Computing and CISE

Jeannette M. WingAssistant Director

Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate

National Science FoundationOctober 2, 2008

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Computer

EngineeringScience

Informationand

and

“Computing”

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Computing Technology (R)Evolution

1935 1946 2008Credit: Apple, Inc.

Credit: Plamen Petrov

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Economic Impact

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Social Impact

Computing:Automation of Abstractions

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MapReduce

GFS, BigTable,

Chubby

Search

Server Farm

PageRank

Reliability, File Systems, Operating Systems, Consensus

Distributed Systems, Networking, Storage Systems

Programming Languages,Software Engineering

Algorithms, Data Structures

Natural Language Processing,Text and Information Retrieval, User Interfaces

Electronics, Digital Circuits, Signal Processing

Computer Architecture, Parallel Computing

Layers of Abstraction

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Larry Page

Garcia-Molina (NAE) 0707464, 0735129, 0430448, 0624725, 0331640, 0324431, 03222975,0208683, 0087158,

0085896, 9817799,9811992, 9411306, 8914963,

8420948, 8505194, 8351616, 8303146, 8019393

Photos used with permission

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The Google search engine was developed as part of the project. It is now a company (www.google.com)

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Drivers of Computing

Science

Society

Technology

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Moore’s Law Ending

Nano Quantum

“Economical Fabrication of Quantum Dot-Electronics Using Biofunctionalized Protein Nanotubes as Building Blocks,” Matsui, CUNY, NSF CCF CAREER award (2002-07).

Bio-Nano-Quantum

Bio

Credit: myops.orgCredit: Oxford University

Credit: Tainano, Inc.

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More Technology Trends

Devices

Information1.8 zettabytes = 1,800,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes

Communication

Credit: Nature

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Drivers of Computing

Science

Society

Technology

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Societal Trends

Diversity in Classes

High Expectations

24/7, 100%, anyone, anything, anytime, anywhere

Diversity in Numbers

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Drivers of Computing

Science

Society

Technology• What is computable?• P = NP?• (How) can we build complex systems simply?• What is intelligence?• What is information?

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Science Questions

• What is computable (efficiently)?

• P = NP?

• (How) can we build complex systems simply?

• What is intelligence?

• What is information?

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Computer and Information Science and Engineering

• Science– P = NP?– What is computable?– What is information?– What is intelligence?– How to build complex systems

simply?

• Engineering– Design, build, analyze, and maintain

hardware and software systems– Constrained by the physical world

• Mother Nature, The Human User, The Attacker

– Unconstrained in the virtual world• Unique and inherent power of software

New Technology and New Applications

Driven By

Create Innovations In

IIS

CCF CNS

Foundations Systems

Users/Appl’ns

CISE

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Example CISE Research

Systems with immediate societal impactE.g., human computation (CAPTCHAs), virtual colonoscopy, quality-of-life robots, cognitive tutoring systems, computational photography, …

Randomized algorithmsCryptography, on-line algorithms, signal processing, coding theory,distributed computing, massive data streams, networking, privacy, quantum computing, …

Statistical machine learningNatural language processing, robotics, speech, vision, …,astronomy, biology, neuroscience, …, epidemiology, finance, …

Software model checkingVerification, debugging, testing, cybersecurity

modelchecker

finite statemachine

yes

counter-example

Sensor netsAppln’s to agriculture, ecology, physical infrastructure,transportation, urban areas, water, …

Credit: University of Utah, Carnegie Mellon University, Arthur Sanderson at RPI, SDSS

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CISE Priorities

• Computing Fundamentals– Core: CCF, CNS, IIS– Cross-cutting

• Cyber-Physical Systems

• Data-intensive Computing

• Network Science and Engineering

• Trustworthy Computing

• Foundation-wide Initiatives– Cyber-enabled Discovery and Innovation– Science and Engineering Beyond Moore’s Law– Adaptive Systems Technology

PCAST/NITRD Priority #1

Also PCAST/NITRD Priorities

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CISE Funding

• FY 2008– CISE request totaled $574 million, a 9 % increase over FY

2007– Appropriation is $535 million, only a 1.5% increase– Loss of $39 million

• FY2009– CISE Request totals $639 million– It reflects a $104 million increase, or 19.5 % over FY 2008

level

• CISE investments fully supports the America COMPETES Act

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CISE Funding

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Coordinated and Cross-Directorate Research Programs

• Rationale: To inform PIs of the breadth of interests across CISE, to de-confuse, to help plan PI proposal writing, to be timely and nimble to new ideas, and to improve the review process.

CNS IISCCF

•Algorithmic F’ns•Communications and Information F’ns•Software and Hardware F’ns

Core

• Human-Centered • Information Integra- tion & Informatics• Robust Intelligence

Core

• Computer Systems• Network Systems

Core

Cross-Cutting

•Data-intensive Computing•Network Science and Engineering•Trustworthy Computing•(Cyber-Physical Systems)

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Expeditions

• Bold, creative, visionary, high-risk ideas

• Whole >> part i

• FY08: 4 awards, each at $10M for 5 years– 122 LOI, 75 prelim, 20 final, 7 reverse site visits

• Awards– Computational Sustainability, Gomes, Cornell, Bowdoin,

Conservation Fund, Howard, OSU, Pac. Northwest Nat’l Lab– Intractability, Arora, Princeton, Rutgers, NYU, IAS– Molecular Programming, Winfrey, Cal Tech and UW– Open Programmable Mobile Internet, McKeown, Stanford

i

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CDI: Cyber-Enabled Discovery and Innovation

• Paradigm shift– Not just our metal tools (transistors and wires) but also our mental tools

(abstractions and methods)

• It’s about partnerships and transformative research.– To innovate in/innovatively use computational thinking; and– To advance more than one science/engineering discipline.

• Three dimensions– From Data to Knowledge– Understanding Complexity in Natural, Built, and Social Systems– Virtual Organizations

• FY08: $47.9M for 36 awards– 1900 LOIs, 1300 preliminary proposals, 200 final proposals

Computational Thinking for Science and Engineering

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CISE Education Programs

• CPATH (FY07 $6M, FY08 $5M, FY09 $5M)

– Goal: Revisiting undergraduate computer science curricula

– Award types: Community Building and Institutional Transformation

– FY08-09: Enlarge scope to include outreach to K-12

• Broadening Participation in Computing (FY07 $13.5M, FY08 $14M, FY09 $14M)

– Focus: Women, underrepresented minorities, people with disabilities

– Award types: Alliances and Demo Projects

– FY08: Special projects on image of computing and tr-envisioning the Computer Science AP exam

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Others

Please see website www.cise.nsf.gov for full list.

• Creative IT, CRCNS, DataNet, HECURA, Multi-core, …• Research infrastructure: CRI, MRI

• …

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CISE Top 3 Challenges

• Unbalanced academia-industry-gov’t IT ecosystem - Reasons: - Increase in PI population (more junior faculty) in past 5 years - Dramatic decline in DARPA funding for basic, open research in CS - Loss of industrial basic research labs, e.g., Bell Labs, Xerox PARC - Consequences: - Losing competitiveness - Increase in proposal pressure from PI community - Strains merit review process, low success rate, staff overload - SOME CRITICAL BASIC RESEARCH IS NOT BEING DONE!

• Maintaining balance between innovation&technology and science - Need to trailblaze and pave

• IT workforce demand outpaces supply - Reasons: - Growth in IT jobs and new positions - Decline in enrollment in CS, especially by women and underrepresented minorities - Consequences: - Losing competitiveness - Losing IT-skilled workforce

NSF87%

Other Federal Support

13%

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Why Computing?• Advances in computing change the way we live, work,

learn, and communicate.• Advances in computing drive advances in nearly all other

fields.• Advances in computing power our economy

– Recent example: Google. Brin and Page were funded by NSF.– Not just through the growth of the IT industry, but through Multifactor

Productivity Growth throughout the economy.

• Advances in computing are the cornerstone of our national security.

• Computing is a field of huge intellectual opportunity.• Computing is where the jobs are.

– 59% of projected S&E job openings and 71% of projected new S&E jobs for 2004-2014 are for computer specialists [NBLS’05]

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Drivers of Computing

Science

Society

Technology• What is computable?• P = NP?• (How) can we build complex systems simply?• What is intelligence?• What is information?

Thank you!

CPATH

CISE Pathways to Revitalized Undergraduate Computing Education

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CPATH Overview• Vision

– Transform undergrad computing education on a national scale

– Meet workforce needs, create multi-disciplinary pathways for diverse students

• First competition in 2007, just finished 2008 awards• Types of projects

– Community Building – Institutional Transformation

• Conceptual Development and Planning • Transformative Implementation – Institutional implementation• Adoption and Extension – takes proven national models to diverse group

of institutions

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CPATH Funding • 2007 - 29 projects funded (8 TI & AE; 21CB) – 42 awards

– $6M CPATH funds– $5M Educational opportunity funds– Focus on seeding communities around innovative ideas

• 2008 – 15 projects (7 CDP, 2 TI, 7 CB) – 17 awards– $5M CPATH funds– Focus on planning for implementation of best ideas

CPATH projects in 25 states

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Institutional Transformation Awards

TI and EAE awards – large scale implementation of new innovation or extension of model

• Integrating concurrency throughout the UG program (Purdue)

• Building systems of systems (Penn State/Georgia State)

• Informatics and computation – research and liberal arts models (U. Illinois, Lafayette and Union Colleges, Brown)

• Entrepreneurship (Ohio State, Stony Brook, Hofstra)

• Active learning (Clemson, Washington U)

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Institutional Transformation Planning

Conceptual Development and Planning awards – curricular, administrative, and institutional infrastructure readiness for innovation

• Computational Thinking across disciplines (Towson, Fairmont State, U. Nebraska, UTEP)

• Sustainability, power consumption, green computing (Michigan Tech)

• Meeting industry needs (Middle Tennessee)

• Integrating biology and computing (Penn State – involves 14 academic disciplines)

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Community Building Awards• Communities based on

– curricular approaches– pedagogical approaches– regional needs– computing in multiple disciplines

• Examples– Adapting “Studio-based” model from architecture (Wash. St, Auburn, U.

Hawaii) Builds 3 regional communities, links them, model now under implementation at multiple site in Hawaii

– Incorporating “Computational Thinking” across the curriculum (DePaul, Utah State, Purdue, VPI) – new course at Purdue and VPI this year!

– Northwest Distributed CS Department – faculty in small colleges in Northwest share resources and expertise to bring innovation to the region

– A wide range of areas: digital media, open source software, performing arts, robotics, social networks, industry connections

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CPATH Impact and DirectionsImpact in first 2 years• Raised the national consciousness about transformation of computing

education

• Funded implementation of innovative modes at a number of geographic areas and institution types

• Established collaborations with many disciplines to foster new pathways that will broaden the scope of undergraduate computing

Future Directions for CPATH• Community building efforts develop into longer term collaborative

institutional implementations across the country

• Diverse institutions adopt or adapt transformative models shown to be effective; new multi-disciplinary pathways that blur traditional computing boundaries are open for all students

• Computational thinking is fundamentally woven into all CPATH projects and undergrad computing education across the nation

• Sound programmatic evaluation by private evaluation contractor shows impact of CPATH and its role in meeting America Competes and ACI goals

BPC

Broadening Participation in Computing

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CISE BPC Program

Goal: To have all of our diverse population fully participating in computing research and education.

Initial Focus: Increasing the participation of women, African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanics, and persons with disabilities

Award Types:Alliances: large, regional or national collaborations that work across multiple underrepresented groups and multiple stages in the academic pipeline

Demonstration Projects: smaller, focused projects that develop novel interventions that can be replicated across an Alliance

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BPC Alliances: Examples

• STARS– National constellation of 20 participating universities and

their partners.

• AccessComputing– People with disabilities

• ARTSI– Robotics

• Into the Loop– LA school district

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STARS Alliance Teresa Dahlberg, PI

Original Members New Members

UNC, Charlotte Virginia Tech Spelman Hampton University USF, Lakeland Shaw University Georgia Tech Univ of South Carolina NC State Georgia Southern Johnson C. Smith Univ of New Orleans Landmark College Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville Meredith College NC A&T Auburn St. Augustine’s College

Florida State Florida A&M

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STARS Student Leadership Corps (SLC)

– Civic engagement and community service change the image of computing from a machine-centered field to a people-centered field.

– Mentoring support and build community among students.

– Internships, early research experiences, and hands-on training increase competence, confidence, and interest in computing.

– Leadership, professional development, and teamwork provide soft skills needed to succeed in the computing workforce.

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STARS SLC Students

Attend a joint, annual “Celebration” featuring professional development and research presentations

Participate throughout the year in• Service learning projects • Undergrad research • Outreach to K-12

Reached 3,615 K-16 students (plus 749 parents,

teachers, counselors and administrators) with outreach activities.

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AccessComputing AllianceRichard Ladner, PI

• Support local and regional workshops, academies, capacity-building institutes and internships to recruit and retain students with disabilities in computing

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AccessComputing

• Help departments, professional organizations, and BPC Alliances make their activities accessible to students with disabilities.

• Create collaborations among individuals with disabilities, computing professionals, faculty, employers, professional organizations, and disability service providers.

• Create a resource for students and other stakeholders that includes research, data, and best practices to support the inclusion of people with disabilities in computing fields

• Collateral benefit: Contributed to the development of an active group of faculty and students (both with and without disabilities) who are involved in researchin assistive technology.

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ARTSI AllianceAndrew Williams, PI

HBCUs Research I Institutions

Spelman CMU Hampton Georgia Tech Florida A&M Brown D.C. University Duke Morgan State Alabama Norfolk State UW Winston-Salem State Pittsburgh Arkansas-Pine Bluff

Research Centers Quality of Life Technology (QoLT) Engineering Research Center, CMU & Pittsburgh Center for Innovative Robotics, CMU Institute for Personal Robots in Education (IPRE), and Center for Healthcare Robots, Georgia Tech

Industry Partners Educational Partners

Seagate, Microsoft Research, iRobot, Juxtopia

Florida-Georgia LSAMP, CSTA

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ARTSI Activities

• Outreach to high schools• Summer camps• Robotics Olympiad• Materials for HBCU’s

robotics curricula• REU and peer team

research projects

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ARTSI REU & Peer Team Research Projects

Touretzky (CMU): Tekkotsu programming framework for mobile robots

Nourbakhsh/DiSalvo (CMU): Art-based toolkits for engaging K-12 students

Howard (Georgia Tech): teleoperated assistive robots in home environment

Jenkins (Brown): Online robotics gaming

Forbes (Duke): Low cost robotic architectures

Anderson (Alabama): Teams of sensor-enabled robots for search and monitoring

Fox (UW): Probabilistic methods and machine learning for robotics

QoLCenter (CMU & Pitt): Technology for people with reduced functional capabilities

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Into the LoopJane Margolis, PI

High schools are failing our students

– Many (especially low resourced) HSs teach only keyboarding.– Few HSs have any college prep CS courses & those that do teach

the Java AP course.– Java AP is an intense programming and data structures course that

does not teach the breadth of CS, its intrinsic problem solving focus, nor its immediate application to many of today’s societal ills.

– The number of college-bound students expressing an interest in majoring in CS has declined more than 60% since 2000.

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Into the Loop

• Develop new pre-AP university-approved CS course that will engage a diverse group of HS students

• Conduct bridge and support programs for HS students and their teachers

• Work to change policies that prevent high-level learning opportunities for students of color

• Partner with other efforts nationally

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Demonstration Project: New Visions / New Voices

Glenn Bresnahan, PI

Combines Native American culture and art with a high-technology, computer-rich environment to engage Native American students in computer and computational science.

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BPC Current Challenges

• Better reach the communities least ready to participate in BPC: Native Americans and Persons with Disabilities

• Incorporate a K-12 focus• Restructure solicitation for Alliances so that they can

continue growth• Nail the assessments of these projects

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Credits

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