NETWORKING CONCEPTSBy – Mohammad Sadiq

WHAT IS COMPUTER NETWORKING?

A computer network can be defined as a group of computers and other peripheral devices that are linked together for the purpose of sharing data and hard ware resources

Each computer in a network is called Node.

The computers in a network maybe linked through cables ,telephone lines, radio waves ,or infrared light beams

ADVANTAGES OF NETWORKING

S.N. Advantage Description

1 Efficient Use of Storage Media

There is no need for separate media to store files. Files stored on server can be used by many user at a time.

2 Preserving InformationWhile personal data can be lost by individual users, Files stored on server are safe as regular backups takes place for server.

3 Reduction in Hardware Cost

In a network, devices (e.g. printer) can be shared by many users and thus no need for multiple devices for each user. This reduce the operation cost.

4 EfficiencyIn network, there is or single point (e.g. server) for modification / deletion of data / software. This increase system efficiency.

5 Redundancy Network system has made hard copy system almost redundant as files can be sent / shared in digital form.

6 Quickest Document Delivery e.g. files sent by email or other applications like WhatsApp

NETWORKING COMPONENTS1 Network Card

2 Networking Cable

3 Hubs and Switches

NETWORK CARDA network card is used to physically attach a computer to a network, so that it can participate in network communication. Ethernet Network Card is the most commonly used network card

Nowadays motherboards come with inbuilt Network Card.

NETWORKING CABLEModern Ethernet networks use twisted pair cable containing 8 wires. These wires are arranged in a special order ,and an RJ-45 connecter is crimped at both ends of the cable

Ethernet Cable RJ-45 Connector

HUBS AND SWITCHES

These devices that let you connect one or more computers to other computers, networked devices, or even other networks

Hub Switch

TYPES OF NETWORKS

PAN LAN MAN WAN

• PAN is a computer network that is mainly created for an individual person.

• It is used for communication among devices , such as laptop , mobile etc.

• It can be either wired or wireless. PAN generally a range less than 10 meters (30 feet).

• LAN- two or more computers and peripheral devices are connected with in a small

area

•MAN is a larger network than LAN which is spread across a

city

• WAN-is network connects two or more computers located at far way places

NETWORK ARCHITECHTURE

CLIENT – SERVER PEER TO PEER

• It is a network, where several computers called Clients or Workstations are connected to the main computers called Server.

• A Server is a computer that provides services to clients and controls access to hardware, software and other resources

• Clients are the computers, which request services, like data retrieval, storage etc. from the server

• Peer-to-Peer is a network where a few computers having equal capacity and capabilities are connected together to use the resources available on the network

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