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Thinking abstractly, thinking ahead, thinking procedurally, thinking logically & think

Computational thinking

How to use this resource

Presenting these exercises as a PowerPoint presentation allows you to use the resvariety of ways:

Projecting the exercise from the front of the class as a starterplenary activity! Printing out "# slides per page to use as revision cards or a paired activity!

$arousel activity with di%erent groups looking at di%erent scenarios, moving badding more ideas!

how the students the scenario! 'sing the computational thinking placemat as areference!tudents complete the activity on the card!

The second slide in each scenario shows a typical answer! This is not exhaustive

may be able to elaborate further, beyond the points raised! The teacher can also(uestions, with reference to the placemat to aid revision, e!g! )what are the adva

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Thinking abstractly

Computational thinking

unar outpost

cientists at -.. are considering using the moon as a base for manned explorasystem! There are many advantages to launching spacecraft from the moon rath0n order to decide a suitable place for the lunar outpost, scientists think abstractlvisualisation!

/xplore http:www!google!co!ukmoon

'sing suitable screen shots of ).pollo+, )/levation+, and )$harts+ illustrate how sthink abstractly to determine a suitable location for a lunar outpost!

ThinkingThinking .head

ThinkingThinking ogically

0100101001100101011000010110111001101110011001010111010001110100011001010010000001010

http://www.google.co.uk/moon/http://www.google.co.uk/moon/http://www.google.co.uk/moon/http://www.google.co.uk/moon/

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Thinking abstractly

Computational thinking

unar outpost

Possible answers to the challenge:

0con of astronaut shows previous moon landing sites! -umber label shows previous moon landing sites! /levation shows height of terrain using colour! abels with codes show the type of terrain, e!g! $i 1 intrusive rock! 2eatures and areas of the lunar surface are named!

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Thinking logically

Computational thinking

.ir 2rance 3ight 445

6n 7st8une 9;, .ir 2rance 3ight 445 left speed sensors? had fro@en over as a rescaused the autopilot to switch o% and incorrect readings to be sent to the cockpitexpected behaviour, and pilots are trained to recognise this! Aelieving that the paltitude, the pilot pulled back on the stick to raise the nose, in an attempt to gaininstruments continued to show the plane falling! 0f an aircraftBs nose is pointed uloses speed, causing the engines to stall! The correct action is to point the nose speed, before levelling o%!

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01001010011001010110000101101110011011100110010101110100011101000110010100100000010101100111001000000111000001110010011011110110110101101111011101000110010101100100001000101101011100000111010101110100011000010111010001101001011011110110111001100001011011001000011010010110111001101011011010010110111001100111001000000110011001101111011100100010011011110110001001101100011001010110110100100000011100110110111101101100011101100111

Thinking logically

Computational thinking

.ir 2rance 3ight 445

Divert plane tonew heading to

avoid storm

$ontinue currentcourse

osing

altitude*

Point nose up

0s the

planestalling*

Point nose down

0s there athunderstorm ahead*

Ees

Ees

-o

-o

2lowchaextendelevellinpointingupdowcrashF

Ees -o

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01001010011001010110000101101110011011100110010101110100011101000110010100100000010101100111001000000111000001110010011011110110110101101111011101000110010101100100001000101101011100000111010101110100011000010111010001101001011011110110111001100001011011001000011010010110111001101011011010010110111001100111001000000110011001101111011100100010011011110110001001101100011001010110110100100000011100110110111101101100011101100111

Thinking procedurally and concurrently

Computational thinking

$up of co%ee

$onsider how a typical instant cup of co%ee with milk and sugar is made!

Think procedurally to break this process down into a number of smaller sub=probThink concurrently to identify which processes can be done simultaneously!

6utline the reasons why some of the processes can and should be done concurrethat canBt!

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Thinking procedurally and concurrently

Computational thinking

$up of co%ee

ThinkingThinking .head

ThinkingThinking ogically

$up of

co%ee

Preparewater

.ddwater to

kettle

Aoilwater

.ddwater to

cup

Preparecup

.ddco%ee to

cup.dd

sugar tocup

.dd milkto cup

tudents could also supply 3ow diagram showing choicsuch as ).dd Gilk*+ or ).dd

Try to tease out the idea ofconcurrently!

0n this example it is clear thco%ee with sugar and milk while waiting for the water

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Thinking abstractly, thinking ahead and thinking logically

Computational thinking

Taxi driver

. taxi driver uses his experience, a P navigation system and radio tuned to trato work out how to get passengers from . to A!

0n what ways is the taxi driver able to:

Think abstractly Think ahead

Think logically

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0100101001100101011000010110111001101110011001010111010001110100011001010010000001010i l hi ki

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Thinking abstractly, thinking ahead and thinking logically

Computational thinking

Taxi driver

Possible answers to the challenge:

Thinking abstractly: using road names, road labels, traIc indicators, speed indestimated arrival time on his P system to Jlter appropriate information! .wspots from accident data!

Thinking ahead: making sure there is enough fuel, planning a route to avoid cl Thinking logically: making decisions when arriving at a junctioncrossroads to t

turning, making decisions based on traIc ahead!

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0100101001100101011000010110111001101110011001010111010001110100011001010010000001010C t ti l thi ki

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Thinking ahead

Computational thinking

-ew Hori@ons

0n 8uly 97K, -ew Hori@ons, a space probe completed a 3y=by of the dwarf planetfor the mission to be a success, the team at -.. had to think ahead considerabfor the mission before it launched in 9#!

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Thinking ahead

Computational thinking

-ew Hori@ons

Possible answers to the challenge:

$alculating how long it would take to reach Pluto $alculating where Pluto would be in itBs orbit for successful arrival! $alculating the necessary speed, and gravitational assists re(uired to reach th

the correct time! Planning for trajectory corrections, and having suIcient fuel!

Planning what scientiJc instruments would be neededcould be carriedcould btimescales!

Planning how to communicate with a probe with a 4 L hour time delay, when ieither scientiJc observation or communication at one time due to orientation!

Planning for potential unknowns, e!g! trajectory to collide with unknown moon Chether this is a 3yby or orbit mission! 2lyby reduces the time available for sc

be gathered, but re(uires less fuel and therefore, less weight! Possible further missions to Muiper Aelt objects!

0100101001100101011000010110111001101110011001010111010001110100011001010010000001010C t ti l thi ki

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Thinking ahead, procedurally and concurrently

Computational thinking

Auilding a house

$onstructing a house is a complicated process! ots of components have to be ccertain tasks canBt be tackled unless others have been started or Jnished!

Eet thousands of new homes are constructed every year!

$onsider the process of building a new house and break down the process into a smaller problems and sub=problems!

Chen working out how to break down the problem it will help to think carefully aevents which will take place during a houses construction!

.lso consider which things could be done concurrently >e!g! at the same time? in the process of constructing the house as (uick as possible!

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Thinking ahead, procedurally and concurrently

Computational thinking

Auilding a house

ThinkingThinking .head

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Auild a house

$reatingfoundations

Dig outground

Place footings

Auildfoundation

walls

$onstructexterior

Auild walls

Cindows &Doors

Auild roof

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Thinking ahead, procedurally and concurrently

Computational thinking

8ake & 8illNs weekly food shop

8ake and 8ill are (uite fed up of how long they spend in the supermarket each weeweekly food shop!

They decide what they want when they are actually walking around the supermaoften have to go back multiple times in the week as they run out of items!

This method of shopping is also resulting in a very expensive total weekly shoppi

How could they use the principles of computational thinking to make their weeklyexperience as eIcient as possible! There overall aims are to:

pend as little time as possible in the supermarket each week ave as much money as possible

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Thinking ahead, procedurally and concurrently

Computational thinking

8ake & 8illNs weekly food shop

Thinking .head: Plan out their meals for the week ahead of time Gake a shopping list of all the items they need for their meals

Thinking Procedurally: Criting out the shopping list in the order of the supermarket isles

Thinking $oncurrently: peeding up the shop by taking half the shopping list each plitting up and using two checkouts 6ne person parking the car while the other starts the shop

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01001010011001010110000101101110011011100110010101110100011101000110010100100000010101100111001000000111000001110010011011110110110101101111011101000110010101100100001000Computational thinking

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Thinking logically

Computational thinking

$ash point problem

Thinking logically outline an algorithm which covers the situation of a user withda cash point:

Present your answer in either the form of: a 3ow=chart or pseudo code

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ThinkingThinking ogically

01001010011001010110000101101110011011100110010101110100011101000110010100100000010101100111001000000111000001110010011011110110110101101111011101000110010101100100001000Computational thinking

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Thinking logically

Computational thinking

$ash point problem

2lowchaextendeP0- numallowedincorrectimes bretaine

This coa countcheck o

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tart

'pdate balance

0nput card number

0s it the correctP0- 2or this

$ard*

0nput P0-6'TP'T

)Crong P0-+

0nput amount towithdraw

/nough2unds*

Dispense cash

top

6'TP'T)orry+

No

No

Yes

Yes

BEGIN

INPUT CardNumber

REPEAT

INPUT PIN

IF PIN is wrong for this CardNumber TEN

!UTPUT "#rong PIN$

EN% IF

UNTI& PIN is 'orre't

INPUT Amount

IF there are enough funds TEN %is(ense Cash

U(date 'ustomer)s ba*an'e

E&+E

!UTPUT "+orr,- insuffi'ient funds$

EN% IF

EN%

01001010011001010110000101101110011011100110010101110100011101000110010100100000010101100111001000000111000001110010011011110110110101101111011101000110010101100100001000Computational thinking

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Thinking abstractly

Computational thinking

Gaps and .bstraction

$onsider the tourist map on the right of city of Ganchester!

How has abstraction been used in the production of thismap*

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ThinkingThinking ogically

01001010011001010110000101101110011011100110010101110100011101000110010100100000010101100111001000000111000001110010011011110110110101101111011101000110010101100100001000Computational thinking

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Thinking abstractly

Computational thinking

Gaps and .bstraction

.reas of the city have been colour coded