computer network chapter 4. i think there is a world of market for maybe five computers thomas j....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Computer NetworkChapter 4
![Page 2: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
“I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers”
Thomas J. WatsonChairman IBM, 1943
![Page 3: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why Use Networks?• Network
• Group of computers and devices• Connected by transmission media
• Stand-alone computer• Not connected to other computers• Uses local software and data
• Advantages of networks over standalone computers• Device sharing by multiple users
• Saves money and time• Central network management
![Page 4: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of Networks• Network models
• Peer-to-Peer• Client/server
![Page 5: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Peer-to-Peer Network
Figure 1-1 Resource sharing on a simple peer-to-peer network
![Page 6: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Client/Server Networks
Figure 1-2 Resource sharing on a client/server network
![Page 7: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Networks are everywhere
» Computers» Printer» Copier» Fax» Scanner» Personal Digital Assistants» Cell Phones» Radios» RFID (Radio Frequency ID)
![Page 8: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Introduction• Today people are often linked by wires or air (wireless)
carrying voice and computer signals via the telephone system.
• Data communications dominate the world.
• Computer Network: The linkage of computer systems by means of communication lines or channels (e.g., fiber optic, microwave, satellite, telephone line, 802.11)
![Page 9: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Computer Network• At least two computers need to be connected
• Copper• Fiber Optics• Microwaves• Infrared • Satellites
![Page 10: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Data Communications
Telecommunications Data Processing
= Data Communications
+
![Page 11: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Data Communication• Electronic transfer of information from one computer to
another.• Data• Text• Pictures• Graphics• Video• Voice
![Page 12: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Network Components (Examples)
In
tro
du
ctio
n
1-12
Fibers
Coaxial Cable
Links Interfaces Switches/routers
Ethernet card
Wireless card
Large router
Switch
![Page 13: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Why network?• Resource sharing
–Files, Applications, Printer, Fax• Communication Medium
–Email, Collaboration, videoconferencing
• E-business–Supply-chain, inventory, B2C
![Page 14: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Business Applications of Networks• A network with two clients and one server.
![Page 15: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Business Applications of Networks (2)• The client-server model involves requests and replies.
![Page 16: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Home Network Applications
• Access to remote information• Person-to-person communication• Interactive entertainment• Electronic commerce
![Page 17: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Communication Lines/Channels• Fiber optic• Microwave• Satellite• Telephone Line etc.
![Page 18: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Impact of Data Communications1. It enables information to be accessed and transmitted
quickly.– Automatic Data Collection or Polling (i.e. Chuck E. Cheese) –menu
update, get info from POS2. It allows the storing of information in a centralized database
that may be shared by a few users in a small computer network or by thousands of users in a large computer network.
3. It facilitates centralized management and decentralized operations (e.g., restaurant chain).
![Page 19: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Impact of Data Communications• It links business processes performed by independent
computer systems to improve organizational efficiency and effectiveness
• It links a business to its customers• Communication devices, such as cell phones, personal digital
assistants, etc.
![Page 20: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Local Area Network• LAN is linkage of computers in a specific geographical area
(usually within an office or building) such as in hotels, restaurants, or country clubs using transmission medium such as twisted pair wire or coaxial cable.
![Page 21: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Why Local Area Network (LAN)?• Increased processing and transfer requirements in many
graphics-intensive applications now require significantly higher transfer rates (data, audio, image, video)
• Decreased cost of storage space leads to program and file bloat, increased need for transfer capacity
• Watch this video
![Page 22: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Basic LAN Hardware• Computers/Server(s)• Resources• Cables• Connectors (Hubs)• Network Interface Cards (Ethernet) ADVANCED• Bridges• Routers
![Page 23: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Full versus half duplex• Half duplex: communication can happen in both directions but
one at a time (like walkie-talkie)
• Full duplex: communication can happen in both directions at the same time (like a phone)
![Page 25: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Client• Is any network entity that can request resources from the
network.
• Workstations can be clients but not all clients are workstations
• For example, a printer can request resources from the network, it is a client, not a workstation.
![Page 26: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Server• A computer that provides resources to the clients on the
network.
• Servers are typically powerful computers
![Page 27: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Switch
![Page 28: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Hub vs. Switch• Hub—sends signals to all computers connected
• Switch– sends signals to intended computer(s)
![Page 29: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
LANs share• Files (databases)• Resources (Printers, fax)• Programs (Fidelio, MS Office)
• Working together• Communication
![Page 30: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
WAN (Wide Area Network ) Communications Hardware
• WAN=Connection of at least two LANs• Down-line processor/ Multiplexer• Front-end Processor• PBX(Private Branch Exchange)
• Watch Video
![Page 31: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
WAN Connection Types• Private Lines
– Frame Relay
• Dial-Up• Satellite• Down Line Processor or Multiplexer• Front-end Processor• PBX Switchboard• Shared Lines
– DSL– Cable
![Page 32: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
WAN in Hospitality• Global Reservation System• Central Reservation System• Property Management System
![Page 33: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Miami
NYC
LA
Boston
![Page 34: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Hotel Marriott NYC Hotel Marriott Miami
• Dial-up (max 56Kbps)• ISDN (128Kbps)• DSL (1.5Mbps)• Cable (3.5Mbps)
![Page 35: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Hotel Marriott NYC Hotel Marriott Miami
• T-1 (1.5Mbps)• Frame Relay (1.5Mbps)• T-3 (43Mbps)• OC3 (155Mbps)• ATM (622Mbps)
![Page 36: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Hotel Marriott NYC
• 802.11b (11Mbps)• 802.11g (54Mbps)• 802.11a (54Mbps)• 802.11n (<100Mbps)
![Page 37: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
A Small LAN
![Page 38: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Wireless LAN• Advantages
1. Wireless LANs are simple to set up. It literally can take 10 minutes for a simple wireless network to be setup.
2. Wireless LANs are cheap to create.3. When it is not possible to wire, Wireless LANs come into
rescue.• Disadvantages
1. Security is the biggest down side of wireless LANs.
![Page 39: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
HP ServerIBM Server
![Page 41: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Network Hardware: Repeaters
• Extend the length of transmission media
![Page 42: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Server Types• File Server: holds and distributes files• Print Server: handles printing jobs from clients• Proxy Server: performs a function on behalf of
other computers• Application Server: hosts a network application
(i.e. Marriott’s central reservation system, Marsha)• Web Server: handles web pages and other web
content (i.e. Marriott.com, Hilton.com, Starwood.com)
• Mail Server: hosts and delivers electronic mail.• Fax Server: sends and receives faxes electronically.• Voice over IP Server: Handles calls on Internet
Protocol
![Page 43: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Physical Media• Coaxial Cable
• Thinnet (BNC Connector and RG-58)• Twisted Pair Cable
• Category 1 – Category 6• RJ-11 and RJ-45 Connectors
• Fiber Optic Cable
![Page 44: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Coaxial Cable• Contains a center conductor, made of copper, surrounded by a
plastic jacket
• Teflon type covering plenum-rated coating does not burn easily
• Coax is not used in LANs today but still used widely by TV cable operators
![Page 45: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Thin Ethernet• Thinnet• 10Base-2
• Thin coaxial cable– smaller than thick coaxial cable
![Page 46: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
A Stripped-back Thinnet
![Page 47: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Thinnet
![Page 48: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Connectors
• With thinnet, you use BNC (BayoNet Connector) connectors to attach stations to the network.
• BNC Connector locks securely with a quarter-twist motion
• A T-connector is used to connect backbone devices
![Page 49: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Male and Female BNC Connectors
![Page 50: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
F type connector
Popular with TV Cable and Cable Modems
![Page 52: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Twisted-pair cable• Consists of multiple, individually insulated wires that are
twisted together in pairs
• Sometimes a metallic shield is placed around pairs shielded twisted pair (STP)
• Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
![Page 53: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Why twisted?• Electromagnetic signals create interference crosstalk
• Twisting the cables in pairs reduce intereference
• Most common cable
![Page 54: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Twisted-pair• Cheaper• Easy to work with• Transmission rates are good
![Page 55: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Fiber Optic Cable• A glass or plastic fiber that carries light along its length. This
cable is the fastest and most expensive transmission medium in the world today
![Page 56: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Advantages of Fiber Optic Cable• Superior System Performance• Greatly increased bandwidth and capacity• Lower signal loss• Immunity to Electrical Noise• Immune to noise (electromagnetic interference [EMI] and
radio-frequency interference [RFI]• Lower bit error rates• Signal Security• Difficult to tap• Light weight
![Page 57: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Topology• Arrangement of workstations in a shared medium
environment• Logical arrangement (data flow)• Physical arrangement (cabling scheme)
![Page 58: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Network Topologies• The manner in which workstations are connected together
physically and logically is referred to as a NETWORK TOPOLOGY.
• 4 Types: • Bus (Video)• Ring (Video)• Star (Video)• Hybrid
![Page 59: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
BUS Topology• Information transfer• Terminators• Setup is simple• Expansion• Repair• Cost
![Page 61: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
STAR Topology
• Central network connector (switch)
• Less than 100m.• Expansion—switch-
uplink• Troubleshooting• Cost—cable
![Page 63: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Ring Topology
• Information flows one way
• Close together• Expansion• Troubleshooting• Cost
![Page 65: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Hybrid Topology
![Page 67: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Why Hybrid (Tiered)?• Reliability—less service interruption• Capacity- not easily saturated• Cost – low cost networks can build up• Needs- not every department need the same equipment
(accounting vs. graphics)
![Page 68: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Network Management• Network management is a systematic approach to planning,
organizing, and controlling networks. • The five basic functions of network management are:
1. Fault management2. Configuration management3. Performance management4. Security Management5. Accounting Management
![Page 70: Computer Network Chapter 4. I think there is a world of market for maybe five computers Thomas J. Watson Chairman IBM, 1943](https://reader038.vdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022103015/55170994550346f5558b5263/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Chapter 4