible for climate change. Increasing energy access must remain the priority.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government]

The evolution of the multisectoral approach doesn’t seem to be taken into consideration, and it’s not clear how it will be handled, when there is so much emphasis on the energy sector.


From the NGOs perspective, the Bank should focus on renewable energy, transfer of technologies (and support expensive ones), and design of incentives to attract the private sector. It can also help the civil society and the private sector play a more active role in the climate change agenda, especially with respect to adaptation that will continue to be the number 1 priority in the country.


Also from the NGOs perspective, the Bank should facilitate the dialogue between the different stakeholders by identifying 3 -5 hot spots and engage the stakeholders in such a dialogue. It’s important that the Bank helps demonstrating the impact of climate change on the country’s economy.

59



Geneva Consultation Geneva, Switzerland April, 18, 2008 Civil Society Organization ( CSO)

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


The SFCCD could provide a definition of "low carbon" and could explain the composition of energy lending between "low carbon" and other. It could explain how support for clean energy fits with supporting fossil fuel based energy.


On clean technology the SFCCD could explain which technologies it aspires to see developed and whether it will outline a principle regarding technology choice. It could explain whether it will support particular technologies and how to expand markets for new technologies and promote the availability of new technologies in developing countries, the approach to technology cooperation. In supporting increased access to energy every effort could be made to ensure that energy is de-carbonized to the extent possible. An assessment could be made of the mitigation potential of technologies and to overcome barriers (technical, financial, intellectual property rights, capacity) to scaling up viable technologies and introducing new technologies.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

The Brazilian Business Council for Sustainable Development (CEBDS) is working on energy efficiency in building and on adjusting a GHG emission/carbon footprinting methodology for Brazil, which could be among the areas of collaborating with the World Bank on climate change.

The National Confederation of Industry (CNI) is maintaining a dialogue with the government on climate negotiations providing its understanding and perspective on various proposals, and is supporting the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) market development in Brazil. The design of new financing instruments by the Bank and its support to technology transformation under the SFCCD should recognize and take account of country-specific priorities related to climate change. In the context of Brazil, the key areas for technology advances with GHG reduction benefits in the industry sector include: bio-ethanol (including biogases co-generation), sustainable forests, food and paper production, steel production, and recovery of mining.

UNICA has a program for supporting biogases co-generation in sugar mills at scale (allowing to sell power to the grid which has the potential of meeting 15 % of total electricity needs), and promoting energy efficient boilers. These measures can contribute significantly in GHG emission reductions, and SFCCD support to such initiatives would be useful.

60

Another area of technology development specific to Brazil, which can bring significant emission reductions, is the use of ethanol for public buses. A pilot is on-going, and concessional funding to scale it up is needed.




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Emil Salim as discussant]

Related to comments in 2 above.

Government Technology creates dependence and is not necessarily neutral. How can the Bank help countries with corrective measures that prevent technology dependence (such as paying up front Intellectual Property Rights).

[Emil Salim] On Climate Investment Funds Pak Emil Salim emphasized that it is difficult to push rich countries to promote a new sustainable development paradigm. The WB is owned by the rich countries based on the 'dollar vote' (shareholding basis) as opposed to the UN which is based on one country, one vote principle. In the case of the climate investment funds, there seems to be the old pattern of donor countries controlling trust fund committees, leaving developing countries little room to participate. There is a suspicion that these climate investment funds will include new conditionalities for poor countries if they want to access these funds. Climate investment funds seem to be a new parallel financing structure set up to counter the Adaptation Fund. There is a need for a continuing dialogue between WB and UNFCCC working groups to harmonize climate change financing structures before CIF is launched.



Consultation

New York, U.S.A May 1, 2008 Indigenous People

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Kenny Bruno (NGO)

Please define Low Carbon economy, or should we really call it "Less Dirty Technology Fund" - Bank needs to come up with a more honest term.

61

Huayu IP representative (Colombia)

Clean Development? Clean of Blood? Displacing people from their territories to be occupied by these projects? Operational policies - how can the WB keep implementing projects in territories where governments violate human rights. (Human rights came up several times during the discussions)




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


The Bank should not be scared of picking winners. Winners should be chosen from technologies that are proven already (like solar-thermal), rather than future technologies (like CCS), particularly given the urgency of acting on this issue now.


New technologies needed to be less "top down" and instead we needed to work more with local communities with respect to their needs. Climate change is already happening and we should be doing more mapping exercises and writing about how at the community level people are already adapting.


Give consideration also to low energy buildings - huge opportunity.


Caritas (a CSO) does a lot of technology transfer in East Timor. Some solar power initiatives, but due to lack of technical capacity, pulling away from this). Hence there is a need to reinforce capacity building, particularly linked with technology transfer.


Energy Efficiency in region - both on supply and demand side was a huge opportunity in the East Asia/Pacific region. Another CSO mentioned the need to look outside the box at innovative initiatives that were working well, e.g. Carbon Trust Model of the UK. This has 100 million pounds sterling for improving energy efficiency of businesses and seems to have skyrocketing demand. He asked if we were working with it.


There was a need to see what was the current carbon growth pattern and options to lower emissions. When I explained about the low carbon growth studies underway, there was particular interest in learning about them and an offer that these NGOs could help to lobby the Australian govt to help fast track clean development.

62




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government]

Leave it to the private sector to pick the winners with respect to new technologies as they can better balance the risks.

[Government]

Is there a conflict between the strategy and the use of coal for energy for countries? The Bank will need to identify the minimum base line for the Bank to engage on coal technologies.

[Government]

Price of oil is already pushing us in a particular direction. There are some trade-offs, but it is not all about trade-offs with respect to energy environment. Participants suggested we build in the bigger picture and make the debate more nuanced because in some countries there were no trade-offs.




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

In order to contribute to efforts aiming at accelerating the development and transfer of climate friendly technology, the WBG may engage in the following areas:

• Provide technical assistance for the development of an enabling environment at national/local level, addressing inter alia barriers assessments, facilitate policy-making processes, review of relevant legal frameworks, development of standards and codes;

• Foster establishment of regional/national research and development (R&D) funds for climate friendly technology, and facilitate and support involvement of national entities in such facilities;

• Establish and manage lines of credits for the specific purpose of promotion and dissemination of climate friendly technologies; and/or lead and coordinate similar joint efforts with other regional development banks;

• Design and establish guarantee programs (or similar fiduciary instruments) aimed at promoting commercial clean technologies in developing countries;

Set sound results-based monitoring system and good practice guidance, in order to secure effective, adequate and sustainable transfer of technology.


Amazon Alliance Briefing Washington D.C., U.S.A May 7, 2008 Indigenous People [Indigenous People]

When you (WB) talk about clean technology, what kind of technology are you referring to?

[Indigenous People]

Low carbon emissions – What mechanisms are those going to be? What is the WB thinking in regards to this?

63



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


The World Bank should consider a web based “ideas bank”, that would allow for the sharing of eco-friendly ideas on a mutually accessible database program. For example, in India in a village that was not on the main power grid, a locally manufactured system was created that would provide electricity for those places outside of the mainstream. May need to look at potential intellectual property issues here also.


The World Bank should support off-grid solutions and support for locally produced materials such as solar panels.


Sydney Consultation Sydney, Australia May 16, 2008 Private Sector Respondent


Private Sector The Bank should support measures to establish large scale monitoring systems for ecosystems linked to climate change interventions, such as forests and drylands. Systems being developed for monitoring forests in Australia and the United States were noted, for example CSIRO of Australia has been involved in an initiative to look at forest response to climate change.

The Bank should examine mechanisms that could be used to expand access to climate change related information, especially natural resource status and conditions, through use of web pages. This would allow better access in remote areas and facilitate information sharing on actions taken to address climate change issues.

It was noted that the major oil companies are a key source of funding and investment in renewable energy. While significant work is being done to look at small scale energy solutions using wind, solar and hydropower, there is an inadequate focus on medium scale interventions.


Tunis Consultation Tunis, Tunisia May 19, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response

64



Government [Private Sector] Anything the Bank can do to open up access to efficient technology is good

especially with regard to energy efficiency. It is important to increase awareness of technical options such as high efficiency electrical motors. The Bank should work with governments to set better standards for appliances.

[Private Sector] The Bank should support both grid and off-grid approaches for access to electricity. The expanded use of off-grid approaches has significant potential to increase access of communities to electricity in an energy efficient manner.

[Private Sector] The Bank should also support demand side management in the energy sector. It should support awareness and actions to address energy efficiency in buildings. This is an area with significant potential to contribute to reductions in energy use.

[Private Sector] The IFC has made an investment in a New Zealand based company involved with environmental technology. Further IFC investments would be welcome given the difficulty sometimes experienced with raising capital for companies.


Category Germany Bonn (x1), Berlin (x2) May 19- 20, 23,3008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


(a) At the very least, the WBG needs to define what it considers to be a clean technology. It is not clear why countries should define clean technology according to national needs when climate change is a global phenomenon that warrants a global/systemic approach, and that includes a working definition of clean technology.(b) While technology transfer is important, it is not clear how it should happen. Developed countries like Germany own the technology and the patents, which they are ready to sell to developing countries. Of course, this will not help or create incentives in developing countries to develop home grown technologies or to diversify their economies. Technology transfer runs the risk of inhibiting local capacity building. There is room for the WBG to provide possible steps to avert this dilemma. Another problem is that most technology in use in developing countries comes from developed countries, which are in turn far away from becoming low carbon. How is this reconcilable with the goal of transferring technology to reach low carbon growth?

[Private Sector] a) Incentives are needed for a company to invest as technology transfer is not about giving technology to developing countries for free. Intellectual Property rights are an issue here. The WBG needs to provide input on establishing a realistic basis for technology transfer, benefitting both the provider and recipient of technology transfer. (b) The WBG should clarify the viability of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) as climate friendly technology.

65




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Broad ecological footprint analysis will be applied, but methodology is not easy. Especially difficult to develop the counter-factual. Might lead to more investments in e.g. coal-fired plants not less.

Adaptation is good development. The Cities Alliance also includes Climate Change.

Recent “International Trade and Climate Change” work emphasizing diffusion of clean technologies.


Beijing Consultation Beijing, China May 20, 2008

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

The World Bank must impress upon donors the importance of providing financing to allow large investments in physical plant to be as low carbon as possible. RE and EE are crucial in China where there is a very high demand for new infrastructure, manufacturing and energy supply.

The World Bank should catalyze the development and use of new, and not just proven, technologies in developing countries.

[Academia] The World Bank could develop ways to measure effective technology transfer. The WBG must define “low carbon economy.” Developing countries need not just

the 6 pillars but a roadmap to low carbon economies. [NGO] Infrastructure challenges within the framework of rapid and massive urbanization

need more attention from the WBG. Best practices including current IFC projects should be highlighted, scaled up and repeated more.

R&D and the deployment of climate friendly technologies will be very important, especially for countries like China. There is very high demand for investment in infrastructure and manufacturing. Once a plant or infrastructure is built, it lasts a long time and the emissions intensity is fixed so it’s urgent to get advanced technology now.

For technology transfer, more attention needs to be paid to the demonstration phase.

In China agriculture is very important, and very vulnerable to climate change. More attention should be paid to agriculture.

66



Beijing Consultation Beijing, China May 21, 2008 Government No response



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government]

The WBG should be involved in analytical activities, including helping determine how to achieve emissions reductions in certain developing countries.

[Government]

The WBG should be involved in fostering the development of innovative technologies for use in developing countries. It should remain involved in mitigation efforts in developing countries.

[Government]

There needs to be a clear “technology roadmap” for 2050 in order to achieve global targets for emissions reductions. Step one is determining the responsibilities, and step two is determining the targets. Mid-term and long-term technical targets need to be set. Mid-term targets may include “low hanging” energy efficiency; for the long-term, new solar powered batteries and CCS technologies, among others, should be considered.

[Government]

Japan supports a “sectoral approach” to achieve mitigation goals, including through setting “benchmarks” for the steel and cement sectors, raising efficiency at the sector level. WBG financing can be instrumental, and the WBG can support the development of a more globalized approach to avoid a “lowest common denominator” approach.

[Government]

IFC can provide more financing for better / more efficient coal power plants, and generally support the private sector to choose cleaner technologies in developing countries.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response

67




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


The WBG should be careful about financing Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) pilots or research as the technology is costly, may not work, and such activities will reduce incentives to break with fossil fuel use. CCS is an illusion in terms of meeting any meaningful mitigation target.




Reduce support to fossil fuel projects.


Invest more in friendly technologies



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response

68




Companies


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Private sector]

Investment made by the World Bank in the energy sector mainly focus on large scale projects. Small-medium size projects, for which financing is difficult, would also need to be taken into account by the World Bank, also in the context of addressing mitigation issues.

[Private sector]

The driving force behind most of WB-financed projects in the energy sector, is to replicate what was done in developed countries, but this is not the key for success (ex. Kenya, Electricity grid that cause displacement of part of the population to “follow” the new electricity grid, instead of the contrary)

[Private sector] The International Energy Agency forecast on oil prices was wrong in the last 2 decades: but if we shift policies now and invest more in renewable sources of energy, we can change how the future will look like.

[Private sector] Welcomed WB activity to develop geothermal energy in two different projects (one in ECA and one in Djibouti, which has doubled available energy production in the country)

[Private sector] Renewable energy can be produced in a sustainable way when the resources exist in the country

[Private sector] On the criticism that renewable energies are often more costly than conventional ones, participants responded that long term environmental, infrastructure and future (linked to oil prices) also need to be taken into account

[Private sector] On electrification in rural areas, the World Bank has often financed big projects that are not adapted to the situation in the country

[Private sector] Grid electricity is not the only solution: off grid systems are often cheaper and more efficient




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Legislature] What are the WB expectations for investments in clean energy?

[Legislature] Need to deal with sustainability criteria for biofuels

69





Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] With references to the IDA paper on climate change it was noted that the World Bank should focus on client countries own policies / strategies. It was added that trying to introduce newest technologies might backfire if not connected to the country view of the most cost effective energy sources.

[Government] Participants asked the World Bank to be aware of a change in the agreement to phase out HCFCs and asked to ensure that HCFCs would not be replaced with other FCs. Switching to natural refrigerants it was pointed out would be a low hanging fruit potentially saving a big amount of emissions. DG Environment will write a letter to the World Bank on this question.




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] How to address the low priority level given to climate change issues by developing countries and large portions of poor populations?; need to focus on energy supply/access for the poorest

70





Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


Any development policy which includes fossil fuels is like shooting oneself in the foot. Sustainable technologies are currently available and should be encouraged in developing countries. The technology transfer does not have to be unidirectional: many inventions come from developing countries, which in most cases face shortage or lack of venture capitals. Inventions such as the ‘hybrid tuc tuc’ in India could make a big impact if scaled up. What is the World Bank planning on doing to foster these kinds of solutions?


New technologies for clean energy should be adapted to the country as well as to the country specific social and cultural issues


Biofuel cultivation should never threaten food security


World Bank projects and investments should not support in any way fossil fuel technologies. All World Bank projects should be carbon-negative. In this respect young people can provide innovative ideas and solutions and become ‘climate entrepreneurs’


London Consultation London, England June 3, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Government and CSOs

Implementation of the SFCCD, how to integrate the policy into operations. o The WB is very good designing policies but often there is a mismatch between

the policy and the operational work in the ground. How is the WB planning to engage the country offices to make sure they deliver according to the policy?

o Is there a strategy to integrate the climate agenda in other areas of the Bank and on the country?

o How will the SFCCD integrate in the Bank’s work and in the countries?

Climate Investment Funds. o How are developing countries reacting to the introduction of the CIFs? o Many countries have limited national absorptive capacity for funding, how will

the Bank approach this constraint?

71





Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[GEF] The WBG should ensure that research and development on solar thermal technologies, for example, is financed by OECD countries: developing countries should not be forced to fund R&D for climate friendly technologies. “Incremental funding” in this context would be meaningless.

[GEF] The WBG should focus on developing a technology needs assessment (TNA) product that makes sense, but allow the UNFCCC to lead on R&D and technology global policies.

[GEF] WBG (and GEF experience) is not positive when it comes to commercializing pre-commercial technologies. Even procurement rules play against using new technologies. WBG’s strategy should be to focus IBRD on “clean technologies” that exist, commercial, but have not yet saturated markets in its client countries. Working upstream from there, the WBG should then begin to focus on technologies that are not yet commercialized and find innovative ways (together with CTF and GEF support) to accelerate the uptake of these technologies. For truly pre-commercial technologies at the R&D stage, the Bank should seek to keep its clients informed and abreast of developments, and occasionally, seek (with GEF and CTF) to do a carefully prepared and selected demonstration. But the Bank should not delude itself into thinking that it has a role to play as an R&D agency.

The Bank needs to clearly maintain its focus on serving its client countries, not being a “back-door” way to fund R&D that the OECD countries are too risk averse and politically divided to undertake in their own back yards. The Bank should not treat its clients as guinea pigs.

72




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Representatives from Civil Society]-IPS

Please speak about whether there will be a provision in the CTF of what could actually be clean technology


There isn’t much in the SFCCD on transitioning out of coal/oil. What about the Extractive Industries’ Review recommendation that the World Bank ‘get out of’ fossil fuels and mining ?


With regards to the sunset clause on the design of the CIFs, please clarify a ‘new effective mechanism’.

[Representatives from Civil Society]-EDF

Some things in the SFCCD Concept and Issues paper are very good. For example, addressing climate change is central to development; two of the six pillars- scaling up adaptation, mobilizing finance. How do you reconcile this with the energy access agenda which is running in parallel. Why isn’t renewable energy being used instead of coal for the clean technology fund?


Are we creating an unfair emissions burden for countries? Especially by increasing emissions. Maybe the sector strategies need to have a climate component

[Representatives from Civil Society]- Amazon Alliance

It is important to look at the cumulative impacts of multiple projects running simultaneously.


Very little of the Carbon Finance is going into renewable energy. What is the World Bank’s thinking around Carbon finance? What other non-market mechanisms are we looking at in particular?


Consultation with ECA (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyztan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan)

Washington, DC (via video link)

June 19, 2008 Government, CSOs, and Academia

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Government The WBG must be more involved in promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy sources, including wind, hydro and solar power.

73


Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Consultation with Interfaith: Muslim-Christian

Washington, DC June 19, 2008 Faith-based group

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Faith-based group

Solar energy has such huge potential in many developing countries. The WBG should do more to support investment and innovation in solar energy.


Consultation with US Government

Washington, DC June 23, 2008 Government

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Government The Bank needs to address barriers to the deployment of new, climate friendly technologies, including intellectual property (IP) rights.

The Bank should be as clear as possible about targets and priorities for renewable energy (RE) and energy efficiency (EE).


Consultation with Saudi Arabia


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Government The World Bank can play a significant rule in accelerating the development and deployment of climate friendly technologies in developing countries. The technology focus however should be broad. For example, in the energy sector, the technology scope should cover energy efficiency, renewable energy, as well as clean fossil fuel technologies including carbon capture and storage. The establishment of a Technology fund that can assist in accelerating the deployment is of high priority. There are three areas where action is required under technology development and transfer. First, there are the technologies that are already available in the public domain, the Bank can initiate a program to have complete listing of all such technology and support their immediate deployment to developing countries. Second, there are the patented technologies for which a venture capital type fund could be established to help getting the required licensing and facilitate the transfer. Third, there is the need for more research and development for new climate friendly technologies, the bank can support such efforts and tries to insure full participation from both developed and developing country experts to ensure addressing the widest array of needs and circumstances.

74


Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Consultation with Vietnam

Hanoi, Vietnam June 24, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Int. NGO Vietnam has footprint of deforestation in neighbor countries, how to avoid using climate financing mechanism (REDD question)?

Govt. WB has significant contributions in reducing deforestation. GoV committed to mitigate CC. MONRE and MARD work on sustainable development mechanism (forest, water, biodiversity protection). Funding required to fill the knowledge gap and to coordinate (e.g. in dyke management and protection). Also need coordination between ministries to move from project-based to programmatic.

Vietnam is among 5 most affected countries, but SFCCD not focus on agriculture. Imbalance between mitigation and adaptation. MARD needs supports for adaptation in fishery, husbandry, etc.

75

4. What should be the role of the World Bank Group in mobilizing additional concessional financing and private sector investments to respond to climate change?

Title Location Date Stakeholder Category UNFCC Bangkok Climate Change Talks

Bangkok. Thailand April 1, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Greenpeace Will the Bank stop funding fossil fuel investments, through which it is effectively funding (the exacerbation of) climate change?



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government]

Loans are steep and what is needed is grants and technical assistance.

[Government]

The private sector faces a number of problems in dealing with CDM projects, ranging from political to financial ones, despite the fact that it does have the necessary technological knowledge. The CDM should help in covering part of the operational costs as substitutional technology needs encouragement and incentives. And the registration period of projects is too long.

[Government]

Why is there such a stress on developing financial mechanisms, and why hurry with the development of a final strategy before reaching an agreement next year in Copenhagen.

[Government]

Financing institutions should consider rescheduling the debts of the developing countries when adopting a low carbon growth strategy

[Government]

Developing countries are facing the bio-fuel challenge versus the rocketing food crisis (food pricing and food security). Initiatives to replace edible crops should not be financed.

[Government] Lending should be linked to both types of growth, both low carbon growth and high carbon growth.

76



Geneva Consultation Geneva, Switzerland April, 18, 2008 Civil Society Organization ( CSO)

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


With regard to financing for climate change, the SFCCD could explain the approach to the governance of financing mechanisms, how it will work to reduce fragmentation in financing for climate change, how to find a balance between monopoly of financing instruments and fragmentation. The WBG could convene a process to discuss the coherence of funds for climate change. The WBG needs to restore trust that was lost in the process of setting up the new climate investment funds.


SFCCD could review various financial instruments, explain their complementary and additionally, and facilitate better use of existing instruments for climate change objectives.


Säo Paulo Consultation

Säo Paulo, Brazil April 25, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response




See comments above about WB supporting Adaptation Fund and not competing through CIFs

[Private Sector] There was also one comment that in the SFCCD presentation it was not clear what the Bank's business model was to achieve its goal. More specifically, in the case of carbon markets and CDM, there needed to be an affirmative action carbon price in carbon finance projects, for instance to support poor rice farmers.

77




Consultation


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Viky Talui Corpuz (Chair for the UN Forum on IPs)

Investment Fund shouldn't be used to further marginalize the IP's, creating more oppression and poverty. We need to be consulted on the table. Getting the benefits back to the IPs and not the deforesters.

Candy Marsis (Indigenous Environment Network) North Dakota

Why only 10% of carbon offset is is allocated to renewable energy vs millions on "cheap carbon credit" - dirty technology?



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


WB needs to secure additional financing rather than repackage existing development budget (strong messages from several CSOs). Apply the polluter pays principle.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government]

Treasury commented that this was mainly about incentives - both for Bank staff to implement the CCSFD but also for countries. They asked what the thinking was in the context of debt management and incentives for climate change.

78




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

WBG assistance for capacity building should be demand driven and respond to outcomes of country-specific or regional needs assessment. The discussion group initially identified the following broad areas where the WBG could provide a strategic contribution for capacity development:

Climate change in general:

• Institutional capacity: strengthening of institutional framework for climate change policy-making (e.g. national climate change committees); establishment of sustainable institutional structures for climate relevant knowledge generation (e.g. GHG inventories and reporting systems); enhance national capacities for negotiation of climate regime.

Technical capacities: install capacities for development of emission scenarios and assessment of mitigation options in strategic sectors; assessment of vulnerabilities and elaboration of adaptation action plans, analysis of transboundary issues.

CDM:

• Institutional capacity: continuous support to the establishment and/or operations of DNAs; adoption and/or review of project approval procedures and development of SD criteria; implementation of DNA project monitoring/follow-up systems, etc.

• Technical capacities: technical assistance for identification and development of CDM project portfolios (PINs/PDDs), in particular in priority sectors with untapped emission reduction potentials.

Support pilot program-based activities under the CDM (p-CDM), taking into account the need to ensure equal regional participation in such pilot programs and paying particular attention to public outreach in order to promote involvement of new stakeholders in similar mitigation program opportunities.


Amazon Alliance Briefing


May 7, 2008 Indigenous People

Indigenous People]

Their idea of the WB is to channel funds thru governments that in theory would pass some of it down to the IPs. It is very unlikely that this funding will reach the Ips. Governments don’t have the tradition of supporting Ips. On the contrary, they send extractive industries and development projects without consulting with them. What is clear is that the $$ needs to arrive at the hands of those who own the forests and not through government, private companies or intermediaries. If WB is unable to finance these credits directly to the Ips, then they want to know in writing why they are not able tto receive this funding.

79



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


It is important to recognize that good development, including addressing climate change, does not get done in 1-3 year funding cycles and requires a longer term way of looking at things. This is a place where the World Bank can play a role, consistent with the Paris Declaration, and change the way funding is provided.


The stress that is created by uncertain reliability of funding is a major issue for small organizations involved in development. If you suddenly put in too much money they will collapse due to the overload. Effective development requires things to be planned and done in multi-year cycles.


There is a need to avoid the climate change agenda crowding out other important development issues. Resource mobilization remains very crucial for both food and water security specifically. Villages may account for an increasingly smaller percentage of the global population; however, urban areas depend on them for food and water.


At all levels, a different kind of crowding, one that is positive, is very important. Recently, a meeting was held in Australia involving 25 different organizations from Macquarie Bank to RSPCA to Carbon Bankers regarding the climate change topic. This shows that the issues affect everyone across the board. Different agencies have different angles in what is a broad and complex field – how much is each agency required to know? The World Bank has a useful leadership role that would facilitate the actions on these issues to the benefit of all the different stakeholders.

80


Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Austrade Consultation Sydney, Australia May 16, 2008 Private Sector

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Private sector] The Bank should support the creation of structures and mechanisms that promote good governance and transparency in beneficiary countries to allow for more effective mobilization and use of private sector resources for climate change related investments. This issue is a major constraint for carbon trading linked to forests and drylands.

[Private sector] A major focus of the Bank should be on creation of systems that allow for accurate and timely monitoring of funds related to payments for climate change related activities and services. The perceived weakness in ability to monitor the actions of governments at the national and local level and constraints in tracking the use of funds are seen as barriers that need to be addressed to increase private sector investments.

[Private sector] The Bank should support measures to address the need to both protect intellectual property and to disseminate new technologies. Consideration should be given to ways in which the Bank, working through the IFC especially, can support the private sector in accessing funding to support the development, testing and marketing of new climate change related investments especially in the energy sector. The private sector needs greater access to funding for more effective engagement in these issues.


Tunis Consultation Tunis, Tunisia May 19, 2008 Multistakeholder [Government]

Tunisia has identified priorities for how to adapt to climate change, but the key issue for Tunisia as well as many other developing countries is how to find investors from the private sector. The problem with adaptation is that it requires extensive investment. So my question is how and if the World Bank will consider strategic investment and political financing for adaptation under individual country programs.

81


Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Wellington Consultation

New Zealand May 19, 2008 Private Sector and Government

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Private Sector] The Bank needs to work with donor organizations to mobilize funds to support concessional financing. The New Zealand government should support the work of the Bank in this area.

[Private Sector] The Bank should use the significant experience in New Zealand’s government and private sector to address climate change as a development issue.

[Government]

The voluntary market for measures to support climate change issues is large and needs to be used by the Bank and other parties as a source of funding. An opportunity exists to link mobilization of funding from parties that are engaged in international and domestic tourism, including airline companies and their passengers.


Germany Bonn (x1), Berlin (x2) May 19-23, 2008 Multistakeholder Respondent



(a) It is unclear from the SFCCD what role the WBG sees for public money, and how it intends to ensure that public money does not duplicate private investments.(b) The SFCCD should explain how it intends to complement UNFCCC’s adaptation financing mechanism, which remains underfunded to even implement one-tenth of the NAPAs of LDCs, while at the same time, new money will go to WBG funds, including the CIF. While the WBG may not be necessarily at fault here, NGOs are weary of a possible cannibalization of funds. How can this be avoided?

[Private Sector] (a) There is a need for closer collaboration between IFC and medium-sized companies, particularly with regard to IFC advisory services to medium-sized companies.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

The Bank should ensure that carbon markets provide assistance to the most vulnerable countries.

82




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[NGO] The World Bank should analyze the implications of various scenarios and predictions to clarify the relative necessities for financial allocations.

[Think Tank] CERs are currently not generating any funds for adaptation, while this is the priority for developing countries. The WBG should highlight this fact and search for ways to channel financing to adaptation, and also determine strategies to engage the private sector to invest in adaptation in developing countries. In Bangkok an ad hoc working group supported the idea that project based mechanisms be available for a second commitment period.

[Academia] Funding from flexible mechanisms under the Kyoto protocol are not benefiting the poor and technology transfer is insufficient. The Bank should engage in improving those outcomes.

[NGO] The World Bank should promote voluntary carbon markets more. The CDM is too time intensive, requires too much expertise.

The WB can play an active role in catalyzing new financing, as it did with the CDM, and technology transfer. The CDM should become more programmatic. The CDM is not enough of an incentive to encourage technology transfer. Will there be results indicators for technology transfer?

How can we get the private sector to invest more in adaptation, not just mitigation? For mitigation the CERs provide an incentive. What about for adaptation?

83




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government]

The WBG should support additional financing in support of technology transfer.

[Government] Adaptation requires more funding now. Mitigation has the CDM. Investment mechanisms are needed for adaptation.

[Government] Farmers have little capacity to adapt. [Government]

According to the UNFCCC, developed countries should provide financial and technical resources. But financial assistance must be concessional. Requiring a low carbon growth plan is conditionality: it implies an obligation for the reduction of GHGs. This is against the spirit of the UNFCCC. If we achieve the same result without conditionality, then that is OK. China has done lots of CDM projects and has done a lot with the GEF and Carbon Finance. These approaches are welcome but the WBG work must be consistent with the UNFCCC.

[Government] To date, financial mechanisms are not strong enough. [Government]

The Climate Investment Funds should be guided by the SFCCD. The SFCCD should be guided by the Kyoto Protocol and the UNFCCC.

[Government]

China welcomes WBG efforts to provide concessional financing for adaptation and mitigation. Financial support should not have any conditionality attached: this is not consistent with the Kyoto Protocol. It is unfair only to have conditionalities for developing countries when developed countries have not fulfilled their obligations under the Kyoto Protocol.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] The WBG should continue financial innovation to mobilize private sector resources and funding for climate change activities. An example is the CER-linked green bond issued by Daiwa securities and developed jointly with the WBG.

[Government] The investment climate in developing countries is key. The WBG together with other financing institutions should foster investments and support healthy investment climates to attract the private sector/

[Government] The WBG should help developing countries improve their regulatory frameworks, to increase incentives for renewable energy use and investment, for example.

84




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Academia] How to promote financing from the private sector for adaptation?

[Academia] World Bank needs to do more to link research and financing and promote private sector investment in climate. For example through private sector involvement in climate investment fund (with risk sharing); there is scope also to promote biofuels such as Jatropha and for promoting improved stoves.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


The WBG should not create funds or mechanisms for financing climate change that compete with the UNFCCC Adaptation Fund. There should be a sunset clause on the Climate Investment Funds.


The WBG should ensure that funding for climate change is additional and in grant form, not loans.


The WBG should pay close attention to clearly defining the purpose and objectives of climate change financing, so that its ultimate uses are predictable and transparent. For example, the WBG should provide clear definitions for terms such as “clean technology” and “clean energy.”


Copenhagen Consultation

Copenhagen, Denmark May 24, 2008 Civil Society


Raise additional resources aside from ODA funds.


Ensure that there is a global regulatory framework for fuel market based technologies.

85




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


The Bank should make funds for adaptation available through grants rather than loans even if the loans are concessional, especially considering that adaptation is a form of compensation for developing countries for the harmful effects of emissions produced elsewhere.



Companies


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Private sector] WB should look at innovative financing scheme to attract investment and new technologies in developing countries. It should also look at new financing schemes more adapted to the country situation. For example, in certain countries, decentralized power supplies may be a better solution

Financing conventional gas power plants, means making the beneficiary country dependant on oil prices in the next 20-30 years




[Legislature] Little is said on the governance structures of the WB funds; how to make sure the new funds will respect aid coordination efforts (Paris agenda) and be managed in a transparent, complementary and efficient way

[Legislature] Is there a risk of multiplication of (relatively small) funds? If these are seen as interim instruments, is it realistic to expect high impact/results

[Legislature] How will the WB make sure that new projects will be integrated in country strategies, and be able to avoid “standalone” initiatives; especially if additional funding comes on top of country-led development strategies

[Legislature] Must address the struggle to involve the private sector and find incentives for creating efficient PPPs.

86





Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] The eligibility criteria for climate lending under IBRD/IDA loans [Government] The terminology used to describe the different climate focused funds was seen as

confusing. In this respect it was questioned why the clean technology fund and the strategic investment funds are independent financial vehicles, as the former should logically be a child fund of the latter.

[Government] The World Bank’s pilot projects under the Climate Investment Funds were seen as very important in order to identify what to spend funding as agreed to under in the UNFCCC.

[Government] It was also noted that developing countries seem to demand grant financing only to deal with climate change. Participants agreed that the financing needs require a combination of loans and grants and noted the possibility for blending between the EC and the World Bank to make the best use of both instruments.

[Government] Participants asked if World Bank already includes the price for carbon in its economic assessments. The EIB was reported to already do this.

[Government] Note was made of a financing gap between NAPAs and IPCCs. World Bank promised to share concept note on this.




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] The link between new funding requirements for climate change and ODA; the risk of creating competition between ODA and CC Funds

[Government] What will be the sources of funding, i.e. public and/or private; how to create incentives to help leverage private investments; does the WB suggest innovative ways of leveraging funds?

[Government] Is there a risk of explosion in number of climate funds; why the need of new mechanisms and the relations between existing funds?; risk of increased complexity in governance structures

[Government] What are the selection criteria for countries to benefit from new funding?

87





Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


The World Bank should engage with young people directly. A specific funding line should be made available for environment/climate change related projects as at the moment the only avenue for funding is the small grant program, which covers all sectors


Debt relief should be used for climate change policies


Multistakeholder London June 3, 2008 Multilateral Organization

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

CSO

Global Environmental Fund (GEF): The GEF’s low disbursements show how important it will be to design innovative financing mechanisms.

CSO

The comparative advantages of the Adaptation Fund and the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience - and possibly compensation funds?

CSO

Private sector financing of low carbon technology: an enabling environment for private sector financing of low carbon technology needs to be created.




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[GEF] The future of Carbon markets will impact what the WBG can do. For example, they may provide a substantial increase in resources that go directly to governments. This would impact the way the WBG works both with governments and with the private sector.

[GEF] The SFCCD should be clearly linked to the new financing tool that is the Climate Investment Funds, as well as to other new financing tools, with a clear description of how each will be deployed in relation to the overall strategy.

[GEF] The WBG needs to make a clear distinction between how it will use “new financial instruments” and how it will deploy its existing / normal resources to address climate change in development.

[GEF] The SFCCD must define precisely what it means by “work with the private sector.” If there are plans of changing the modalities of working with the private sector, the SFCCD should lay out exactly why and what any changes would be.

88

[GEF] Regarding the issue of additionally to ODA, how do we define additionally? Considering that ODA decreased in 2006-2007, thought should be given to concentrating on the establishment of a “self-sustainable” global financial architecture for financing climate change, perhaps based on the polluter pays principle. This is an area where the WBG has a very important contribution to make, and the SFCCD should address.

[GEF] WBG needs to be careful not to use its own resources and concessional financing to undertake activities that would be better left to the private sector or by its massive purchasing power, to undercut local markets. For example, the recent Uganda CFL give-away, using IDA funds, may well have destroyed the local lighting equipment supply chain in Uganda. This may save the utility some Megawatts, but caution should be exercised to ensure that the local lighting suppliers and their economic prospects are not ruined. Don’t do with soft Bank/IDA money what the private sector should do.

[GEF] WBG also needs to take into account the Earth Fund, recently established by the GEF through the IFC, as it seeks to stimulate innovative paths for technological innovation.

[GEF] If the Bank is moving to get into “newer”, pre-commercial technologies, it must keep track of the “risk-reward” profile and source the support through the appropriate part of its own institutional setting. Is IFC more capable at the innovative activities than the Bank? They claim to be, but so far, evidence may be mixed.

[GEF] The Bank seems to take a myopic view of carbon markets and the SFCCD, while not pre-judging the post 2012 architecture, should seek to clarify the Bank’s vision of how it and CF will fit into that “brave new world”.

89




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Representatives from Civil Society]- RFF

What is the Value of having the Adaptation Fund? Will this be in parallel with the UNFCCC fund?

[Representatives from Civil Society]-- EDF

The WB has been involved in Climate Change for sometime. Before the GEF, there was ESMAP which was designed for energy efficiency. There was a promise to mainstream environment in the WB portfolio. Not much progress has been made on this. IEG will soon have a report which indicates that environment has been treated as a sector apart from others. There has been no real strategy to integrate environment into the World Bank’s portfolio. What is necessary is to have a system of monitoring and evaluation of funds dedicated to climate initiatives and impacts on the ground.

[Representatives from Civil Societ y]- FOE

Under the UNFCCC mechanism, there’s a LDCF and UNFCCC Fund for technology for dealing with adaptation. Under the WB presentation, it is hard to see how this is transformational as opposed to incremental where we need to be.

[Representatives from Civil Society]- FOE

When can we expect to see full carbon charge/cost in IFC’s projects cost benefit analysis because it is information which is important to be taken into account to see what the GHG does/ does not cost.

[Representatives from Civil Society]-Amazon Alliance

Our primary concern is where is lots of this funding going? To what extent can indigenous people trust the World Bank with funds and how the funds will be managed efficiently.

[Representatives from Civil Society]- WRI

Conversations leading up to Copenhagen are about writing checks. The political realities do not point to new financing. Is there a dose of reality that needs to be injected?


How do you align the private sector investment with more sustainable energy choices? How do you see the SFCCD presenting new opportunities to revisit these situations?

[Representatives from Civil Society]-

I would encourage that you make the methodologies available for Monitoring and Evaluation of GHG emission under the climate funds


Will the money go to regional development banks? How will this be implemented?


Concern about the proliferation of funds. There is big tension between the CIF and what 130 or so developing countries are calling for. Also, it is outside the UNFCCC framework since they have the mandate to do this.

90


Title Location Date Stakeholder Category ECA Video conference Video conference DC,

Almaty, Astana, Bishkek, Dushanbe, and Tashkent

June 19, 2008 Multistakeholder: Government, CSO, academia, and private sector

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

NGO The WBG needs to be more involved in renewable and alternative energy sources, including solar and wind power. It appears absent.

Government The WBG should promote the financing of projects proposed by national initiatives to address climate change.


Interfaith: Muslim-Christian

Washington, DC June 19, 2008 Faith-based groups

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Faith-based group

There appears to be a gap in private sector financing for water sector investments, which will be crucial in adapting to climate change in developing countries. It appears that we are way behind the ball in raising these resources.


US Government World Bank, Washington, DC

June 23, 2008 Government

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Government With regards to the clean technology fund, Could you please ‘walk us through a project?’ i.e. the process, who gets to vote etc.

Government What will be the size of the fund initially? Will this be an annual amount?

Government There is a need to see whether there is a way to measure the difference between business as usual and where the investment plan will get you.

Government One of the greatest problems is copyright to deploy clean technology. Is there any consideration for funding to buy rights? Can this be built into the design of the funds?

Government Is there any sense of how big the “transformational change” has to be to qualify for funding?

Government With regards to the clean technology fund, Could you please ‘walk us through a project?’ i.e. the process, who gets to vote etc.

91


Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Saudi Arabia Jeddah, Saudi Arabia June 23, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] [Legislature] [Representatives from Civil Society] [Private sector]

The Bank can lobby Annex II countries under the convention to provide new and additional resources for climate change. The Bank can play an important role by providing co-financing together with private sector investment aimed at addressing climate change. By grouping funding sources, the bank can help is risk-sharing and providing more guarantees for investors and donors. The Bank can also coordinate more private sectors funding through guarantees.


Vietnam Hanoi, World Bank Office

June 24, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Int. Donor Is it true that 8 countries have received CIFs?

UNDP How to know whether the new funds are really new, or simply a re-scheme of old funds? WB should show which funds are new and which are not.

Private Sector Role of private sector in SFCCD? Policy framework shall help answer “invest or not invest” and encourage financing institutions to join. Preliminary results should be available within 1 year. Need more supports on renewable energy.

92

5. Building Capacity within countries, regions and institutions will be crucial to address climate change issues. How can the World Bank Group contribute?




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply3

FAO There is a lot we don’t yet know – knowledge gaps, and yet a lot of money available and market mechanisms being pursued. What do you make of all this?


Cairo Consultation Cairo, Egypt April 17, 2008 Multi-stakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply4

[Government]

Capacity building should be considered in the broader sense, and include a wide range of environmental functions and activities, including those associated with compliance with the environmental regulation, such as inspection.

[Government]

The World Bank should make available during consultations information related to the types of capacity building it can offer to developing countries.

[Government]

There is a need to include the ministries of finance in the consultations, given the limited role the ministries of environment can play, and to avoid the state of “policy vacuum” that exists in the developing countries.

[Government]

Egypt needs support from the World Bank to develop its Climate change National Strategy, as it did for the development of Egypt’s CDM Strategy. Both a technological and a financial needs assessment would need to be conducted.

[Government]

Capacity building in the field of Climate Change should include environmental accounting, and introduction of tools and means to assess and quantify vulnerability.

[Government]

The World Bank should look at providing the countries with and supporting the countries in: policy formulation, tools, models and methodologies. This should not be done at the national levels, within the country boundaries, but be expanded to the boundaries of regions facing the same threats.

93



Geneva Consultation Geneva, Switzerland April 18, 2008 Civil Society Organization ( CSO)

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply5


The link between the global level and the national/local/community level needs to be strengthened.


SFCCD could elaborate more on the use of climate risk approach and linkages, at an operational level, between disaster management programs and adaptation to climate change




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Given the involvement of many players, it would be useful if the Bank – through the SFCCD - could facilitate partnerships, synergies, better information sharing and joint participation in events of common interest.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


Capacity-building is important, in particular for new type of development. There is no funding for research related to technology transfer

[Former government official]

In terms of capacity building, the WB should go back to basics and become more efficient and not add carbon criteria as new 'gimmicks' in its development operations

[Private Sector] Need for capacity building at multiple levels was highlighted ( i.e government, private sector) Local banks do not understand Kyoto, CDM, including the Equator Banks so this would create difficulty to scale up existing initiatives.

94




Consultation


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[IP] Concern on how communication and information gets across to IPs (no radios, newspapers). Asked whether there is a system in the WB that requires Government to make sure that all IPS are informed on processes such as the consultation. Are there any reporting mechanisms to make sure governments consult with IPs?

We need capacity for conservation of nature. We can't continue to extract but we need to strengthen what we have.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


The Bank should convince Economic, Planning and Finance Ministers of the importance of this issue. Also the Bank should be working with multiple sector ministries encouraging them to coordinate better (e.g. disaster management agencies and environment agencies really do not talk to each other at the moment). Use opportunities such as the Pacific Energy Ministers meeting, to relay the message.


Lack of strategic planning/institutional capacity is a bottle neck. This remark was made in relation to the Pacific Islanders, and the example given of a new government building in Tuvalu with an air conditioner in every room.


Bank has key role to play along with other donors to ensure consistency between adaptation and disaster risk reduction, i.e. national disaster offices and environment departments. It would be nice to see more communication between these two. Also another CSO commented how adaptation and DRR were often the same (i.e. they were dealing with current and future impacts of climate change), but represented by different govt. departments who did not often talk to each other.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] No response

95




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

With a view to intensify efforts around mobilization of additional concessional funding for climate change activities in developing countries, the WBG may consider aspects such as:

• Capacity building and awareness raising measures targeting local and regional institutions to prepare program proposals and define funding strategies;

• Design and arrange innovative mechanisms to finance small scale project activities;

• Explore synergies and implement joint funding strategies with other development banks;

Make sure that WBG goes back to its original development mandate/objectives, inter alia by assisting local communities to identify priority project interventions, focus on providing funding for adaptation activities involving particularly vulnerable poor communities/least developed countries;

In particular, the WBG may play a key role in encouraging private sector investments by inter alia:

• Promote assessment and adoption of streamlined and transparent rules/regulatory frameworks for investments in relevant sectors;

• Facilitate enhanced understanding in national financial institutions on challenges and (business) opportunities of climate change work and its linkages with national development;

• Raise awareness on climate change and promote culture of corporate responsibility, inter alia by supporting efforts to identify and structure incentives for climate friendly investments;

Provide assistance to national financial institutions that work with private sector entities at the local level.


Amazon Alliance Briefing


May 7, 2008 Indigenous People

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Indigenous People]

There needs to be a bigger effort in getting the information down and consulting with IPs

96



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


The World Bank could offer thinking as to how to affect changes in policies and institutions to address climate change. World Bank knowledge on what will work and what will not work would be important: it should leverage its capacity in terms of sharing information and capacity building. It should provide support for appropriate research, technology and institutions. It should also build an improved understanding of these issues by talking with national governments.


Austrade Consultation Sydney, Australia May 16, 2008 Private Sector Respondent


[Private sector] The Bank should work with borrowing governments on the development and use of green building codes which would allow for the more efficient use of resources, including reduction in energy use.

[Private sector] The Bank could support efforts to better disseminate information concerning new developments in renewable energy. Similar efforts should be made for transmission systems and desalinization where interest is growing fast in adopting changes linked to climate change concerns.


Tunis Consultation Tunis, Tunisia May 19, 2008 Multistakeholder Respondent


It is unclear how the strategic action plan of the SFCCD Paper would generate interest among sub-regional groups. The Bank mainly deals with states or countries. It is difficult to see how sub-regional groups would have any tangible influence under the Bank’s strategic framework. How is this going to work?

97





[Private Sector] The Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand (IPENZ) and the Ministry for the Environment of New Zealand are developing a program to prepare engineers to meet climate change adaptation needs. The current outcome of this exercise is a national series of workshops “on climate change adaptation focusing on the ability to recognize and assess risk, in order to take the appropriate precautionary measures and make sensitive decisions, recognizing that there are no textbook specifications in the context of climate change adaptation.” While this work program was designed to meet New Zealand circumstances, its approach would have value elsewhere and across other disciplines and may fit into the World Bank’s efforts with respect to capacity building for climate change as influencing how countries develop professional practice or what expertise is brought to bear from external sources, is critical for early, competent uptake.


Germany Bonn (x1), Berlin (x2) May 19, 20, 23 Multistakeholder Respondent


(a) The private sector needs to be properly included in the strategy and in programs. The WBG needs to help create an enabling environment in developing countries, and set framework conditions that are conducive to private sector growth and involvement. (b) In order for the private sector to get involved, prices will have to come up to show that resources are scarce. Rising prices however bring about an equity problem, something the SFCCD does not discuss. Is there a low carbon vs. equity thinking in the WBG?



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Don’t lose sight of the social issues -- ensure that local community benefits from carbon market investments.

Indigenous groups are essential for sustainability.

98



Beijing Consultation Beijing, China May 20, 2008 Civil Society

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Think Tank] The World Bank should help local and regional authorities integrate climate change in their social and economic development strategies, and to achieve multiple benefits in so doing.

[Think Tank] The Bank can address the systemic blockages in the CDM and other financial mechanisms meant to benefit the poor through capacity building.

[Academia] The World Bank should build capacity at national and especially regional/local levels to integrate forestry into both mitigation and adaptation strategies.

[NGO] A challenge but also a great opportunity for the WBG: more education of stakeholders is necessary.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] The WBG needs to increase capacity building, both technical and financial, to institutions in developing countries = pillar 6 is the most important one.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] The WBG should be involved in capacity building to promote cost-effective climate smart development strategies as well as ensure effective knowledge transfer across and within sectors



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Academia] How will gender issues and indigenous knowledge be included in the strategic framework?

Also concern, though, that more private sector involvement may enhance vulnerabilities, e.g. through privatization. Can the Bank help governments expand social services and social safety nets to help reduce vulnerability?

99




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


Capacity building at the sectoral level is crucial to ensure that adaptation is taken into account in planning and budgeting beginning immediately.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response



Companies


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Private sector] Another criticism to renewable energy projects is the lack of capacity in new technologies in developing countries: the World Bank could finance Technical Assistance (TA) to develop this lack of capacity through training programs etc.




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Legislature] There is still a great need for furthering innovation and capacity building; e.g. rainwater harvesting is critical and needs to be managed in a more efficient fashion, especially in Africa

100




Brussels, Belgium May 28, 2008

Government

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] Participants expressed hope that World Bank would share experience, as this would be important information to demonstrate to politicians what can be delivered.

[Government] Participants were interested in the time-scale when the World Bank would be able to publish its experience on which projects worked and which did not.

[Government] The partnerships between the EC, China, India, and possibly South Africa on cleaner coal were highlighted.

[Government] More information should be provided on the World Bank Carbon Partnership, which was seen as tool, which led to a number of important follow-up initiatives.




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] What collaboration exists with EU initiative on Global Alliance on CC; how to ensure complementarities and knowledge sharing with other actors?

101





Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


How is the World Bank linking up with other agencies working on Climate Change?


The World Bank Strategy should elaborate on how the World Bank plans on linking up with other multilateral development banks


How can the World Bank support governments in developing countries (e.g. Cameroon) on a strategy against deforestation


Is the World Bank monitoring the impact on capacity building and the consequent ‘brain drain’? In the South, most public sector staff skilled in climate change policies tend to be attracted by the private sector


Emphasis should be placed on advocacy and lobbying for climate change as well as inclusiveness for rural and marginalized youth. In Egypt working on civil society should be a priority.


What role can there be for NGOs in development countries beyond awareness raising? Can NGOs implement projects –especially in countries where government are lacking appropriate response to climate change? A sustainable partnership between NGOs and governments should be developed in developing countries – and youth NGOs should not be left out of this, particularly youth organizations which have already been partners of the World Bank (such as via the YDP Network)


Besides monitoring and mapping capacity building for climate change policies in developing countries, the World Bank should also actively respond to the shortage of capacities


Is the World Bank strategy in line with the Climate Change strategy of the EU


Will the World Bank promote educational programs on climate change in universities to reach out to students?

102



Multistakeholder London June 3, 2008 Multilateral Organization

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Government and CSO

Measuring results. o How is the Bank going to measure results? o What is the relationship between the SFCCD results framework and that of the

CEIF? Is it possible to use indicators to measure results and still be flexible?




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[GEF] The WBG should indicate clearly exactly where it envisions its value added to be, and again present targets that specify complementarities and partnerships with its global partners.

[GEF] Although the WB does have a role to play in capacity building, it should seek to focus its efforts in this field to be more directly linked to the capacity necessary to set the policy frameworks necessary and to implement concrete investments. We do not believe that the Bank has any comparative advantage in the area of stand-alone capacity building and should focus on making concrete investments happen.

103




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Representatives from Civil Society]-Climate Institute

With regards to slide 12 of the presentation, we are so close to the danger zone that we should look at a shorter term global warming potential. Currently, the slide uses a span of 100 years. If you reduce this to 20 years, the band will be triple in terms of the catastrophic effects. Developing countries can make a tremendous difference by working on agriculture treating waste, looking at methane. In so doing, they will create opportunities for carbon emission.


The SFCCD should reflect on how good practice could become standard practice. It could also examine ways in which there will be incentive mechanisms to see how climate change will be integrated into other sectors

[Representatives from Civil Society]-WRI

This is an opportunity for the WB to leverage technical capacity and expertise for helping developing countries.


I disagree with the IPCC that impacts will be less on developed countries. Look at the effects on the Midwest now. Adaptation is pretty hard. With most assessments, you look locally. But for adaptation, you have to look at the international markets and investments and their impacts on others. Basically, you look at your place in relation to other countries. Is the World Bank going to build a framework to look at where countries impact others?


ECA Video conference Video conference DC, Almaty, Astana, Bishkek, Dushanbe, and Tashkent


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Academia The political ramifications of the capacity of governments and policy makers are very significant in the current environment. The WBG should be active in building the capacity of national actors in developing countries to better understand and analyze the impacts of climate change.




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Government Is there any work within the Bank to assist developing countries with their institutional barriers/models? For example issues pertaining to enforcement and compliance and building human capacity?

104


Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Saudi Arabia Jeddah, Saudi Arabia June 23, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


Capacity Building projects and activities are crucial for developing countries in understanding the challenges of climate change, the way they can adapt. Thus, capacity building is an ongoing exercise for almost all developing countries. it touches upon all aspects of climate change, adaptation, mitigation, costs associated with them, the impact of adaptation and mitigation policies on developing countries, the costs and spill over effects on developing countries from the mitigation response measures taken by Annex I countries to address climate change, the technologies that can bus used and how to get access to them on concessional and preferential terms. These are just some of the main areas where capacity building needs to be ongoing. Other areas include support for national and regional research centers. Capacity building can be viewed just like any other project that requires support, both technical and financial. Thus the Bank can play an important role in soliciting the resources required for capacity building in developing countries.


Vietnam Hanoi, World Bank Office

June 24, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Govt. MPI (Ministry Planning) agrees on CC impacts to development of VN. A mechanism to coordinate between donors is needed. MPI is aware of its role in integration of CC/sustainable development to national development planning. Needs: capacity building, tools to guide on planning, support on policy making.

105

6. Other Issues? Title Location Date Stakeholder Category



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Center for Environmental Law

Is the World Bank likely to go only for projects with high impact, or also microfinance projects, which could benefit climate while also yielding other benefits, such as employment etc? Would action not deemed commercially viable be overlooked?

FOE-UK

Are the new forest funds for helping the World Bank make money off of forests? There are conflict of interest issues… Previous World Bank operations in the Amazon have had a destructive effect on rainforests.


Why are the proposed climate adaptation funds not centralized under the Adaptation Fund?

Indian Govt. Can you assure the CIFs will be additional to normal lending? Indian Govt. Is there a threat of conditionalities creeping into normal lending? Climate Action Africa

The CIF process is political, and LDCs are not invited to participate in the design of the funds.

Bangladesh (NGO); FOEUK; Oxfam

Funds should be in the form of grants – not concessional lending – this will allow the most vulnerable to have access to them.

Bangladesh NGO

Which countries will have access to the funds?



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply6

[Government]

There is a big concern that the development plans of the developing countries may be negatively affected by the launch of climate change initiatives from developed countries.

[Government]

It’s very important to maintain the notion of the common but differentiated responsibility, and it’s also important that both developed and developing countries share a common vision.

[Government]

The table on the countries most at Risk from the 6 climate threats listed Egypt as subject to 1 risk only, which is the coastal one, when agriculture in the delta and all over Egypt is considered the highest priority in Egypt. In fact Egypt is vulnerable to all 6 threats.

[Government]

It’s important not to generalize when talking about “developing countries” and the emphasis should be on the “vulnerability of the countries”, not the fact that they are developing countries.

[Government] The state of “uncertainty” should be integrated into sensitivity analysis and the decision making process.

106

[Government] Did externalities, such as the current world recession been taken into consideration, or will be taken into consideration?

[Government]

It’s not conceivable that a strategy dealing with climate change would not consider biodiversity; which is a key area for Egypt’s tourism, as it has already been heavily impacted by “coral bleaching” in the Red Sea.

[Government] Is the objective of this strategic framework to help the countries, and what would be the benefits to the countries?

[Government] There is a need to improve the climate change culture in the region. [Government] Who should support technology transfer? [Government] Low –carbon growth needs to be better defined. [Government]

The Bank needs to be more consistent in its approach and have a common policy regarding the low/high carbon growth, as the situation varies at the Bank from one sector to another.

[Government] There is no policy in the country to reward Cleaner production or CDM. [Government] The ability of the developing countries to benefit from CDM market is

questionable.

107


Geneva Consultation Geneva, Switzerland April, 18, 2008 Civil Society Organization (CSO)

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply7


SFCCD could provide a definition of adaptation, and better explain additionally of adaptation activities vis-à-vis development activities.


Health, Humanitarian and Relief aspects of climate change need to be articulated more. Currently, SFCCD does not use the word “humanitarian”. While these are areas where other UN agencies (WHO, OCHA, IOM) are taking the lead, the issues could be acknowledged. The SFCCD could elaborate on the multiple-benefits approach and how it plans to maximize co-benefits. A recent presentation by the carbon finance team emphasized maximizing reductions of carbon over co-benefits, and this could be clarified.


Better coordination is needed between the disaster risk and reduction agenda and the climate change agenda




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Private Sector] On carbon finance On the more positive side, one participant from the private sector (involved in the landfill GHG reduction project in Indonesia) argued that carbon finance is a successful example of a new business model. He noted that 7% of the funds from the Community Development Fund were going to local communities. CDM and carbon finance reward environmentally sustainable projects. This business model did not exist before. Also new technology and investment comes in to Indonesia, as in the case of new gas flaring technology in landfill project. There needs to be an improvement in the methodology and registration procedures in the CDM. There is also a need to build up capacity on the side of local governments to manage CDM projects. Financing from local banks is a very important issue, as domestic banks still do not understand the 'carbon credits' as a new commodity which can be sold in the market. Thus, it is difficult for them to

108



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

value the risk on carbon finance projects and thus they are hesitant to provide loans. On the Bank’s Own Internal Systems to Manage the CCSFD Agenda [Government] The WB should increase it own internal capacity to handle development projects.

As can be seen in the case of GEF geothermal project, there has been some delays in the process of implementation The green KDP program also requires more investment from the WB in human resources in the future. This will just get worse if the Bank is also managing big climate change funds.

[Former government official]

The Bank needs to consider a seventh pillar in the CCSFD, one focused internally on what the Bank was doing to change its own systems and train its own staff to be more responsive to climate change.

Someone at the end noted that perhaps people were being too harsh and that from the sound of the presentation, it was a new WB trying hard to do things differently and that the WB needed to work harder to convey this to external audiences.

109



Consultation


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Too many complex problems in policies. Too many overlapping policies in forestry, mining. How will this change the WB policies?

IP from Peru

Why does the WB give priority to extraction of natural resources?

IP from Cambodia

Concept Note was unacceptable. IP and climate change cannot be separated from land tenure issues. (Statement on paper). Asking WB to tell Government to respect land tenure and to enter into new consults with IPs. Obtain free prior informed consent before sub-decrees.

The word "Indigenous People" does not appear in the document.

Add a separate Paragraph on Paragraph. 18 - add specific Paragraphs on IPs

No mention of cultural impacts or impacts on IPs.

110


Canberra Consultation Canberra, Australia May 2, 2008 Civil Society Organization CSO

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply8


The concept paper was very top down and that civil society/bottom up initiatives were a "bit of a blind spot."


Suggest that WB look at food security and climate change together (from AVI). Rural agriculture and rural livelihoods should be an important area of focus. What were we doing through the CGIAR network and how were we being more astute about agribusiness initiatives?


More focus needed on economic issues, knowledge generation and well being of communities (e.g. landowners are already planting according to wind patterns). More respect for local knowledge was needed.


Like to see more emphasis on "twinning programs" Also on leveraging other resources (e.g. people, other organizations, universities) better.


Climate change is already occurring and is urgent NOW. Timing is urgent. We need to put this issue on a "war footing"


They see only scattered efforts with respect to coordination with other donors, particularly on the ground.


"Countries do not know what they want...so they cannot demand it." This was in response to my discussion on the country driven model.


Need to analyze costs at all levels, not just $ costs. ACFID were trying to do this for the world's first climate refugees. (but no donor support).


CDM - Scale of projects is very small and transactions costs high. Regional needs assistance with setting up national DNAs.


How did the CIFs play into the UNFCCC negotiations?


Who else and where else were we consulting in the Pacific region?


What was the Bank doing within its own operations on reducing carbon emissions?

111



Consultation


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Paragraph 37 - talks about WB experience. Could also mention IP experience with SLM. Add components: add human rights dimension; in a separate paragraph add territorial management of IPs, and don't just limit to WB projects.

WB was created by G7. This restricts financial assistance- not available for those countries or IPs in those countries. How will bank address this and will they be allowed to participate?



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government]

These questions are difficult to answer. Better ones could be (i) what if there is no new money (just IDA) - what can be done with this? Are we talking about shifts in emphasis within existing programs? (ii) What if there is new money? This is the case at the moment with respect to the CIFs, so the conversation is all about these.

[Government]

Participants noted that it was inappropriate to talk of the Bank as being neutral to the UNFCCC negotiations - we were not neutral, and through pilot initiatives were influencing the negotiations.

[Government]

There was a lot of emphasis on coordinating even more than is already happening with the Regional Development Banks (particularly in the context of their planning processes).

[Government] The MIC and LIC approach in the concept paper was useful. [Government]

There was emphasis on the need and how to better coordinate Bank efforts with bilateral and country efforts.

112




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

In order to contribute to efforts aiming at accelerating the development and transfer of climate friendly technology, the WBG may engage in the following areas:

• Provide technical assistance for the development of an enabling environment at national/local level, addressing inter alia barriers assessments, facilitate policy-making processes, review of relevant legal frameworks, development of standards and codes;

• Foster establishment of regional/national research and development (R&D) funds for climate friendly technology, and facilitate and support involvement of national entities in such facilities;

• Establish and manage lines of credits for the specific purpose of promotion and dissemination of climate friendly technologies; and/or lead and coordinate similar joint efforts with other regional development banks;

• Design and establish guarantee programs (or similar fiduciary instruments) aimed at promoting commercial clean technologies in developing countries;

Set sound results-based monitoring system and good practice guidance, in order to secure effective, adequate and sustainable transfer of technology.


Amazon Alliance Briefing Washington D.C., U.S.A May 7, 2008 Indigenous People [Indigenous People]

When you (WB) talk about clean technology, what kind of technology are you referring to?

[Indigenous People]

Low carbon emissions – What mechanisms are those going to be? What is the WB thinking in regards to this?


Sydney Consultation Sydney, Australia May 16, 2008 Civil Society Respondent



Does the World Bank provide funding for nuclear power plants?

113


Austrade Consultation Sydney, Australia May 16, 2008 Private Sector Respondent


[Private sector] The Bank should take greater advantage of the skills that are available from both the government and private sector in Australia and other member countries to address climate change mitigation and adaptation.


Wellington Consultation Wellington, New Zealand May 19, 2008 Private Sector and Government

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response

Title Location Date Stakeholder Category Tunis Consultation Tunis, Tunisia May 19, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] Listening to the presentation of SFCCD and the following the general debate of climate change, it is as if the problems of climate change is caused by the developing countries. Only 2.7 % of GHG emissions are caused by African countries, so why is it that developing countries always have to make the biggest efforts? There are two key issues: How to design sustainable development for the future and how to design a strategy for adaption. These two issues cannot be separated however, so the question is: At which level do you place adaptation in sustainable development? Also, environmental issues and problems should be addressed not only at the local level, but also on a sub-national level.

[Independent expert]

It is a problem that the World Bank insists on taking a neutral position toward countries which have decided not to adhere to the Kyoto Protocol. Climate change is already happening and has happened for the past 30-50 years here in Tunisia, so taking a neutral stand is disappointing.

There is a serious information problem when it comes to climate change. If we do not have enough information about adaptation and economic consequences, there will be no adaptation. Is it not possible to address scientific results, vulnerability, and effects of resource management in the SFCCD?

[Government] (Ministry of Health)

Climate change will bring about many health issues. Is the World Bank going to take any action to prioritize public health as part of the SFCCD such as health problems caused by pollution and changes in weather patterns, e.g. heavy rain falls

114

[Government] (Ministry of Environment)

The World Bank’s approach to climate change should be holistic by concentrating on how to integrate the different sectors, financing, and development of new technology instead of focusing only on individual countries and/or regions such as Africa and the Mediterranean. The World Bank should focus more on protective measures for the effects of climate change. 80% of the Tunisian population live by the sea shore and just as rising sea levels will have great impact on eco systems and bio diversity the population will also be greatly affected by the social, physical and economic impacts.

115


Helsinki Consultation Helsinki, Finland May 20, 2008

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response


Germany Consultations

Bonn (x1), Berlin (x2), Germany

May 19-20, 23, 2008 Multistakeholder

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


Category


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[NGO] If the World Bank does not base the SFCCD on any one (IPCC) scenario, or set a particular benchmark for temperature rise or CO2 levels, how can it determine priorities? Will it set binding targets for its own support?

[Think Tank] Developing countries are faced with the double uncertainties of climate change itself and the climate change negotiations. The World Bank should engage in risk analysis with developing countries to face this uncertainty.

[Think Tank] To what extent does the WB believe developing countries should agree to binding commitments? If targets are not binding, it will be hard to halt climate change.

[Academia] In addressing agriculture, be conscious of the fact that farmers in developing countries are seriously disadvantaged by their lack of political power with respect to their counterparts in developed countries

What is the WB position on low carbon economies. Does the WB support the biomass sector? It will influence the cost of food. There is considerable uncertainty, risk.

116



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply9

[Government] Regarding pillar 4, we want a bigger and stronger GEF: GEF is the financing mechanism of the climate change agreement.

[Government] The SFCCD doesn’t talk about developed countries’ responsibilities, but concentrates on recipient countries. It should strike a better balance. It should not just ask developing countries to do something, it should ask developed countries to do something.

[Government] The SFCCD should not influence the negotiation process. In the SFCCD document, page 10 paragraph 26 talks about country ownership. However the paragraph’s contents do not match or support the title. The SFCCD should be clear about how it will guarantee country ownership.



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No Response



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response

117



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


The WBG should pay more attention to the Salim report on the financing of extractive industries. As long as the WBG continues to finance extractive industries, it is “part of the problem.”


Governance of climate change funds and financing is very important. Some developing countries are uncomfortable with the governance arrangements of the UNFCCC Adaptation Fund, given the composition of the GEF Council. Since the money will come from the CDM, Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) should have access to the governance structures.


Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) should not be applied through a “fully fungible approach” in which reporting and monitoring is impossible. Programs should be country led and fall within an international carbon trading system.


Copenhagen Consultation Copenhagen, Denmark May 24, 2008 Civil Society No response



Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


What role does food security and research on agriculture play in the Strategic Framework? This should be related to adaptation.


How will the Strategic Framework affect the Bank’s projects policies in other areas that are less ecologically friendly projects such as the lack of support for urban public transport?


Where is the consistency between WB policies on climate change and policies that promote privatization of water and energy and destroy bio-diversity?

Who will be able to access these Climate Investment Funds? Could you tell us more on climate change insurance products?

118



Companies


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

No response




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Legislature] No response




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] Participants worried about how to make sure that high-growth countries (China, India, etc.) are sustainable and not leading to fast raising CO2 emissions.




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[Government] Definition of being UNFCCC neutral?



Brussels, Belgium May 29, 2008 Youth

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


How have governments responded to the WB Climate Change Strategy so far?

119


London Consultation London June 3, 2008 Multilateral Organization

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

CSO Consultation process and communications looking forward. o Many people in Africa for whom this framework is intended have very limited

access to information. In this context, information on climate change and its effects should be shared before the consultation process.

o The SFCCD concept note omits any reference to participation, voice, the role of debate, and media, while underscoring the need to raise awareness and communicate.

The Bank should have a communication plan to show how the actions of government, private sector, and other constituencies on climate change address the needs of the poorest people.

CSO Further details/definitions.

o Definition of the following terms was requested: energy access; carbon technology; adaptation.

The SFCCD should explain what analytical framework it uses to cost renewable energy.

Government What is the impact of the rising consumption of virtual water –the amount of water that is embedded in food or other products needed for its production - in climate change?

CSO The Bank should look into the effects of consumption trends in climate change (e.g. GHG emissions).

CSO Climate change will require additional ODA. CSO Gender: The gender dimension has not been scoped properly, and should include

the household dimension. CSO Bali Action Plan: how can the Bank enhance its support to the Bali Action Plan to

obtain credible commitments from rich countries and to promote on innovative financing for adaptation?

CSO The WB should ensure that National Adaptation Programs for Action (NAPA) are pro-poor and address the inequality of mitigation and adaptation issues.

CSO What role can the Southern CSOs play in the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience? CSO New studies show that in an environment of volatile prices for gas and oil,

renewables are more cost effective despite of their higher initial costs. Government Shadow pricing: what steps is the Bank taking? This is an urgent issue.

120




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

[GEF] The SFCCD should include targets of what the WBG wants to achieve regarding promotion of renewable energy, research and development of new climate-friendly technologies and other issues relating to adaptation and mitigation. More clarity and concrete messages will help to bring into relief the roles and responsibilities of the WBG within the global architecture, and facilitate effective coordination and cooperation, which is truly crucial.


CSO Consultation Washington D.C., U.S.A

June 17, 2008 Civil Society

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply


You say you have had consultations in Bolivia but the largest IP group there has not heard of you. Who is in your consultations and how is that being managed? We will share a document with you, which details what is a consultation and what are some of the international and legal standards governing consultations.


The WB may want to examine the issue of poverty through the lens of the law. A recent UN paper examines 4 broad pillars of legal empowerment. WB President Zoellick has recently endorsed this and is examining how this could be transmitted into the WB’s work.

[Representatives from Civil Society]- TNC

The WB can also learn from the Poverty Environment Partnership.


What’s happening in China and India regarding pollution? They are both heavily polluted. Are they thinking about building stacks to get sulfates which are cooling agents through the global stratosphere? This will have a tremendous impact. It is important to know whether they do that.

[Representatives from Civil Society]-RFF

What is the World Bank dong with regards to food security and how does that conflict with the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility. How is the WB thinking about integrating funds around sectors so that you don’t have conflicting funds?

[Representatives from Civil Society]- IPS

This is a fantastic opportunity that the WB is taking time to address and examine climate change. I will advocate for slowing down the process. Take a step back and look at what the WB is doing. For example, look at the idea that you are putting money towards climate change and then still causing it for example in developing countries. There is a conflict of interest which is essential.

[Representatives from Civil Society]- EDF

What role do you anticipate for nuclear energy in all this?

121


What indicators are being used to integrate this into the broader results framework and indicators?


It is difficult to see how this is just a little bit better than business as usual


What happens to forest under the strategic fund?


What does the WB have in mind in terms of IRSA and the wide scale infrastructural development around energy and transport impacts. Large scale infrastructural developments pose threats to indigenous peoples. When you look at the cumulative ( like deforestation) impacts of multiple projects running simultaneously it could be quite severe. How do you measure the impacts- not just from the project itself but the social and environmental cumulative impacts?

[Representatives from Civil Society]- EDF

Just to point out, the WB’s Inspection Panel said that the Bank should look at cumulative impacts.


ECA Video conference Video conference DC, Almaty, Astana, Bishkek, Dushanbe, and Tashkent


Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

NGO Civil society needs more support in the form of information on the consequences and impacts of climate change in order to engage in active and necessary education campaigns for the general population in order to foster support for timely action by the government.

Government Civil Society may play a very important role in promoting awareness, tapping local knowledge and disseminating information in general.

122


Interfaith: Muslim-Christian

Washington, DC June 19, 2008 Faith-based groups

Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Faith-based group

The consumption patterns of developed countries must be addressed head on.

Faith-based group

Faith-based groups can be powerful voices to force legislators to make the right decisions.

Faith-based group

The image of the USA is very bad in many parts of the world. One reason is that the environmental policy of the USA is not respectful of the rest of the world: such a policy is not coherent with its position as a world leader. The WBG should help the USA and other rich countries to understand how developing countries perceive their responsibility.

Faith-based group

Evangelicals, root what they believe about the climate in the Bible and their theology. With numbers and position comes responsibility – evangelicals need to engage the issues of the day – they are concerned about people who are poor, because God is concerned about people who are poor; environmental issues deeply affect poor people.

Faith-based group

Islam and Christianity are some of the largest influences in the world; Evangelical Christianity (in its Pentecostal form) and Islam are two of the fastest growing groups in the world.

Faith-based group

In Islam, community is the most important thing; but at the same time, the idea of individual responsibility must be developed; this is what makes a difference in the end.




Respondent Type

Consultation Reply

Government What is low carbon growth? What does it cover?

Government How much different is a low carbon development strategy from economic development as we have understood it? How is this envisaged, is it a different model of development or is it in addition to the model we have known?

123


Saudi Arabia Jeddah, Saudi Arabia June 23, 2008 Multistakeholder Respondent



The Impact of Response Measures: In addition to the adaptation to climate change, a key area of importance to Saudi Arabia is the adaptation to the mitigation response measures taken by Annex I countries to address climate change. It is a well established fact, from the IPCC and other studies, that the mitigation response measures will have an impact on countries with economies that are highly dependent on the production and export of fossil fuels especially oil. This is an important area that the Bank can assist in. The costs of adaptation are still not very clear for most countries, and the Bank is supporting a global study on the economics of adaptation. Taking into account the cost (spill over effect) of mitigation policies on developing countries, particularly fossil fuel exporters, is an important dimension that needs to be taken on board and addressed.

compiled summary reports (collated by question)...2013/04/08 · 24 compiled summary reports...

Documents