components of the visual system. the individual neuron
Post on 21-Dec-2015
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Components of the visual system
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The individual neuron
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Neuron
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Neurons
Purkinje cells from cerebellum, dendrites showing calcium concentration
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Synaptic connection
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Synapse
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The Eye
The main aspects are the photoreceptors, which is the input layer, and the ganglion cells, the output layer to the brain
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Eye
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Neural circuitry of the retina
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Receptors Density - Fovea
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Photoreceptors
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Photoreceptors
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Visual receptor types
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Spectral sensitivity
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Color Mixing
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Dynamic Range
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Center-surround Receptive Fields
Modified from PSY280F
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Edge-detection by zero-crossings
Some theory, and the relation to ganglion cells .
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Edge Detection by Z.C.
Peak in f’(x) z.c. in f’’(x) Noise: Asin(wx) > -w2cos(wx) Convolve with a Gaussian (optimal) d2/dx2(G*f) = d2/dx2(G) * f
In 2-D: d2/dx2 + d2/dy2
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Edge Detection by Z.C.
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Z.C. at Two Scales
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Wheel Edges 4 Resolutions
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LGN Layers
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The Cortex
The main topics are: area V1 in some details, response properties of cells in V1, how they are
organized in the area .General properties of higher level visual areas .
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Physiological Recording
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Orientation Selectivity
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V1: Direction selectivity
Modified from PSY280F
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End-stopped cell
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Simple Cells
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Visual Areas
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Bi-directional Computation
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Stimuli tested in V2, V4
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From: Tanaka, 1996
Columnar modules of region TE
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fMRI Magnet
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fMRI Activation Slice
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fMRI Activation