Compression IgnitionMarine Emissions

Where are we now?

What’s likely to be in the next Marine

Rule?

Current EPA Marine Exhaust Emissions Timing

Category

Cylinder

Displacement

(Liter)

Commercial

Date

Recreational

Date

1

D < 0.9 (P > 37 kW) 2005 2007

0.9 < D < 1.2 2004 2006

1.2 < D < 2.5 2004 2006

2.5 < D < 5.0 2007 2009

2

5.0 < D < 15.0 2007 N/A

15.0 < D < 20.0 2007 N/A

20.0 < D < 25.0 2007 N/A

25.0 < D < 30.0 2007 N/A

3 D < 30 no limits at this time

Acronyms

• SCR – Selective Catalytic Reduction

• DOC – Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

• DPF – Diesel Particulate Filter

• EGR – Exhaust Gas Recirculation

• PCI – Pre-combustion Injection

• VGT – Variable Geometry Turbo

EPA’s Schedule

• Fast track process

• Develop framework by the end of April ’06

• Draft text by June ‘06

• Internal government review with OMB, SBREFA, DOJ, USCG, etc in August ’06

• NPRM “signed” by the end of the year and published in early 2007

• Starting as soon as 2010, if possible– NMMA / EMA is suggesting 2012

EPA’s “Wants”

• NMMA / EMA concurrence to Fast Track the Rule

• 50% or more reduction in PM inventory from Marine– Some applications / engines must achieve more than 50% to get an overall inventory reduction of 50%.

• Soot traps and SCR aftertreatment for Category 2 engines and possibly the largest Category 1 engines

• Modest NOx reductions

• Include Tier 3 and Tier 4 regulation

• Include all vessels – commercial & recreational

• Combined Marine & Locomotive Rule

NMMA / EMA / EPA Consensus

• Recreational will have less stringent limits that do not require aftertreatment

• Large vessels, tugs and vessels with available space will use after treatment

• Harmonization with Europe is important

• Category 3 engines & IMO MARPOL will be considered in a separate

rulemaking

EMA Proposals5000+

Large Commercial

(Port, River, Ocean Tugs)

(Freighters, Low Speed Ferries)

2005 Engines Sold = 170

High Speed Specialty

(Military, Catamarans / HS Ferries)

(Megayachts, Others)

2005 Engine Sold = 72

Total HP

Recreational, Low Speed Commercial

(Small Craft, Harbor Patrol, Small Fishing)

2005 Engine Sold = 643

Recreational, High Speed Commercial

(Yachts, Pleasure Craft)

(Small Fishing, Fast Ferries)

(Crew and Supply Boats)

2005 Engine Sold = 8500

015 30

Category 1/2 Vessel Speed (knots)

Strategy

• Use aftertreatment on large engines & applications that have the space to accommodate it

– Large in relationship to engines are open for discussion– One idea is 1,200-1,400 hp would be large– Urea based SCR and regenerative DPF

• Use DOC on commercial applications– Possible exception for high power density “recreation like” commercial engines

• Early PM reductions for Recreational & Small Commercial applications.

Catalytic Converter

Catalyzed Continuously Regenerating Technology

Selective Catalytic Reduction Technology

CRT Diagnostic Module

SCR System for M/V SOLANO

Mixing Vanes

Urea Injection

Lance

Exhaust Flow

Mixing DuctsCatalyst in Reactor HousingCatalyst Cell Arrangement3 Rows of 9 Bricks stacked

Fore to Aft

3 Feet SquareUrea Dosing Unit

Weight Impact to SOLANO

SCR EQUIPMENT WEIGHTS  

       

  Each Shipset  

CATALYST BEDS 1210 2420 lbs.

REACTOR HOUSING 1860 3720 lbs.

MIXING DUCT 340 680 lbs.

UREA DOSING PANEL 95 190 lbs.

AIR COMPRESSOR 75 150 lbs.

CONTROL PLC   80 lbs.

LANCES, PLUMBING, SENSORS 70 140 lbs.

LAGGING & INSULATION 180 360 lbs.

UREA TANKS (AL) 48 96 lbs.

FOUNDATIONS (AL) 185 370 lbs.

    8206 lbs.

Emission Level Comparison

Engine size Category Effective

Date

NOx+HC PM CO

liters/cylinder, rated power g//kW-hr g/kW-hr g/kW-hr

Disp. <0.9 and power > 37 kW Category 1 2005 7.5 0.40 5.0

0.9 £disp. <1.2 all power levels Category 1 2004 7.2 0.30 5.0

1.2 £disp. <2.5 all power levels Category 1 2004 7.2 0.20 5.0

2.5 £disp. <5.0 all power levels Category 1 2007 7.2 0.20 5.0

5.0 £disp. <15.0 all power levels Category 2 2007 7.8 0.27 5.0

15.0 £disp. <20.0 power < 3300 kW (4425 hp) Category 2 2007 8.7 0.50 5.0

15.0 £disp. <20.0 power ³ 3300 kW (4425 hp) Category 2 2007 9.8 0.50 5.0

20.0 £disp. <25.0 all power levels Category 2 2007 9.8 0.50 5.0

25.0 £disp. <30.0 all power levels Category 2 2007 11 0.50 5.0

Off Road - Tier 3     NOx+HC PM CO

      g//kW-hr g/kW-hr g/kW-hr

37 to 75 kW   2008 4.7 0.40 5.0

75 to 130 kW   2007 4.0 0.30 5.0

130 to 225 kW   2006 4.0 0.20 3.5

225 to 450 kW   2006 4.0 0.20 3.5

450 to 560 kW   2006 4.0 0.20 3.5

over 560 kW   2011 3.7 0.10 3.5 

Other Issues

• Availability of Ultra-Low Sulfur Fuel in the marine market isn’t

mandated until 2013 or later in Alaska

• Power Density – PCI and EGR don’t work in high power density

engines

• Auxiliary Engines?

• DPF – use of Vanadium substrate may be an environmental

problem

EPA Contact

• Byron Bunker – Marine Project Leader– USEPA National Vehicle and

Fuel Emissions Laboratory/OAR 2565 Plymouth Road Mail Code: AAHDOC Ann Arbor, MI 48105

– Office Phone: (734) 214-4155 – e-mail: bunker.byron@epa.gov 

• Diesel Boats and Ships– http://www.epa.gov/otaq/marine.htm