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Computational Engineering Dr Ryno Laubscher PG studies: Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering Department Research area:

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Page 1: Computational Engineering Presentation · Computational Engineering Dr Ryno Laubscher ... •Computational fluid dynamics –Prof Harms, Prof Meyer ... Hoffmann, Dr Laubscher, Prof

Computational Engineering

Dr Ryno Laubscher

PG studies: Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering Department

Research area:

Page 2: Computational Engineering Presentation · Computational Engineering Dr Ryno Laubscher ... •Computational fluid dynamics –Prof Harms, Prof Meyer ... Hoffmann, Dr Laubscher, Prof

What is computational engineering?• Relatively new research discipline compared to more focussed research areas such as turbomachinery, control systems and biomechanical research

• Focuses on the development and application of computational models and simulations for scientific, social and financial computing

• Scientific – CFD, FEM, DEM etc.• Social – criminal behaviour prediction, sentiment analysis, etc.• Financial – volatility predictions and modelling

Page 3: Computational Engineering Presentation · Computational Engineering Dr Ryno Laubscher ... •Computational fluid dynamics –Prof Harms, Prof Meyer ... Hoffmann, Dr Laubscher, Prof

Relevant fields:• Computational fluid dynamics:Simulation and numerical analysis of complex fluid flow problems using next generation numerical techniques such as:1. Reduced order modelling (reducing DOFs) for in‐situ sim and 

optimisation2. AI based turbulence and chemistry prediction algorithms3. Investigation and simulation of large scale (industrial) fluid 

flow/heat transfer/reacting problems4. Modelling using high fidelity

models (LES, etc.)

Page 4: Computational Engineering Presentation · Computational Engineering Dr Ryno Laubscher ... •Computational fluid dynamics –Prof Harms, Prof Meyer ... Hoffmann, Dr Laubscher, Prof

Relevant fields:• Finite element analysis – computational structural mechanics:Numerical analysis of structural components/materials and systems:1. Linear and non‐linear response finite element analysis2. Study parametric design considerations of mechanical components 

through simulation (bicycle frames, aircraft components, laminate configurations, etc.)

3. Study heat transfer in porous/solid components and material property effects

4. Investigating mechanical responses of new materials through computation

Page 5: Computational Engineering Presentation · Computational Engineering Dr Ryno Laubscher ... •Computational fluid dynamics –Prof Harms, Prof Meyer ... Hoffmann, Dr Laubscher, Prof

Relevant fields:• Discrete element analysis:Computing the motion and interacting between large number of discrete particles:

1. Agricultural/ post‐harvest technologies2. Materials handling

Page 6: Computational Engineering Presentation · Computational Engineering Dr Ryno Laubscher ... •Computational fluid dynamics –Prof Harms, Prof Meyer ... Hoffmann, Dr Laubscher, Prof

Relevant fields:• Big data analytics and AI (machine learning )applied to engineering:AI techniques are now being used by practising engineers to solve a whole range of hitherto intractable problems:1. Real‐time intelligent automation and condition monitoring (2.)2. Architectures, algorithms and techniques for distributed AI systems3. Deep learning and real world applications – failure prediction, etc.4. Computer perception/interpretation – cross between CV and ML5. Big data analytics – understanding complex systems, IoT and CPS.6. AI applied to simulation: CFD, etc. => ROM

Page 7: Computational Engineering Presentation · Computational Engineering Dr Ryno Laubscher ... •Computational fluid dynamics –Prof Harms, Prof Meyer ... Hoffmann, Dr Laubscher, Prof

Relevant fields:• Optimisation (structural, fluid and systems‐wide) and simulationNumerical design optimisation (structural, general purpose and multidisciplinary) using general and metaheuristic algorithms. Development and investigations into new algorithms and parallel computing. System (social, financial and scientific) simulation using statistical methods:1. Monte‐Carlo simulation studies (eg. percolation statistics)2. Combination with deep learning predictive modelling3. GPU acceleration of optimisation algorithms (concurrency)4. Parametric design optimisation

Page 8: Computational Engineering Presentation · Computational Engineering Dr Ryno Laubscher ... •Computational fluid dynamics –Prof Harms, Prof Meyer ... Hoffmann, Dr Laubscher, Prof

Relevant fields:• Financial and social modelling (engineering):Similar to statistical modelling of scientific problems but now focussed on financial models of businesses/plants/etc. along with AI predictive/classification modelling:1. Use of statistical techniques and machine learning2. Deep grounding in partial differential equation theory (Black‐

Scholes equation)3. Use of optimisation techniques (portfolio optimisation)4. Criminal behaviour prediction (baggage screening, etc.)

Page 9: Computational Engineering Presentation · Computational Engineering Dr Ryno Laubscher ... •Computational fluid dynamics –Prof Harms, Prof Meyer ... Hoffmann, Dr Laubscher, Prof

Relevant lecturers:

• Computational fluid dynamics – Prof Harms, Prof Meyer, Dr Hoffmann, Dr Laubscher, Prof vd Spuy, Prof Von Backstrom

• Finite element analysis – Dr Venter, Prof Venter, Prof Groenwald• Machine learning and Big Data analysis – Dr Laubscher, Prof Venter and Dr Venter

• Optimisation and simulation – Prof Groenwald, Prof Venter, Dr Venter and Dr Laubscher

• Financial and social modelling – Prof Harms, Prof Groenwald, Dr Laubscher

• Discrete element analysis: Prof Coetzee and Dr Els

Page 10: Computational Engineering Presentation · Computational Engineering Dr Ryno Laubscher ... •Computational fluid dynamics –Prof Harms, Prof Meyer ... Hoffmann, Dr Laubscher, Prof

Example: Merging of CFD and AI• Problem statementAdvanced turbulence‐chemistry interaction CFD modelling requires the solution of a massive set of differential equations which is usually very stiff and can have long simulation times. Not viable for industrial simulations

Page 11: Computational Engineering Presentation · Computational Engineering Dr Ryno Laubscher ... •Computational fluid dynamics –Prof Harms, Prof Meyer ... Hoffmann, Dr Laubscher, Prof

Example: Merging of CFD and AI• SolutionRather than using massive computer resources to solve the fine reactors for every cell in the computational domain, use a AI algorithm that predicts the reactor performance based on memory built from a supervised learning algorithm. Thus model will almost instantaneously predict reactor yield. 

Turbulence fieldFine structure reactors Deep learning neural network

Reaction rate prediction

Page 12: Computational Engineering Presentation · Computational Engineering Dr Ryno Laubscher ... •Computational fluid dynamics –Prof Harms, Prof Meyer ... Hoffmann, Dr Laubscher, Prof

Example: Merging of CFD and AI• Self learningUse statistics to develop distributions of species. Use distributions to create random species compositions and use as training data set.

1D reactor equations Deep learning neural network

Reaction rate prediction

Use 1D reactor code to developtraining data

Page 13: Computational Engineering Presentation · Computational Engineering Dr Ryno Laubscher ... •Computational fluid dynamics –Prof Harms, Prof Meyer ... Hoffmann, Dr Laubscher, Prof

Example: Merging of CFD and AI• ResultsMassive reduction in computational cost with small error:

Page 14: Computational Engineering Presentation · Computational Engineering Dr Ryno Laubscher ... •Computational fluid dynamics –Prof Harms, Prof Meyer ... Hoffmann, Dr Laubscher, Prof

END• Thanks for listening and if there are any questions please feel free to come and see me and the other lecturers