comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty: science

Universitat Politècnica de CatalunyaLaboratori d’Aplicacions Bioacústiques

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Science & Technology 2011, Vienna, AustriaReal-time monitoring of noise and acoustic events: listening, identifying and understanding

Real-time monitoring of noise and acoustic events: listening to the deep, identifying and understanding

Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB)Technical University of Catalonia (UPC, BARCELONA Tech)http://www.lab.upc.es

Michel André



LIDO live data flow

Country/Location Platform Data stream

FRANCE ANTARES 36 x 250 kHz

NEPTUNE CANADA Folger Passage 1 x 96 kHz

NEPTUNE CANADA Barkley Canyon 1 x 96 kHz

NEPTUNE CANADA Barkley Slope 1 x 96 kHz

SPAIN (MED SEA) OBSEA 1 x 96 kHz

JAPAN (JAMSTEC) Hatsushima 1 x 100 Hz

JAPAN (JAMSTEC) Kushiro 3 x 100 Hz

ITALY (ESONET) NEMO TSS/TSN 2x 4 x 96 kHz

SPAIN (ATLANTIC) BIMEP 1 x 96 kHz

CTBTO ? 11 HA 11 x 200 Hz

Sources of Noise

ruido antropogénicosonar industrial, militar

exploración sísmicatransporte marítimo

mareasactividad sísmica burbujas

interacciónolas

olas que se rompen

olas, viento

tormentas lluvia, nieveturbulencias

ruido de animales marinoscetáceos, crustáceos, etc.

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

130

Fréquence [kHz]0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Inte

nsité

dB

re 1

μPa2 /H

z a

1m

intensidad

frecuencia


- Shipping - Exploration and production of offshore fossil energy, - Navy and industrial sonar - Experimental acoustics - Underwater explosions -Engineering activities- Supersonic airplanes - Offshore windmills

… in search of a balance

Live monitoring of underwater noise and acoustic signals

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Science & Technology 2011, Vienna, Austria

nuclear testing




Choice of “right” indicators

INDICATORS FOR GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS FOR UNDERWATER NOISE AND OTHER FORMS OF ENERGY

European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea)

Controling the effects of noise




TG11 EnergyATTRIBUTE Criteria to assess the descriptor Indicators to be measured

Underwater noise - Low and mid-frequency impulsive sound

High amplitude impulsive anthropogenic sound within a frequency band between 10Hz and 10 kHz, assessed using either sound energy over time (Sound Exposure Level SEL) or peak sound level of the sound source. Sound thresholds set following review of received levels likely to cause effects on dolphins; these levels unlikely to be appropriate for all marine biota. The indicator addresses time and spatial extent of these sounds.

The proportion of days within a calendar year, over areas of 15’N x 15’E/W in which anthropogenic sound sources exceed either of two levels, 183 dB re 1µPa2.s (i.e. measured as Sound Exposure Level, SEL) or 224 dB re 1µPapeak (i.e. measured as peak sound pressure level) when extrapolated to one metre, measured over the frequency band 10 Hz to 10 kHz

Underwater noise – High frequency impulsive sounds

Sounds from sonar sources below 200 KHz that potentially have adverse effects, mostly on marine mammals, appears to be increasing. This indicator would enable trends to be followed.

The total number of vessels that are equipped with sonar systems generating sonar pulses below 200 kHz should decrease by at least x% per year starting in [2012].

Underwater noise – low frequency continuous sound

Background noise without distinguishable sources can lead to masking of biological relevant signals, alter communication signals of marine mammals, and through chronic exposure, may permanently impair important biological functions. Anthropogenic input to this background noise has been increasing. This indicator requires a set of sound observatories and would enable trends in anthropogenic background noise to be followed.

The ambient noise level measured by a statistical representative sets of observation stations in Regional Seas where noise within the 1/3 octave bands 63 and 125 Hz (centre frequency) should not exceed the baseline values of year [2012] or 100 dB (re 1µParms; average noise level in these octave bands over a year).


Underwater noise – low frequency sounds

The ambient noise level measured by a statistical representative sets of observation stations in Regional Seas where noise within the 1/3 octave bands 63 and 125 Hz (centre frequency) should not exceed the baseline values of year [2012] or 100 dB (re 1µPa rms; average noise level in these octave bands over a year).


Sources of Noise & Acoustic Signals

Unwanted against Intentional

Shipping noise

Explosions

Offshore Construction

Sonar

Seismic Surveys

Scientific Experiments

… in search of a balance

Live monitoring of underwater noise and acoustic signals

Nuclear Testing

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Science & Technology 2011, Vienna, Austria

Biological Sources




Effects of Noise

Mitigation actions & Long-term monitoring

Is it possible to combine both objectives in a same approach/system?

Real-time and Statistical Analysis





Standardization of methods to measure noise

Classification methods to detect and identify acoustic sources

NEED FOR A ROBUST AUTOMATED MONITORING SYSTEM ABLE TO SATISFY THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY AND ALLOW

THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDUSTRY




Marine soundscape

* Cetacean whistles and calls* Cetacean clicks, bursts, creaks, buzzes ...* Tonal, impulsive and broadband ship noise* Explosions* Sonar, echosounder, * Waves, rain, bubbles, etc.* etc.

Challenging for automated classification methods





audio data stream Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 Segment 6Segment 5

......

LocalisationTracking

Classifier 1Classifier 2...

Stage 2

Measure noise

Discard segment with no acoustic event

Assign acoustic events to broad categories

Stage 1

FM-tonal soundsImpulses...

Sperm whalesBeaked whalesPilot whalesDolphinsExplosionsShipsSonar

Bearing, PositionTrajectory, …

Stage 3

Real-Time Mitigation

Long term assessment and Control of the effects of noise sources on marine organisms

Public outreach




Controling the effects on Cetaceans

SETUP

Pre-Processing Server•Segments & tags data•Encodes 1 channel into mp3•No data storage – we rely on the MADS

Analysis Server•Source identification•Localisation and tracking of sources

Transmission analysis results and mp3 channel

X-channel multi-cast data stream

Transmission of analysis results and mp3 data to Web ServerADS

RT Acoustic Software Development Acoustic Data Management

MADS




Impulse detector 1-5 kHz

Short tonal sounds detector

Impulse detector>20 kHz

Constant tonal

sounds detector

Broadband shipping

noise detector

Impulse classifier

Buzz classifier

Short tonal sounds classifier

Pinger/sonarDolphin whistlesKiller whale calls

Continuous shipping noise

Impulse detector < 100 Hz, 0,1-1 kHz

Impulse detector 5-20 kHz

Segment

Short tonal sounds localiser

Loca

lisat

ion

Det

ectio

nC

lass

ifica

tion

Impulse localiser

Sperm whale clicksUltrasonic cetacean clicksImpulsive ship noiseBuzzesKiller whale clicksExplosions

Baleen whales Noise measurement In the full bandwidth

+ in all the above bandwidths+ 1/3 Octave band 63Hz

+ 1/3 Octave band 125Hz




Loca

lisat

ion

Det

ectio

nC

lass

ifica

tion




Detection of short tonal sounds in the band 0.2-16 kHz. Acoustic data from Neptune, 3-24 March 2010, 10 min recorded every 3.5 hour.

DETECTION & CLASSIFICATION

Fin whales, 29th April 2010, 02am, off Kushiro, JAPAN, JAMSTEC observatory(Feed Forward Neural Network)

Zaugg, S., van der Schaar, M., Houégnigan, L., Gervaise, C., André, M. Real-time acoustic classification of sperm whale clicks and shipping impulses from deep-sea observatories. Applied Acoustics, issue doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2010.05.005, 2010


2nd International Aquatic Noise Conference 2010, Cork City Ireland.Real-time monitoring of noise and acoustic events in cetacean acoustic niches

LOCALIZATION

Sperm whale tracking, 09th August 2005, 09pm, East-Sicily, NEMO observatory(Hybrid spatial spectral estimation: space-time methods and TDOA-based methods)

Figure 3.9 : Sperm whale tracking, 09th August 2005, 09pmHouégnigan, S. Zaugg, M. van der Schaar, M. André. Space–time and hybrid algorithms for the passive acoustic 3D localisation of sperm whales and vessels. Appl ied Acoustics (2010), doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2010.05.017





INTERACTION WITH NOISE

Sperm Whales at ANTARES (Ligurian Sea), July 2010

André, M., van der Schaar, M., Zaugg, S., Houégnigan, L., Sánchez, A., Mas, A. Listening to the Deep: real-time monitoring of noise pollution and cetacean acoustic signals. Marine Pollution Bulletin (accepted).





GLOBAL NOISE

MEASUREMENTS

(10 segment average)





GLOBAL CETACEAN

DISTRIBUTION

(50 segment average)




http://listentothedeep.com

http://listentothedeep.com/




Underwater vehicles, e.g. gliders

Radio-linked , expandable or moored stand-alone buoys

Deep-sea or shallow water cabled observatories

Underwater neutrino telescopes

Past and Existing recordings

Towed arrays




The system is designed to be modular and dynamic (allows the choice of detectors/classifiers) depending on the objectives and geographical areas

The system successfully allows: - the real-time detection and classification of acoustic events- the real-time and long-term monitoring of noise- immediate mitigation actions- the online display of the audio stream and the statistical analysis

The modular system can be implemented on: - cabled observatories, - autonomous radio-linked buoys, moored antennas- autonomous vehicles (e.g. gliders), - towed arrays- existing data sets,- etc.C

ON

CLU

SIO

NS

& P

ER

SPE

CT

IVE

S




The system can be applied (industry):-during offshore operations, seismic surveys (expandable buoys), windmills/wave energy (autonomous buoys during construction, cabled observatory during operation), shipping lines, coastal operations (e.g. harbour construction), etc.

The system can be applied (science):- in existing and future acoustic observatories-during CEE and tagging to understand the acoustic ecology of the individual,- existing recordings

The system will be implemented (Fall) with:- an alert procedure that will allow to automatically target acoustic events of interest and receive it live (e.g. mitigation or research)- automatic display of AIS data and correlation with noise measurements to determine the acoustic signature of ships cruising over the observatoriesC

ON

CLU

SIO

NS

& P

ER

SPE

CT

IVE

S




The data from the existing observatories are availlable to the scientific community

The system can be operated by a non-expert

The analysis is performed automatically and doesn’t require post-processing

The system is immediately available to be applied to CTBTO Hydroacoustics Observatories

CO

NC

LUS

ION

S &

PE

RS

PEC

TIV

ES

Thank you….

comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty: science

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