computer aided perception validation of tone mapping operators in the simulation of disability glare...
TRANSCRIPT
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Computer Aided PerceptionValidation of Tone Mapping Operators
in the Simulation of Disability Glare
A Masters Thesis Proposal by
Charles Ehrlich
UC Berkeley Department of Architecture
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Glare Analysis
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Primary Goal
• Provide design professionals with a tool to investigate the visual performance of buildings and the environment
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What About Perception?
• Existing methods fail to convey an intuitive understanding of the problem of glare.
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Purpose of Image?
• Image as design tool• To convey veridical
information about a proposed building design solution
• Serve as a communication medium for common understanding for the design team
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What Makes a Veridical Image?
• Reproduces the perceptual phenomenon that would otherwise be missing due to the limitations of the display medium.
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The Fundamental Problem
• Real world luminances: 10-4 to 105 cd/m2 (starlight to sunlight)
• Viewable dynamic range: 1 to 104
• Typical video displays: 1 to 100 cd/m2
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What is in an Image?
• 4 Bytes per Pixel– RED– GREEN– BLUE– EXPONENT
• Can store 77 orders of magnitude with 1% accuracy.
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Radiance linear Algorithm
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Radiance pcond Algorithm
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Hypothesis:A rendered image displayed with the appropriate tone mapping algorithm can predict the presence of veiling glare under typical viewing conditions.
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Literature Search
Tumblin. Three Methods of Detail-Preserving Contrast Reduction for Displayed Images. Georgia Institute of Tech. 1999.
McNamara. Measures of Lightness Constancy as an
index of the perceptual fidelity of computer
graphics. EU Conferernce on Visual Perception, 1998.
Matkovic. Tone Mapping Techniques and Color Image Difference in Global Illumination,
Technical University of Wein. 1997
Pattanaik, P., Ferwerda, S. et. al. A Multiscale Model of Adaptation and Spatial Vision for Realistic Image Display. Cornell. 1997
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Matkovic. 1997. Dissertation: Tone Mapping Techniques and Color Image Difference in Global Illumination.
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Pattanaik, P., Ferwerda, S. et. al. A Multiscale Model of Adaptation and Spatial Vision for Realistic Image Display. Cornell. 1997
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Tumblin Dissertation
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Mcnamara. 1998. Measures of Lightness Constancy as an index of the perceptual fidelity of computer graphics. European Conferernce on Visual Perception.
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The Validation Method
• Human subjects are asked to compare:– Scale models of
“complex” scenes with and without high dynamic range
• with– Computer display of
rendered equivalents
scale model
CRT
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Confounding Factors
• Scale model versus computer display– Possible to hide the fact that one is a model and
one is a computer display
• Personal sensitivity to glare
• Color perception anomalies
• Corrective visual aids
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Experimental Design
• Part 1: Comparison– Method of adjustment– Random ordering of trials– Rate the degree of similarity between scale
model and displayed image on a 5-point scale
• Part 2: Glare– View scale model of historical glare study– Rate perception of glare on a 5-point scale
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Sample Size
• 20 volunteers if no funding
• 200 paid subjects, double-blind if funded
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Analysis of Results
• Scale Models– Ratings of Similarity
• Glare– Similarity of Glare
Ratings to historical data
Average Scene Brightness
Rated Brightness
Error in Perception
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The Solution At Hand
• 3D Visual WYSIWYG
• Advance warning of potential problems– Too little light– Too much light– Disability Glare– Undesirable lighting quality
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Veiling Glare
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Future Research
• Low light level conditions– Loss of contrast sensitivity– Loss of color acquity– Loss of visual acquity
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Loss of Contrast Sensitivity
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The Solution in Context
• Building Owners, Architects, Lighting Engineers
• Margin of Safety = over-lighted = waste
• Inappropriate use of Daylighting
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Computer Aided Perception System
• Proposed Design• 3D Digital Representation• Simulation System• Display medium (CRT,
paper, etc)• Design Team• A Situation to be Analyzed
or Resolved