Unit 0

Time and

History

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INDEX

Page 3. GlossaryPage 4. Chapter 1: Measuring timePage 6. Chapter 2: timelinesPage 9. Chapter 3: Cause and effectPage 12. Chapter 4: Historical sourcesPage 14. Chapter 5: The Tollund Man Mystery

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GLOSSARY UNIT 0: TIME AND HISTORY

ENGLISH SPANISH DEFINITION

Past

Present

Future

Decade

Century

MIllenium

B.C.

A. D.

Source

Reliability

Opinion

To bias

To compare

Judgement

Fact

Interpretation

Cause

Effect

Event

Short term cause

Long term cause

Short term effect

Long term effect

Write the year you prefer: ……………….With which type of numerals have you written it?.............................. This is because we always write years with …………………………….. numeralsNow write the century you prefer: ………………..With which type of numerals have you written it?..........................This is because we always write centuries with …………………………….. Numerals. But REMEMBER, in Britain, we write centuries with Arabic cardinal numbers, like this: XVI century=16th. centuryDo you remember how the Romans made up their numerals?

Number 1: ……. Number 2: …… Number 3: …….. Number 4: ………… Number 5: ………. Number 6: ………Number 7: ……… Number 8: ……. Number 9: ……… Number 10: ……… Number 14:………. Number 18:……. And then , the most difficult to remember:

Number 50: Number 100:Number 500:Number 1000:

Remember, when putting together the Roman numbers, there are THREE main and clear rules:1/ A letter can only be repeated 3 times.2/ If letters are placed after another letter of greater value, add that amount.3/ If letters are placed before another letter of greater value, subtract that amount.

MANY, MANY ROMANS ….

CHAPTER 1: MEASURING TIME

And now…. Let’s do some practise!:Number 325: ……….. Number 111: ……. Number 2452: …… Number 821: ……..Number 498: ………… Number 35.127 ………

Some other golden rules are-A year that has only 1 or 2 numbers corresponds always to Century I:Year 3 – Century I year 27 – Century I Year 98 – Century I- If a year has 3 numbers, you must add 1 to the first one, to obtain its century:Year 561 – Century VI (5+1=6) Year 814 – Century ……. (8+1= …….) -If a year has 4 numbers , you must add 1 to the first two, to obtain its century:Year 1212 – Century XIII (12+1=13) Year 1897 – Century …….. (18+1=…….)

Let’s see if you’ve got the whole idea:A/write down to which centuries do these years belong (of course, in Roman numbers)

1111:328:2:1958:821:784:2015:1225:999:53:84:

B/ Match with arrows the centuries and the years they correspond to. Do you know what happened in these years?:

476 AD XVIII1492 AD XX1789 AD XV 1945 AD XIII1212 AD V711 AD VIII3.500 BC XXXVI

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1986 1987 1988 1989

RAFA IS BORN IN MANACOR

CHAPTER 2: TIMELINES

1. Rafa Nadal. A timeline

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2003 2004 2005 2006

I was born in Cartagena

2. My own life. A timeline

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5 BC

I was born in Cartagena

3. If I were born in the year 5 BC, how would my life’s time line be?

REMEMBER! AC means before Christ. AD (=anno domini) means after

Christ. There is no year 0.

1/ The cause is an event or action that makes something happen. Ask: why did this happen?

2/ The effectIs the result of the event . Ask: What is the consequence?

Now think which are causes and which are effects. Can you write about the succession of facts? (Attention, one fact can be both cause and effect )

IT RAINS

YOU HAVE TO GET AN UMBRELLA

A B C

CHAPTER 3: CAUSE AND EFFECT

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Choose on of the images and write a brief paragraph to explain what cause has lead to what effect

When historians want to explain something, the often find that an event can have more than one cause:

But you will find that also a cause can have multiple effects:

How would you explain which are the causes that make it impossible to chew gum in your classroom?

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Write your own history!!!! Make a succession of causes and effects and see were your imagination

can lead you

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CHAPTER 3: HISTORICAL SOURCES

A source is anything that gives us information about the past.

There are two types of sources:

PRIMARY SOURCE – it is a source from the same time as the period we want to study and it is a record of a person’s experience or perspective. It is a first-hand evidence.

This is a primary source. It is a painting by Picasso. It shows how Picasso saw a lady called Dora Maar

To understand a primary source, it is important to find out what it is telling us:•Who created this primary source?•When and why was it created?•What type of primary source is it?•What does it tell you about a place or event?•What questions does it raise?

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SECONDARY SOURCE – it is a source that provides interpretations and explanations of events after they took place. A secondary source is created by analysing and synthesising

This is a secondary source. It is a book about the paintings of Picasso. It gives an interpretation of his style

Let’s see if you can tell if these are primary or secondary sources:

1) A play showing how Benjamin Franklin flew a kite during a lightning storm. P/S2) Anne Frank's diary describing her life during World War 2. P/S3) A cartoon showing how Pocahontas met John Smith. P/S4) A text book describing the life of Napoleon P/S5) A news report about the opening of a power plant. P/S6) Your grandmother recipe of gazpacho P/S7) A YouTube video describing how the pyramids were built P/S8) An interview with Alexander Graham Bell about how he invented the telephone P/S. 9) A radio broadcast from the day the Soviet Union launched Sputnik. P/S 10) An autobiography about Adolph Hitler P/S11) A book describing Christopher Columbus sailing to America. P/S12) A famous artist's painting of what prehistoric life was probably like. P/S13) A journal by a cowboy about the cattle drives from Texas to Kansas. P/S

14) The Spanish Constitution. P/S

15) Wikipedia P/S

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CHAPTER 5: THE TOLLUND MAN MYSTERY

What is a History Detective?A History Detective is somebody who looks at evidence from the past. They do not want to catch criminals or bring anybody to justice with this evidence. History Detectives want to learn about the past from the clues other people leave behind. The further back in the past we look the harder it is to find clues.

Am I a History Detective?

YES! In today's lesson you will be a History Detective. You are going to investigate a murder that happened in Denmark during the Iron Age. Using PRIMARY and SECONDARY evidence about the murder you will attempt to work out why a man died.If you think that YOU are up to this challenge then read the following information carefully because the Tollund Man is relying on you to decide who killed him and why they did it.

Look at the sources:

Source A.

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The body was found in a peat bog on Tollund Fen in Denmark in May 1950. Two men were digging peat for burning. As they worked they suddenly saw in the peat layer a face so fresh they thought they had come across a recent murder.They called the police. The men carefully removed the peat from the body till more of him could be seen. The man lay on his right side as if he was asleep. He wore no clothes, except for a pointed skin cap and a belt. His hair was cut short. Round the neck was a rope noose and an iron neck ring. It was drawn tight around his neck and throat.

These items were not found on the Tollund man but are similar to those around his neck. The items are a rope noose and a neck ring. Iron Age people buried neck rings with their dead as an offering to the Spring Goddess.

FORENSIC REPORTAge : The heart and organs

were healthy. The

wisdom teeth had

grown. These appear

in people around 20

years of age.

Stomach: The man had eaten

soup at least 12 hrs

before he died. The

soup was made up of

seeds that were

connected only with

the Spring

EXTRA INFORMATION: When

they dug the

grave some plants

were trapped under

the body. They were

about 2000 years old.

The German tribes worship

the Goddess of Spring.

Every Spring a cart

carries a statue of the

Goddess in a procession.

Afterwards the cart and

statue are washed by

slaves, and then the slaves

are sacrificed.

Source B Source C

Source D Source F

Source E

The German tribes hang

traitors from trees and

drown cowards in fens

under piles of sticks.

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COMPLETE THESE TASKS……

Quick Questions (answer in full sentences)1. Who found the body?2. Where was the body found?3. What did they find on the body?

More Detailed Questions4. Look at Source D, the FORENSIC REPORT, and explain why it suggeststhat the man did not die of old age or disease?5. Examine Source c. What do you think killed the Tollund Man?6. How long ago do you think the body was buried and what is your evidence?

Going Further…7. German tribes once lived in Denmark. The dead body was a German. Source Ftells you why he might have been killed. Complete the following sentence:Source F suggests that the man might have been killed because…8. Now look at Source E . Does it suggest a different reason why theTollund Man was killed. What is this reason? Complete the following sentence:Source E suggests that the man was killed because…

The Final StageNow write a report about what you think happened to the Tollund Man.Remember to use evidence to back up your suggestions with information fromthe sources.

You might like to use the following sentences to help you:“I think… happened because of what it says in Source…”“In my opinion I feel he was murdered. I think this because…”“Whilst we can’t be certain, Source… makes me think he was…”