PRESTIGE INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND REASEARCH

SUBMITTED TO

PROF. Dr. DEEPAK JAROLIYA

SUBMITTED BY:

AYUSH YADAVAVESH FAISAL RAYEENSOUMYA PATHAKSOMIL PUNGLIYAMEENAL MANTRI

“ COMPUTER NETWORKAND ITS DEVICES”

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COMPUTER NETWORK AND ITS DEVICES

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WHAT IS NETWORK?

• Dictionary meaning of network is “ a particular network is a system of things which are connected and which are operates together”• Network has a wide meaning it involves all networks like

business network, communication network, social network, electrical network and computer network.• A great example of a network is the Internet, connecting

millions of people all over the world together. • They can share data and information.

4 WHAT IS COMPUTER NETWORK?

A computer network is a system of interconnected computer and the peripheral devices.

For example, it may connected to computer , scanner , printer and camera.

A computer network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data.

The connection between networked computing devices are established using either cable media or wireless media.

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GOALS OF COMPUTER NETWORK?

• Access to remote resources.• Human communication.• Mobile computing.• Computing power through parallelism.• Optimising resources- load balancing.• Incremental growth of .computer system (reduced cost and

risk).

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APPLICATION OF COMPUTER NETWORK

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CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS

• By size:- 1. Local area network (LAN).

2. Metropolitan area networks (MAN).

3. Wide area networks (WAN).

• By media type:-1. Point to point networks vs. broadcast networks.• By mobility:-1. Mobile networks vs. fixed network.

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TYPES OF THE NETWORKS

WAN

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LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

• Smallest networked compared to other two network.• The simplest form of LAN is connected two computer together.• LAN is operated within a limited physical area such as at

home , school and a single building or a several buildings.• A network which consists of less then 500 interconnected

devices across several buildings, is still recognised as a LAN.• Local area networks normally use coaxial cables to connect

the computers together.

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METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK

• Metropolitan – describes important cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta and Bengaluru, Chennai etc.• Companies that have several branches within the Mumbai city

such as banks, use a MAN.• Can be collection of several LANs within the same city.• MAN can be defined as a group of computers and network

devices connected together within a large physical area.• MAN’s are larger than LAN’s but smaller than WAN’S.

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MAN

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WIDE AREA NETWORK

• The largest network of all networks type.• Internet is the largest WAN in the world.• WAN generally covers a large distances such as states,

countries or continents .• E.g. Local banks have always maintained their business online

by connecting all computers of their branch's in the countries. International banks also use WAN to connect their computers all over the world.• WAN is a collection of MANs and LANs or the mixture of both

network.

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WAN

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COMPARISON OFLAN, MAN AND WAN

Critera LAN MAN WAN

Cost Low High Higher

Network size Small Large Largest

Speed Fastest Slow Slowest

Transmission media type Twisted pair Twisted pair and fibre-optic cables

Fibre-optic, radio and satellite

Numbers of computer Smallest Large largest

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NETWORK TOPOLOGY

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BUS TOPOLOGY

A bus topology consists of a single central cable to which all computers and other devices connected. A bus topology also known as a bus network.

Description of bus topology• Very common in LAN.• Must have common backbone(the central cable) to connect all

devices.• All nodes share the backbone to communicate with each other

on the network.• Sometimes a bus network has more then one server is not

needed on the network.

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BUS TOPOLOGY

Advantages

• Short cable length and simple wiring layout.• Easy to extend.• Reliable from hardware point

of view.

Disadvantages

• Fault isolation is difficult.• Repeater configuration.• Nodes must be intelligent.

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RING TOPOLOGY

A ring topology consists all the computers and other devices that are connected in a loop. Ring topology also known as ring network.

Description of ring topology• Can be found in LAN.• Each node directly connected to the neighbours nodes.• The server, like other nodes, will only communicate to its two

neighbours nodes.

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RING TOPOLOGY

Advantages

• Short cable length.

• No wiring closet space required.

• Suitable for optical fibres.

Disadvantages

• Node failure causes network failure.

• Difficult to diagnose fault.

• Network reconfiguration is difficult.

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STAR TOPOLOGY

A star topology consists of a central host which acts as the centre, and all nodes connected to the nodes. A star topology is also known as star network.

Description of star topology• A star network is found in LAN setting.• A star network must have a host which act as a centre.• The host can be a server , hub or router.• In a star network, every node will not connected to the

neighbouring nodes.

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STAR TOPOLOGY

• Every node must connected to the host in order to communicate.

• The host will control the flow of communication in the network.

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STAR TOPOLOGY

Advantages

• One device per connection.

• Centralised control.

• Simple access.

Disadvantages

• Long cable length.

• Difficult to expand.

• Central nod dependency.

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TREE TOPOLOGY

Tree topology is the combination of bus and star topology. The tree like structure allows you to have many servers on the net work on many ways. Also known as hierarchical network.

Description of tree topology• Nodes of some devices are linked to a centrally located hub

which is called the active hub.• The active hub has a hardware device called the repeater.• This strengthens the transmission and increase the travelling

distance of signal.• The secondary hub can isolate communication between

computers.

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TREE TOPOLOGY

Advantages

• Easy to extend.

• Fault isolation.

Disadvantages

• Dependent on the root.

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MESH NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Mesh network is a network where all nodes are connected to each other and is complete network. In a mesh network every node is connected to other nodes on the network through hops.it is called the self healing technology where it receives data one way or the other.

Description of mess technology• Data is automatically configured to reach the destination by

taking the shortest route.• The reliability factor is high in any kind of mess network.• The mess network is based on very sensible concept and has

lesser chances of network breakdown.

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MESH NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Advantages Disadvantages

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DIFFERENCE

Bus topology Ring topology Star topology

Structure There is a single central cable(backbone)and all computers and al other devices connected to it.

All computers and other devices are connected in a circle.

There is a central host and all nodes connected to it.

Host existence Depends on networks need.

Depends on network need.

Yes

Connection between nodes it has no connection between nodes.

Yes. No.

Host failure Network can still run. Network will fail. Network will fail.

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DIFFERENCEBus topology Ring topology Star topology

Node failure Network can still run. Network will fail. Network will fail.

Ease of troubleshooting Difficult. Need to search for the problematic node one by one.

Depends on backbone. If there is a backbone troubleshooting is difficult. if there is no backbone, the focus is on the tow nodes not communicating.

Depends on the host.it is easier to repair the problematic host. However if nodes fails, then each node to be searched.

Ease of adding and removing nodes.

Easy. Difficult. Average.

Number of node when extending network.

Many. Limited. Limited.

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NETWORK PROTOCOL

• A set of rules and conventions for communication between network devices.• A protocol includes formatting rules that specify how data is

packaged into messages. It also include conventions like message acknowledgement or data compressing to support reliable and high-performance network communication.• Various protocol exist in computer networking ranging from

the high level to the low level like TCP/IP, HTTP,FTP,SMTP and telnet.

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TCP/IP (TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/ INTERNET PROTOCOL).

• It is the communication protocol for communication between computers connected to the network specially internet.• These are standard which defines how electronic devices(like

computers) should be connected to the network, and how data should be transmitted between them.• TCP/IP is responsible for successful delivery of data at

destination.

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TCP/IP LAYERSApplication layer

Transport layer

Internet layer

Link/physical layer

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HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL

• Computers on the www. Use the hypertext transfer protocol (http) to talk with each other.

• The HTTP provides a set of instruction for accurate information exchange.

• The communication between the client and the server involves request sent by the client and response from the server.

• Each client server transaction , wheather a request or a response, consists of three main parts:-1. a response

2. header information.

3. the body.

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FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL

• FTP allows user to transfer files between two computer on the internet. To transfer files with FTP we use program called FTP client.• It is a simple network protocol based on TCP/IP.• The FTP CLIENT INITIATES ACONNECTION TO A REMOTE

COMPUTER RUNNING fftp server software. • After the connection is established, the client can choose to

send or receive copies of files. To connect to an FTP server, a client requires a username and password as set by the server administrator of the server.

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SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL

• SMTP mail is the protocol that E-mail servers use to transfer mail.• The usual method of sending mail is that your mail client will

contact the given SMTP server which transports the mail to the destination.• To determine the SMTP server for a given domain name, the

MX(mail exchange) DNS record is used.

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TRANSMISSION MODES

• The term Transmission Modes defines the direction of the flow of information between two communication devices i.e. it tells the direction of signals flows between the two devices.

• There are three ways or modes of data transmission:-SimplexHalf-duplexFull -duplex

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SIMPLEX

• Simplex is a type of communication in which data can only be transmitted in one direction.• It is often used in contrast to duplex communication in which

data can flow bidirectional between two devices.• Broadcasts in which a single transmissions sent many users,

is a common type of simplex communication.• For examples – radio broadcast , television broadcast etc.

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FULL - DUPLEX

• Full-duplex, or simply "duplex," is a type of communication in which data can flow two ways at the same time. It requires four wires .• Telephones are common examples of full-duplex devices.

They allow both people to hear each other at the same time.• The terms duplex and full-duplex can be used

interchangeably since both refer to simultaneous bidirectional communication.

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FULL - DUPLEX

• . Full-duplex is often used in contrast to half-duplex, which refers to bidirectional communication, but not at the same time. Simplex communication is even more limited and only supports data transmission in one direction.

• NOTE: Full-duplex is sometimes abbreviated "FDX."

Sender(and receiver)

Receiver(and sender)

FULL-DUPLEX

AND

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NETWORKING DEVICES

• Router• Switches• Hub• Modem

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ROUTER

• A router is a device that forwards data packets between computer networks.  creating an overlay internetwork.

•  A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks. When a data packet comes in one of the lines, the router reads the address information in the packet to determine its ultimate destination. 

• Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey. Routers perform the "traffic directing" functions on the Internet.

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SWITCHES

• In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another

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HUB• An Ethernet hub, active hub, network

hub, repeater hub, multiport repeater or hub is a device for connecting multiple Ethernetdevices together and making them act as a single network segment. It has multiple input/output (I/O) ports, in which a signal introduced at the input of any port appears at the output of every port except the original incoming. A hub works at the physical layer (layer 1) of the OSI model.[1]

 The device is a form of multiport repeater. Repeater hubs also participate in collision detection, forwarding a jam signal to all ports if it detects a collision.

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MODEM• A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device

that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data. Modems can be used with any means of transmitting analog signals, from light emitting diodes to radio. The most familiar example is avoice band modem that turns the digital data of a personal computer into modulated electrical signals in the voice frequency range of a telephonechannel. These signals can be transmitted over telephone lines and demodulated by another modem at the receiver side to recover the digital data.

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CABLINGCoaxial Cable

- Thinet looks like regular TV cable. It is about ¼ inch in diameter and is very flexible and easy to work with.

- Thcknnet is about ½ inch in diameter and not very flexible. Thicket is older and not very common anymore except as a backbone within and between buildings. Coax transmits at 10 Mbps.

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THANK YOU.....

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GROUP 6

S.no. Members name Enrolment no. Signature

1. Ayush yadav

2. Avesh faisal rayeen

3. Somuya pathak

4. Somil pungliya

5. Meenal mantri