components of a computer system components of a computer system
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Components of a
Computer System
Components of a Computer System
Components of a Computer System
Inside the system unit
- The cabinet
Inside it :- Mother Board, CPU, RAM, ROM, Data Bus, Hard Disk, Power Supply Unit etc…
Components of a Computer System
Processor / CPU (Central Processing Unit )
- Brain of the Computer
- Speed is measured in Hz (Eg:- 2.4GHz Processor)
- Control Unit, ALU, Cache memory are in this chip
- Examples:- Intel Pentium, AMD, Cyrix …..
Components of a Computer System
Mother Board
Main Circuit Board
ROM chip, Processor socket, Ram Slot and Chips and other electronic parts are on it
Components of a Computer System
Power Supply unit
Converts Alternative Current (AC) to the Direct Current (DC) and Distribute to the parts like Hard disk, Mother Board, CD ROM Drive etc..
Components of a Computer System
Peripheral devices
All the devices that are connected through the ports back side of the system unit
Components of a Computer System
Connecting Devices to portsSerial Port
Components of a Computer System
Connecting Devices to portsVedio Card Port
Components of a Computer System
Connecting Devices to portsParallel Port
Components of a Computer System
Connecting Devices to portsPS/2 Port
Components of a Computer System
Connecting Devices to portsUSB Port (Universal serial Bus)
Components of a Computer System
Connecting Devices to portsEthernet Port
(Network Port)
Components of a Computer System
Storage
Registers
Cache
Main Memory
Disk
Magnetic Tapes
High
Cost
Low
Low
Access Time
High
Components of a Computer System
Storage
Smallest Unit = 1 bit
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1024 Byte = 1 KB (Kilo Byte)
1024 KB = 1 MB (Mega Byte)
1024 MB = 1 GB (Giga Byte)
1024 GB = 1 Tera Byte (TB) 1024 TB = 1 Peta Byte (PB)
1024 PB = 1 exa byte (EB) 1024 EB = 1 zetta byte (ZB)
1024 ZB = Yotta byte (YB) 1024 YB = 1 xona byte
1024 XB = 1 weka byte (WB) ……….
Components of a Computer System
Memory
Cache Memory
Random Access Memory
Read Only Memory
Components of a Computer System
Cache Memory
Why :- Holds Data that immediately use by CPU
Where :- In The CPU
Capacity :- 512 KB, 1 MB etc…
Components of a Computer System
RAM (Random Access Memory)
Why :- Holds Data Temporary (Volatile)
Where :- On the Mother Board
Capacity :- 128MB, 256,512MB, 1 GB ….
Components of a Computer System
ROM (Read Only Memory)/ Firmware
Why :- Holds basic instructions that the computer wants
Where :- On the Mother Board
Non-Volatile Memory
There are 3 kinds
PROM – Programmable ROMInstructions once written can not be changed
EPROM – Erasable Programmable ROMInstructions can be change by using a UV (Ultra Violet) light in a ROM Burner machine.
EEPROM – Erasable Programmable ROMInstructions can be change by using Electricity
Components of a Computer System
Components of a Computer System
Secondary Storage
Components of a Computer System
Hard Disk
Why :- Holds Data Permanently
Where :- In the System unit
How data Stored:- By polarizing Magnetic Particles
Capacity :- 20GB, 40GB, 80 GB, 160 GB …..
Components of a Computer SystemHard DiskPlatters Heads
Tracks
A sector, being the smallest physical storage unit on the disk
A cluster can consist of one or more consecutive sectors.
Components of a Computer System
Floppy Disk
Why :- Holds Data Permanently
Where :- Floppy drive is in the System unit
How data Stored:- By polarizing Magnetic Particles
Capacity / Size :- 1.44 MB, 3 ½” inches
Components of a Computer System
Zip Disk & Jaz Disks
Capacity :-
Zip 100 to 750 MB
Jaz – 1 & 2 GB
Components of a Computer System
Magneto Optical disk
Why :- To store valuable data like films master copy etc…
How data Stored:- Using Laser Head & Magnetic Head
Capacity :- From 128 MB to …. GB
Components of a Computer System
Magnatic Tapes
Why :- To store data (Used for Backup purpose)
Components of a Computer System
Compact Disks(CD)/ Digital Versatile Disk (DVD)
Why :- To store data out side the computer
How data Stored:- Using Laser Lights
Capacity :- CD up to 700 MB, DVD 2 GB to 8 GB
Components of a Computer System
Mechanism of saving data
Components of a Computer System
Input Devices Key Board
Function KeysNumeric
Key Pad
Wired And Wire less Key Board Available
Components of a Computer System
Input Devices Mouse
X
Y
Components of a Computer System
Input Devices Tracker Ball Touch pad
Components of a Computer System
Input Devices Micro phone Digital Camera
Components of a Computer System
Input Devices Scanner
OCR (Optical Character Recognition)
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Components of a Computer System
Input Devices Finger Print Reader
Components of a Computer System
Input Devices Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
Components of a Computer System
Input Devices Environment Sensors
Components of a Computer System
Output Devices Cathode Ray Tube (CRT Monitors)
Components of a Computer System
Output Devices Liquid Crystal Display (LCD Monitors)
Less Space
Low Power consumption
Brightness images
No Flickers or Distortion
Expensive
Limited View angles
Components of a Computer System
Output Devices Printers
Dot Matrix
Ink Jet
Laser
Components of a Computer System
Output Devices Speakers Head phones
Components of a Computer System
Device Drivers Software CDs provided with Devices
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Components of a Computer SystemSoftware
Computer
Hardware
Can be seen & touch
Software
Instructions given to computer
Liveware
People who work with computers
Components of a Computer SystemSoftware Software
Operating SoftwareControls all the part of computer & lays between Hardware and Application Software
Wo
rd p
rocessin
g
Application Software
System Software
Utility programsEnhance the capability of an O/S
Sp
read S
heet
Data B
ase Man
agem
ent
Presen
tation
Deskto
p p
ub
lishin
g &
G
raph
ic Desig
n
Web
Desig
n &
D
evelop
men
t
Components of a Computer System
Graphical User Interface (GUI) & Command Line Interface (CLI)
All the commands should be given by text
commands can be given by clicking
Components of a Computer System
Function of Operating System
Hardware Application software
Operating System
(Works as a Bridge)
I am Typing a Letter using MS word
As Windows XP bring me to the Desktop
Components of a Computer System
Booting the ComputerPOST – Power On Self Test
CMOS Setup –
BIOS – Basic Input Output System
Boot Strap Loader
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