composition, source and impact of aersols in india...composition, source and impact of aersols in...
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![Page 1: COMPOSITION, SOURCE AND IMPACT OF AERSOLS IN INDIA...COMPOSITION, SOURCE AND IMPACT OF AERSOLS IN INDIA K.S. Patel & N. K. Jaiswal School of Studies in Chemistry ... in ambient air](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042207/5eaa4ab3ea8dfc2cd67a1f5a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
COMPOSITION, SOURCE AND IMPACT OF AERSOLS
IN INDIA
K.S. Patel & N. K. JaiswalSchool of Studies in Chemistry
Pt. Ravishankar Shukla UniversityRaipur CG, India
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Objectives Mass distribution of aerosol i.e. PM10and PM2.5 in ambient air of Raipur,Central India Chemical characterization of PM10and PM2.5
Sources and environmental impacts of aerosol
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Map of India and Location of various industrial cities around Raipur
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SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF AEROSOLS
Sampler (Partisol Speciation 2300)
Raipur (Residential site), 10-meter above ground
⇓
47-mm Quartz filter 47-mm Teflon filter 47-mm Nylon filter
PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5 PM10
12 hrs ( 6 am – 6 pm) 24 hrs ( 6 am – 6 am) 24 hrs ( 6 am – 6 am)
PM2.5 & PM10 mass
(120)
PM2.5 & PM10 mass
(120)
PM2.5 & PM10 mass
(120)
Analysis
Carbon analyzer PIXE IC
Carbons ,(EC, OC, CC) Trace elements ,(23) Water soluble ions ,(8)
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Distribution and variations of fineand coarse aerosol particles duringJune 2005- May 2006
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400µ
g m
-3
PM 10
PM2.5
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Precision for collection of PM, µg m-3
Para-meter
Quartz filter (n = 42)
Teflon filter (n = 44)
Nylon filter(n = 44)
PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5 PM10 PM2.5 PM10
Min 22 62 27 37 9 28
Max 311 759 293 501 207 464
Mean 95 219 95 209 93 196STD, ± 64 136 62 128 53 116
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Seasonal mass distribution ofPM10 carbons, June,05 – May,06
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40µ
g m
-3
CC10
OC10
EC10
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Seasonal mass distribution of PM2.5 carbons, June,05 – May,06
0
5
10
15
20
25
30µ
g m
-3
CC2.5
OC2.5
EC2.5
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Annual mass distribution of coarse carbons, µg m-3
Parameter
N = 42
PM10 CC10 VOC10 NVOC10 OC10 EC10 TC10
Min 62 0 0.7 1.7 2.4 1.8 8.0
Max 759 29.8 35.7 20.3 56 74.9 161
Mean 219 9.7 7.9 7.6 15.6 18.7 41.2
STD, 136 6.9 6.1 4.0 9.6 14.8 28.5
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Annual mass distribution of fine carbons, µg m-3
Parameter PM2.5 CC2.5 VOC2.5 NVOC2.5 OC2.5 EC2.5 TC2.5
Min22 0 0 0.8 0.8 1.3 6.2
Max311 9.1 34.4 24.1 52.1 64.7 124
Mean95 3.8 6.1 6.6 12.7 14.5 29.9
STD,63.8 2.8 6.1 4.5 10.1 12.8 23.2
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Correlation of EC2.5 with PM2.5
R² = 0.482
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 20 40 60 80
PM
, µ
g m
-3
EC, µg m-3
PM2.5
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Correlation of EC10 with PM10
R² = 0.460
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 20 40 60 80
PM
, µ
g m
-3
EC, µg m-3
PM10
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EC or BC, %PM2.5 14Coal 14Diesel 35Gasoline 3LPG 2Wood 12
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Correlation of OC10 with PM10
R² = 0.384
R² = 0.379
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 200 400 600 800
OC
, µ
g m
-3
PM10, ug m-3
VOC10
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Correlation of OC2.5 with PM2.5
R² = 0.474
R² = 0.390
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
OC
, µ
g m
-3
PM, µg m-3
VOC2.5
NVOC2.5
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Comparison of BC (EC) distribution
City PM(10 or 2.5)µg/m3
TC massµg/m3
EC mass µg/m3
Hyderabad PM2.510
Mumbai PM1025.3 12.6
Dhaka PM1010.525.1
Hong Kong, China PM10 8.9 4.7
Guangzhou, China PM10 29.4 10.4
Beijing, China PM2.5 51.9±19.4 15.2±11.1
Seoul, Korea PM2.5 15.2±9.9 7.3±5.9
Raipur PM10 63.7 (winter)41.2 (annual)
28.6(winter)18.7(annual)
PM2.5 42.3(winter)30.0(annual)
20.7(winter)14.5(annual)
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City PM10 PM2.5 PM2.5/PM10Delhi 422 (Nov.,02) - -
Kanpur 281(Oct.02 –Feb.03)
146 0.56
Chanai 169 (Dry) & 145 (Wet)
46 & 42 0.30 & .32
Beijing 262 (Dry) & 180(Wet)
168 & 104 0.60 & .58
Hanoi 146(Dry) & 79(Wet)
124 & 33 0.74 & .68
Manila 54 (Dry) & 55(Wet)
44 & 43 0.61 & .68
Bandung 83 (Dry) & 62 (Wet)
53 & 38 0.63 & .61
Dhaka 125 (2002-03) 47.9 0.38
Raipur 219 (annual mean)445 (Dec.)
95197
0.430.44
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Seasonal distribution of PM10 elements (23)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Na
Mg Al
Si P S Cl K C
a Ti V Cr
Mn Fe Ni
Cu
Zn
As
Se Br
Sr
Zr
Pb
ng
m-3
Annual
Winter
Summer
Rainy
Autumn
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Seasonal distribution of PM2.5elements
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Ti Mn Fe Cu Zn Pb
ng
m-3
Annual
Winter
Summer
Rainy
Autumn
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Seasonal distribution of PM10metal oxide and sulfate
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Na
Mg
Al2
O3
SiO
2 PS
O4
2-
Cl K
Ca
O Ti V Cr
Mn
Fe
2O
3 Ni
Cu
Zn
As
Se Br
Sr
Zr
Pb
ng
m-3 Annual
Winter
Summer
Rainy
Autumn
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Seasonal distributional of PM2.5metal oxide and sulfate
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Na
Mg
Al2
O3
SiO
2 PS
O4
2-
Cl K
Ca
O Ti V Cr
Mn
Fe
2O
3 Ni
Cu
Zn
As
Se Br
Sr
Zr
Pb
ng
m-3
Annual
Winter
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Annual mass distribution of water soluble ions, µg m-3
Ions PM2.5 (n = 44) PM10 (n = 44)
Range Mean Range Mean
SO42- 1.65 - 18.06 6.28 1.33- 21.07 6.13
NO3- 0.55 – 9.67 2.58 0.76 –15.35 4.19
Cl- 0.86 – 9.79 3.22 1.14 – 10.22 3.69
NH4+ 0.04 – 7.23 1.56 0.07 – 4.13 0.88
Na+ 0.92 – 3.38 1.56 0.87 – 5.95 1.85
K+ 0.39 – 4.7 1.22 0.51 – 4.39 1.49
Mg2+ 0.09 – 0.79 0.23 0.16 – 1.10 0.49
Ca2+ 0.50 – 9.63 1.40 1.08 – 17.82 4.92
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Possible emission sources
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Siltara Industrial area of Raipur
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Soot Impact on crop
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School girls showing the Black carbon with deposition on ground
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CONCLUSION
PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations areseveral folds higher than permissible levels of50 and 15 µg m-3. The mass distribution ofaerosol in this region is higher than otherparts of country and the globe. The industrialeffluents coming from north-east directiongreatly increased the mass concentration ofPM and carbonaceous species. The coalburning is expected to be main source for theemission of carbonaceous species in thisregion.
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Acknowledgement
we are thankful to the Department ofScience and Technology, New Delhifor financial support through pojectgrant.