1.Universidade do MinhoCompositing, composing worldsNelson Zagalo, University of Minho, Portugal13th May 2011, University of Maribor, Slovenia

2. Nelson ZagaloContact menzagalo@ics.uminho.ptwww.facebook.com/nelsonzagaloMy Worknelsonzagalo.googlepages.comwww.engagelab.org 3. Film Compositing King Kong (1933) Superman (1978) 4. Defining compositing What is it? Compositing is the combining of visual elements from separate sources into single images, often to create the illusion that all those elements are parts of the same scene. What do we use it for? . to create special effects in visual arts; . to help us connecting real images with artificially created ones; . to correct photographic mismatches (e.g. color); . to change or substitute backgrounds; . to change or substitute foregrounds; . to create illusion of depth. 5. Compositing techniquesFilm (analogical) 1. Physical compositing 2. Multiple exposure 3. Rear projection 4. MattingDigital 1. Blend Operations 2. Keying 3. Alpha Channels 4. Mattes 5. Masks 6. Nesting 7. Color Correction3d Compositing 8. Motion tracking and match moving 6. F1. Physical - Glass, Statues, Paintings The Fiendish Plot of Dr. Fu Manchu (1980) Clash of the Titans (1981) 7. F2. Multiple exposureMultiple exposure of Alfred Hitchcock directing duringrehearsals for Shadow of a Doubt (1943). video LHomme Orchestre, George Melies, 1900 8. F3. Background projection North by Northwest, 1959 2001, Space Odyssey, 1968 Sunset Boulevard, 1950 9. F4. MattingThe Birds, 1963 video 10. Compositing techniquesFilm (analogical) 1. Physical compositing 2. Multiple exposure 3. Rear projection 4. MattingDigital 1. Blend Operations 2. Keying 3. Alpha Channels 4. Mattes 5. Masks 6. Nesting 7. Color Correction3d Compositing 8. Motion tracking and match moving 11. Digital Advantagesvideo Omaha beach scene making of, belonging to the BBC series Timewatch: Bloody Omaha. Created by Colin Thornton, Neil Wilson and Steven Flynn from Compost Creative. 3 persons + 4 days + 1 camera + pop up greenscreen + after effects 12. D1. Blend OperationsMultiply ScreenOverlay Darken LightenDifference ExclusionLuminosity 13. D1. Blend Operations 14. D2. KeyingAE: Color Key, Edge Thin, Color Tolerance, Luma Key, Matte ChokerColor Key Luma KeyEdge Thin Color ToleranceMatte Choker 15. D2. KeyingThe Chronicles of Narnia (2005) King Kong (2005) 16. D2. Keying Preserve reflexesThe Saint (1997) 17. D3. Alpha32-bit image carries a fourth Alpha channel that stores transparency (oralpha) data. The alpha channels 8-bit data is reserved to give an image orvideo clip shape and transparency when composited.Software as Photoshop creates content on transparent backgroundsretaining background transparency when imported into motion applications.This is because an alpha channel matte is automatically generated.Object on Alpha Channel Final compositiontransparency 18. D3. Alpha 19. D4. Matte Luma Mattes luma mattes External image that is used to make portions of another image transparent. Luminance mattes should not be confused with alpha mattes, which are internal mattes that are derived from alpha channels. Both alpha channel mattes and luminance mattes can be composed of solid shapes, feathered shapes, gradients, typography, entire images.solid mattesfeathered mattes 20. D4. Mattevideo 21. D5. Masks Masks are defined by splines - paths that consist of interconnected points that form a line segment or curve, around the subject, an art also knoww as Rotoscoping. Masks can be animated. 22. D5. MasksForrest Gump (1994)video 23. D6. Digital Color CorrectionColor grading is the process of altering and enhancing the color of a motion picture, televisionimage, or still image either electronically, photo-chemically or digitally. 24. D6. Color Correction High Dynamic Range imagesBeforeAfterHigh Dynamic Range images (HDRi) are a set of techniques that allow a greater dynamicrange of luminance between the lightest and darkest areas of an image than current standarddigital imaging techniques or photographic methodsMente Magica - http://mentemagica.com/wp/2009/12/31/hdr-reactor/ 25. D7. Nesting and ParentingNesting means building compositions and put them inside other compositions. nesting 26. D7. Nesting and ParentingParenting - permits the association or control of animation settings through different layers. video ParentingFrom Animated type tutorial 3: anchor points and parenting, by Gareth Smith, http://vimeo.com/22582326 27. Compositing techniquesFilm (analogical) 1. Physical compositing 2. Multiple exposure 3. Rear projection 4. MattingDigital 1. Blend Operations 2. Keying 3. Alpha Channels 4. Mattes 5. Masks 6. Nesting 7. Color Correction3d Compositing 8. Motion tracking and match moving 28. D8. Motion track and match movingMotion tracking and Match moving, are techniques that allow the insertion of computergraphics into live-action footage with correct position, scale, orientation, and motion relative tothe photographed objects in the shot.video video 2d Tracking track objects only 3d Tracking track camera position Can be done in After Effects. Its different from Parenting in the sense that parenting only synchronizes layers, albeit Tracking synchronizes content within the image. 29. D8. Motion track and match moving It is not related with motion capture, and needs special software as Boujou or NukeX to extrapolate three-dimensional information from two-dimensional photography. Tracking information is then transferred to computer graphics software such as Cinema 4d, 3ds Max or Maya and used to animate virtual cameras and CGI objects.videovideo 30. D8. Match moving video 31. Compositing break down for "The Third & The Seventh", a short-film entirely modeled in 3d, which has gonethrough intense compositing. 32. BibliographyRon Brinkman, Art & Science of Digital Compositing, Morgan Kaufmann, 2008Richard Rickitt, Special Effects: The History and Technique, Billboard Books, 2007Krasner, J., Motion Graphic Design: applied history and aesthetics, Elsevier, 2008ReferencesLeow Wee Kheng, Digital Compositing, CS5245 Vision and Graphics for Special Effects, National University ofSingapore, www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~cs5245/lecture/compositing.pdfMatte Shot - a tribute to Golden Era special fx - http://nzpetesmatteshot.blogspot.com/2010/11/leigh-took-matte-painter-portrait-of.html 33. Universidade do MinhoCompositing, composing worldsNelson Zagalonelsonzagalo.googlepages.comengagelab.org