Computer SoftwareComputer Software

Unit CUnit C

Software CategoriesSoftware Categories

System SoftwareSystem Software

Application SoftwareApplication Software

Software CategoriesSoftware Categories

•Application Software helps you carry out tasks- such creating documents, editing photographs- using a computer.

•System software helps your computer carry out basic operating functions.

Software consists of computer programs, support programs, and data files that work together to provide a computer with the instructions and data necessary for carrying out a specific type of task.

System SoftwareSystem Software

Operating Operating SystemsSystems

Device Device DriversDrivers UtilitiesUtilities ProgrammingProgramming

LanguagesLanguages

DOSDOS

WindowsWindows

LinuxLinux

UNIXUNIX

Mac OSMac OS

Application SoftwareApplication Software

DocumentDocumentProductionProduction

SpreadsheetSpreadsheetSoftwareSoftware

AccountingAccounting& Finance& Finance

MathematicalMathematicalModelingModeling

StatisticalStatistical

EntertainmentEntertainment

DataDataManagementManagement

GraphicsGraphics

MusicMusic

VideoVideo EducationalEducational

ReferenceReference

Software TopicsSoftware Topics

Computer programComputer program– main executable program (.exe)main executable program (.exe)

Support module Support module – called by the program (.dll)called by the program (.dll)

Data module Data module – Example: a dictionary file or a file that is Example: a dictionary file or a file that is

not supplied by the usernot supplied by the user

How Computers Interpret How Computers Interpret SoftwareSoftware

A A programming or computer languageprogramming or computer language provides provides tools that a programmer uses to create software.tools that a programmer uses to create software.

These languages help the programmer to produce These languages help the programmer to produce a list of instructions called sa list of instructions called source code.ource code.

The high-level languages The high-level languages are similar to human are similar to human languages and produce programs that are fairly languages and produce programs that are fairly easy to test and modify.easy to test and modify.

Main programming languages include C++, Java, Main programming languages include C++, Java, COBOL, and Visual Basic,COBOL, and Visual Basic,

How Computers Interpret How Computers Interpret SoftwareSoftware

A computer’s processor interprets the A computer’s processor interprets the programmer’s instructions, but the programmer’s instructions, but the processor can only understand processor can only understand machine machine languagelanguage..

Instructions written in a high-level Instructions written in a high-level language must be translated into machine language must be translated into machine language before a computer can use language before a computer can use them.them.

There are two types of translators: There are two types of translators: compilers and interpreters.compilers and interpreters.

How Computers Interpret SoftwareHow Computers Interpret Software

An interpreter coverts one instruction at a time while the programming is running.

How Computers Interpret How Computers Interpret SoftwareSoftware

•A compiler converts high-level instructions into aCompiled program, which is a new file containing machine language instructions.

•A complier translate all the instructions in a program as a single batch, and the resulting machine language instructions are placed in a new file. This is the object code.

Operating SystemsOperating Systems

Interacts with application Interacts with application software, device drivers & software, device drivers & hardware to manage computers hardware to manage computers resourcesresources

Exploring WindowsExploring Windows

Starting programsStarting programs

Creating and saving a document Creating and saving a document with a text editor.with a text editor.

Creating files or directoriesCreating files or directories

Moving and copying files with my Moving and copying files with my computercomputer

Deleting an restoring filesDeleting an restoring files

Operating System CategoriesOperating System Categories

A single-user operating system A single-user operating system is designed to deal is designed to deal with input, output, and processing requests from one with input, output, and processing requests from one useruser..PCs and handheldsPCs and handheldsA multi-user operating system A multi-user operating system is designedis designed to deal to deal with the input, output, and processing requests from with the input, output, and processing requests from many users at the same time. many users at the same time. mainframes or centralized computer processingmainframes or centralized computer processingA Network/Server operating systemA Network/Server operating system provides provides communications and routing services that allow communications and routing services that allow computers to share data, programs and peripheral computers to share data, programs and peripheral devices. devices. Desktop:Desktop: desktop or notebook PC; single-user, but desktop or notebook PC; single-user, but could handle networkingcould handle networking

Operating System CategoriesOperating System Categories

A multitasking operating systemA multitasking operating system provides process provides process and memory management services that allow two or and memory management services that allow two or more computer programs to run simultaneously. more computer programs to run simultaneously. Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows is installed on over 80% of the is installed on over 80% of the world’s PCs. world’s PCs. Mac OSMac OSThe UNIX The UNIX operating system was developed in 1969 operating system was developed in 1969 at AT&T’s Bell Labs. It gained a good reputation for at AT&T’s Bell Labs. It gained a good reputation for its dependability in multi-user environments. its dependability in multi-user environments. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed theIn 1991, Linus Torvalds developed the Linux Linux operating system operating system based on a version of UNIX. It is based on a version of UNIX. It is very good and free!very good and free!

DOSDOS

Document Production SoftwareDocument Production Software

Use to compose, edit, Use to compose, edit, design, print or design, print or electronically publish electronically publish documentsdocumentsTypesTypes– Word processing (Word)Word processing (Word)– Desktop publishing Desktop publishing

(PageMaker)(PageMaker)– Web authoring (Front Page)Web authoring (Front Page)

Document Production ElementsDocument Production Elements

FormattingFormatting

Page LayoutPage Layout

Headers/FootersHeaders/Footers

ClipartClipart

TablesTables

FramesFrames

Spell checkSpell check

Word wrapWord wrap

MarginsMargins

StylesStyles

Spreadsheet SoftwareSpreadsheet Software

Use for numerical calculations and Use for numerical calculations and graphsgraphs

Rows and columns Rows and columns

Worksheet, cell, cell referencesWorksheet, cell, cell references

Cells can containCells can contain– ValuesValues– LabelsLabels– FunctionsFunctions– FormulasFormulas

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

Spreadsheet SoftwareSpreadsheet Software

Formulas vs. functionsFormulas vs. functions

Relative vs. absolute cell Relative vs. absolute cell referencingreferencing

Automatic recalculationAutomatic recalculation

TemplatesTemplates

What-if analysisWhat-if analysis

Data Management SoftwareData Management Software

Use to store, find, organize, Use to store, find, organize, update and report informationupdate and report information

File management softwareFile management software– Structured or flat file Structured or flat file – A record contains multiple fieldsA record contains multiple fields

Data Management SoftwareData Management Software

Database Management Software Database Management Software (DBMS)(DBMS)– Database (collection of related files)Database (collection of related files)– Relational (tables with records & fields)Relational (tables with records & fields)– Object-oriented (records manipulated using Object-oriented (records manipulated using

methods)methods)

File structureFile structure– Fields and data typesFields and data types

SQL (Structured Query Language)SQL (Structured Query Language)– Natural query languageNatural query language– Query by example (QBE)Query by example (QBE)

Graphics SoftwareGraphics Software

Use to create, display, modify, Use to create, display, modify, manipulate and print graphicsmanipulate and print graphicsPaint software:Paint software: realistic art and realistic art and photosphotosPhoto Editing software:Photo Editing software: simplifies simplifies common editing taskscommon editing tasksDrawing software:Drawing software: uses vector figures uses vector figures & shapes to create “cartoon-like” & shapes to create “cartoon-like” images.images.

Graphics SoftwareGraphics Software

3-D Graphics software:3-D Graphics software: create wireframes and then create wireframes and then cover with a texturecover with a textureCAD (computer-aided CAD (computer-aided design):design): 3-D software 3-D software designed for architects and designed for architects and engineersengineersPresentation software:Presentation software: creates electronic slides like creates electronic slides like thesethese

Business SoftwareBusiness Software

Accounting & FinanceAccounting & Finance– Personal financePersonal finance– Tax preparationTax preparation– Small business accountingSmall business accounting

Vertical MarketVertical Market– Hospitals, construction, schoolsHospitals, construction, schools

Horizontal MarketHorizontal Market– Generic like payrollGeneric like payroll– Project managementProject management

GroupwareGroupware– Help collaboration on group projectsHelp collaboration on group projects

License vs. CopyrightLicense vs. Copyright

Software License:Software License: a legal contract that a legal contract that defines the ways in which you may use defines the ways in which you may use a computer program.a computer program.Copyright:Copyright: a form of legal protection that a form of legal protection that grants the author of an original work an grants the author of an original work an exclusive right to copy, distribute, sell exclusive right to copy, distribute, sell and modify that work.and modify that work.Software piracySoftware piracyFor contract to take effect:For contract to take effect:– Open a shrink-wrap license productOpen a shrink-wrap license product– Agree to an installation agreementAgree to an installation agreement

Types of Copyright ProtectionsTypes of Copyright Protections

Shareware:Shareware: try before you try before you buy on the honor systembuy on the honor systemFreeware:Freeware: no fee - can use, no fee - can use, but not alter or sellbut not alter or sellOpen Source:Open Source: uncompiled uncompiled source code that can be source code that can be changed - sold or freechanged - sold or freePublic Domain:Public Domain: can be can be copied, altered and resoldcopied, altered and resold

Computer SoftwareComputer Software

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