composition of lipids
DESCRIPTION
Cholesterol. Protein. Triglyceride. Phospholipid. COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS. Lipoproteins Apolipoproteins. Chylomicron Very Low Density Lipoprotein Low Density Lipoprotein Intermediate Density Lipoprotein High Density Lipoprotein. CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM. Exogenous Endogenous - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
COMPOSITION OF LIPIDS• Lipoproteins• Apolipoproteins
• Cholesterol• Protein• Triglyceride• Phospholipid
• Chylomicron• Very Low Density Lipoprotein• Low Density Lipoprotein• Intermediate Density
Lipoprotein• High Density Lipoprotein
CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM
• Exogenous• Endogenous• Reverse Cholesterol Transport• LDL Uptake
HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Fibric Acids
• ↓ TG synthesis• ↓ lipoprotein synthesis• ↓ excretion of
lipoproteins from liver; primarily VLDL• ↓ synthesis of
cholesterol• ↑ production of sterols• ↑ HDL
Bile Acid Binding Resins
Nicotinic Acid• Bind bile salts in gut• Cholesterol eliminated
in the feces• Liver uses other sources
of cholesterol (LDL) to make more bile
Nicotinic Acid
• Inhibits liver secretion of VLDL• Reduced serum LDL• Inhibits removal of HDL• Increases excretion of
sterols in the feces
Fibric Acids
• ↓ LDL• ↓ VLDL• ↓ TG
Bile Acid Binding Resins
• ↑ HDL
• ↓ LDL
• ↓ LDL• ↓ VLDL• ↓ TG
HMG CoA ReductaseInhibitors
Nicotinic Acid
Series1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Dufaux, International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1982
TRIGLYCERIDES & TRAINING
Increase
Decrease
No Change
Numbers of Studies
Series1
0 5 10 15 20
Dufaux, International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1982
CHOLESTEROL & TRAINING
Increase
Decrease
No Change
Numbers of Studies
Series1
0 5 10 15 20
Dufaux, International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1982
LDL & TRAINING
Increase
Decrease
No Change
Numbers of Studies
Series1
0 5 10 15 20 25
Dufaux, International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1982
HDL & TRAINING
Increase
Decrease orNo Change
Numbers of Studies
Tolfrey K, et al Sports Medicine 29:99-112, 2000
Pediatric Triglyceride response to Exercise
Series1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Increase
Decrease
No Change
Series1
0 5 10 15 20
Increase
Decrease
No Change
Numbers of Studies
Pediatric Total Cholesterol response to Exercise
Tolfrey K, et al Sports Medicine 29:99-112, 2000
Series1
0 5 10 15 20
Increase
Decrease
No Change
Numbers of Studies
Pediatric LDL response to Exercise
Tolfrey K, et al Sports Medicine 29:99-112, 2000
Series1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Increase
Decrease
No Change
Numbers of Studies
Pediatric HDL response to Exercise
Tolfrey K, et al Sports Medicine 29:99-112, 2000
Hurley, B.F., MSSE 21:689-693, 1989.
RESISTANCE TRAINING
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Change in Lipid total
LDLHDL
Hurley, B.F., MSSE 21:689-693, 1989.
Combined Normal Borderline High150
170
190
210
230
250
270CHOLESTEROL & TRAINING
Whaley et al, J Cardiopulm Rehab 12:42-50, 1992
Pre Post
Tota
l Cho
lest
erol
Total Cholesterol
LDL HDL-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
ChangeRisk
Chan
ge in
Val
ues o
r Ris
k
Lipid Research Clinics, JAMA 251:356-374, 1984.
Reduction in Risk related to Reduction in Cholesterol
Framingham
Albany
Chicago Gas
Chicago Electric
Tacumseh
US Railroad
Seven Countries
LRC
-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0
Risk Reduction
Risk reduction associated with a 20.7 mg/dL reduction in Total Cholesterol
Lipid Research Clinics, JAMA 251:356-374, 1984.
Lehmann, R, et al. European J Clin Invest 31:37-44, 2001.
Total HDL HDL2 HDL30
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
PrePost
HDL a
nd su
bfra
ction
s (m
mol
/L)
HDL Subfractions and Physical Activity
Lehmann, R, et al. European J Clin Invest 31:37-44, 2001.
Hepatic Lipase LPL LCAT0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90Pe
rcen
t Inc
reas
e
HDL Subfractions and Physical Activity
Choleterol LDL HDL0
20406080
100120140160180200220
PrePost
Lipi
d Co
ncen
trati
on (m
g/dL
Kraus, WE, et al. N Eng J Med 347:1483-1492, 2002
Exercise & Lipid Subfractions
Kraus, WE, et al. N Eng J Med 347:1483-1492, 2002
Small LDL Large LDL0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
PrePost
Conc
entr
ation
of P
artic
les
(mg/
dL)
Exercise & Lipid Subfractions
Total C
VLDL LDL HDL HDL2 HDL30
50
100
150
200
250
PrePost
Conc
entr
ation
(mg/
dL)
Seip, RL. Et al. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 13:1359-1367, 1993.
HDL Subfractions and Physical Activity
HDL HDL2 HDL30
10
20
30
40
50
60
PrePost
Conc
entr
ation
(mg/
dL)
Seip, RL. Et al. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 13:1359-1367, 1993.
HDL Subfractions and Physical Activity
Pre Post0
2
4
6
8
10
12Lp
(a) (
mg/
dL)
Lp(a) and Physical Activity
Seip, RL. Et al. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 13:1359-1367, 1993.
Lopez, A, et al Atherosclerosis 20:1-9, 1974.
alpha lipoprotein260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
PrePost
How does HDL change with exercise?
Lopez, A, et al Atherosclerosis 20:1-9, 1974.
Pre Post0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6LC
AT A
ctivi
ty
How does HDL change with exercise?
Pre Post 24 hour 48 hour50
70
90
110
130
150
170
HyperNormo
Trig
lyce
rides
(mg/
dL)
Grandjean, et al J Applied Physiology 89:472-480, 2000
Pre Post 24 hour 48 hours5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19LP
L acti
vity
(μm
ol/m
l hr)
Hyper
Normo
Grandjean, et al J Applied Physiology 89:472-480, 2000
CETP and Physical Activity
Seip, RL. Et al. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 13:1359-1367, 1993.
Pre Post1.5
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.7CE
TP (u
g/dL
)