computer hardware - platforms and technologies

20
BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING COMPUTER HARDWARE

Upload: electricgeisha

Post on 25-Dec-2014

6.499 views

Category:

Technology


1 download

DESCRIPTION

 

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

Page 2: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

Computer hardware is the physical part of a computer, including the digital circuitry, as distinguished from the computer software that executes within the hardware. The hardware of a computer is infrequently changed, in comparison with software and data, which are "soft" in the sense that they are readily created, modified or erased on the computer. Firmware is a special type of software that rarely, if ever, needs to be changed and so is stored on hardware devices such as read-only memory (ROM) where it is not readily changed (and is, therefore, "firm" rather than just "soft").

Most computer hardware is not seen by normal users. It is in embedded systems in automobiles, microwave ovens, electrocardiograph machines, compact disc players, and other devices. Personal computers, the computer hardware familiar to most people, form only a small minority of computers (about 0.2% of all new computers produced in 2003).

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

Page 3: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

A personal computer (PC) is a microcomputer whose price, size, and capabilities make it useful for individuals.

We may never know who coined the phrase with the intent of a small affordable computing device but John W. Mauchly described such a device in a November 3rd 1962 New York Times article entitled "Pocket Computer may replace Shopping List". Six years later a manufacturer took a risk at referring to their product this way when Hewlett Packard advertised their "Powerful Computing Genie" as "The New Hewlett Packard 9100A personal computer". This advertisement was too extreme for the target audience and replaced with a much drier ad for the HP 9100A programmable calculator.

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

Page 4: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

During the next 7 years the phrase had gained usage so when Byte magazine, published it's first edition it referred to it's readers as being in the "personal computing field“ while Creative Computing defined the personal computer as a "non-(time) shared system containing sufficient processing power and storage capabilities to satisfy the needs of an individual user." Two years later when the 1977 Trinity of preassembled small computers hit the markets, the Apple II and the PET 2001 were advertised as 'personal computers' while the TRS-80 was a microcomputer used for household tasks including "personal financial management". By 1979 over half a million home computers were sold and the youth of the day had a new concept of the personal computer.

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

Page 5: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

Personal computers are also known as microcomputers and home computers. Often, the term "personal computer" is used exclusively for computers running a Microsoft Windows operating system, but this is erroneous. For example, a Macintosh running Mac OS and an IBM PC compatible running Linux are both personal computers. This confusion stems from the fact that the term "PC" is often used as a shorthand form for "IBM PC compatible" and historically Mac OS has run on non-IBM compatible hardware like the PowerPC architecture. Linux runs on virtually any kind of hardware, but was developed later and has not quite achieved the same popularity as Windows.

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

Page 6: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

Memory

OutputInput Processor

Hard disk

Flash memory

CD or DVD

Storage

Temporary Data Holding

Data Data

Data

Data

Data

Page 7: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

System Software: all the programs that help the computer

function operating system (OS)

- including user interface

Application Software: all the programs you can use to

perform a task productivity software special-purpose

programs

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

Page 8: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

THE PHYSICAL COMPONENTS

• Input devices

• Processing

• Output devices

• Storage devices

• Communications devices

Page 9: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

INPUT DEVICES

• Keyboard• Mouse, Touch pad, Joystick• Touch screen• Digital Camera, Digital Video• Microphone, Sound card• Scanner• Barcode Reader

Page 10: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

OUTPUT DEVICES

• Monitor, Video Adapter Card• Printer, Laser or Inkjet• Loudspeakers, Audio Output

Page 11: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

BITS AND BYTES

bit = binary digitthe basic unit of information

1 or 0

byte = 8 bitsenough combinations (28 =

256) to store essential characters

Page 12: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

BYTES SIZE

Byte a grouping of eight bits for instance --> 0110 0001• Kb (kilobyte) about 1000 bytes• Mb (megabyte) about one thousand Kb or one million bytes• Gb (gigabyte) about one thousand Mb or one billion bytes• Tb (terabyte) is about one thousand Gb or one trillion bytes

Page 13: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

PORT TYPES• Serial - bits flow in a single line

• Parallel - several bits flow at once

• SCSI - can connect up to 8 devices, fastdata transfer

• USB - can connect many devices, has hot swapping capability

• Firewire - like USB, higher speed & more $

Page 14: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

MOTHERBOARDPrinted circuit board with connectors

slots foradapter cards

slots forRAM chips

ROM chip

CPU

Page 15: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

MEMORY - RAM

• Is the most common type of primary storage, or computer memory.• Used to store program instructions and data temporarily.• Unique addresses and can store in any location.• Can quickly retrieve information.• Will not remain if power goes off (volatile).

Page 16: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

MEMORY - ROM

1. Information is stored permanently on a chip.2. Contains startup instructions and other permanent data.

Example Of ROM (Read-Only Memory):

Page 17: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

PRIMARY STORAGE – HARD DISK

• Size in Gigabytes• Magnetic technology• Fast access

Page 18: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

SECONDARY STORAGE – CD/DVD• *-R - recordable burn once • *-RW - rewritable erase and burn again • 650 MB for a CD• 4.7 GB for a DVD• 8.5 GB for Dual Layer DVDs• In-expensive

Page 19: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

FLASH MEMORY – USB STICK

• Flash memory is a non-volatile computer memory that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. • It is a technology that is primarily used in memory cards and USB flash drives for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products.• Easy to use and fairly inexpensive.

Page 20: Computer Hardware - Platforms and Technologies

BTEC NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN INTERACTIVE GAMING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

NOSTALGIA

write protection tab

linerdisk

spindle holesector hole

plastic casing

sliding metal shutterread/write opening