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COMPUTER AWARENESS:

Software, Hardware, Operating Systems

COMPUTER

Computer is an electronic device or programmable machine

that manipulates information or data (input) and produces the

result (output). It has the ability of storing, retrieving and

processing the data. It is composed of hardware and software

in it.

Functioning:

1.Input Devices – Access the data

2.Central Processing Unit (CPU) – Process the data

3.Output Devices- Produces the result

4.Storage Devices (RAM) – Stores the result

Hope!! You understood this concept how computer access the

data (input) and provides the output using some major

components. Explanation is given for each and every

component at below

#HARDWARE

Term hardware refers to physical components or elements of

the computer like keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Printer, Disk and

Chips

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#SOFTWARE

Computer knowledgeTerm Software refers to set of

instructions that tell the hardware what to do.

Software will be loaded from Disk to RAM (Random Access

Memory)

Some of the examples are Games, web browsers and word

processors such as Microsoft word

Can a computer run without software???

Yes, it is possible .But if u wants to create some documents and

power points you need some software’s.

For example if you want to create a document you need word

processor

Software will give some additional capabilities to your

computer

#Confused????????

To prepare the Food, Vegetables are required and to preserve

the Vegetables, a Refrigerator is essential. Similarly to run a

program Software is required and to establish the Software,

Hardware is essential.

Hope you understood this. Let’s move to hardware components

HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Internal hardware components

1.CPU 2. Mother Board 3. RAM 4. Sound Card 5. Video Card 6.

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Hard Drive

7. DVD

External Hardware components

1.Keyboard 2. Mouse 3. Printer 4. Scanner 5. Monitor 6.

Speakers

#Input Devices (accesses the data)

Devices which helps us to interact with computer is nothing but

input devices

Ex: Keyboard and Mouse

#Output Devices (provides the output)

Devices which sends back the information to you is nothing but

Output #Devices

Ex: Monitor and Printer

Central Processing Unit (processes the data)

#Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Central Processing Unit is also called as the “Brain of the

Computer” or Main Processor which controls all the systems

inner functions.

It is very easy to replace because it is inserted into the socket

and is not soldered onto the motherboard

A computer may contain more than one CPU which is nothing

but #MULTIPROCESSING

Two main parts of CPU are

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Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Control Unit (CU).

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): ALU is also called as basic building

blocks of Central Processing Unit, which performs all arithmetic

and logical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication

and division

Control Unit (CU): Control Unit controls the entire processing. It

helps in the communication between Memory and ALU

#Memory (stores the result)

A place where we can store the data or set of instructions to

access them while performing the operations

There are two types of memories (storage devices)

1. RAM (Random Access Memory)

2. ROM (Read Only Memory)

#RAM (Random Access Memory)

RAM (Random Access Memory) is one of the storage devices

which performs both read and write operations. But RAM is

Volatile in nature it loses the data when there is no power

supply. It is fast while programming when compared to ROM

There are two types of RAM

DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)

SRAM ( Static Random Access Memory)

#ROM (Read Only Memory)

Main advantage of ROM is that we can easily alter the data or

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reprogrammable. Advantage of ROM is Non –Volatile in nature

which does not loses any data when there is no power supply.

Motherboard may consist of more than one ROM chips.

Types of ROM

1.ROM- Read only Memory

2.PROM- Programmable Read only Memory

3.EPROM- Erasable Programmable Read only Memory

4.EEPROM- Electrically Erasable Programmable Read only

Memory

5.Flash EEPROM memory

OPERATING SYSTEMS (OS)

Operating System is a type of software that allows computer

hardware to communicate with software. A computer without

OS is a mere machine

Ex: DOS (Disk Operating System), Linux, Solaris

Types of operating systems

1.Graphical User Interface (GUI):

GUI is an interface, which allows us to interact with electronic

devices like mobiles, gaming devices and Mp3 players using

some graphical icons

Ex:Windows 98, Windows CE, System 7.X

2.Multi-user operating system:

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Application software which allows multiple users to access the

computer with time sharing system

Ex: Linux, UNIX, Windows 2000

3.Multiprocessor operating system:

An operating system which supports the utilization of two or

more processors on single computer Ex: Linux, UNIX, Windows

2000

4.Multi-Tasking:

An operating system which supports multiple processes at the

time Ex: Unix, Windows 2000

5.Multithreading:

This operating system will allows the software to perform some

parts of program to run concurrently

Ex: Linux, UNIX, Windows 2000

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