Concept of a Region

5th year GeographyMs Carr

Identify the different types of Identify the different types of regions that regions that

are present in the world todayare present in the world today

Understand that some regions Understand that some regions are defined by characteristics are defined by characteristics that people are unable to that people are unable to change, such as climate and change, such as climate and geomorphologygeomorphology

Discuss that regions are also Discuss that regions are also defined by boundaries that defined by boundaries that are not visible, created by are not visible, created by people’s beliefs or attitudespeople’s beliefs or attitudes

Learning Outcome

What is a Region?

• A area of the earth’s surface that has certain boundaries or characteristics that set it apart.

• Characteristics;• Physical Landscape• Climate• Culture• Government• Economy

• Boundaries and extent of some regions may change over time.

• Regions can vary in size– Wexford County Council– Sahel region of Africa

Learning Outcome

• Recap…What is a Region?• Finish pair-work activity….Regions??• Discuss general points on Climatic regions.• Note-taking task from textbook, identifying

key-points.• Read and understand sample answer on

climatic regions.

Pairwork

• What regions can you think of??

CLIMATIC REGIONConcept of a Region

Climatic Region

• Climate is the average weather across a large area, over a long period of time.

• Many different climates worldwide• Cover large areas & several countries

Climates

• Different;–Temperature–Precipitation–Soil Type–Weather

Systems

• Influence;–Flora–Fauna–Population

Case Study

• Cool Temperate Oceanic Climate

• Textbook page 231

• Note 10 SRP’s on cool temperate oceanic, as a climatic region.

Learning Intention

• Recap on climatic regions.• Examine a case study of a Geomorphological

region- The Burren. Read a sample answer.• Identify the key points on a 2nd example-

North European Plain.• Compare two Administrative regions.

Pairwork Quick Questions

• What is a region?• Define the term ‘climate.’• List the three main characteristics of a cool

temperate oceanic climate.• Name the ocean current that influences Ireland’s

climate.• What is frontal rain?• Name five countries affected by this type of

climate.

GEOMORPHOLOGICAL REGIONConcept of a Region

Physical / Geomorphological Region

• World landscapes are varied.• Tectonic processes have shaped the landscape

in many ways.

Physical / Geomorphological Regions

• Are defined by;

–Relief–Rock Type–Rock Structure–Drainage Patterns

Case Studies

• Karst Landscape, Burren, Co Clare

• North European Plain

• Textbook page 232

Karst Landscape

• The Burren is an area of exposed ____________ _________________.

• The main processes of erosion active in the Burren are; __________ & ____________.

• Surface features found in the Burren include; __________, _____________, ____________ & _______________.

• Many _____________ features are also found including ____________ such as ______________ , ______________ & ___________________.

North European Plain

• Note five key points on the North European Plain.

• Textbook page 232

ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONConcept of a Region

Administrative Regions

• Defined by governments.

• Aim;– manage smaller areas more efficiently– Reflect the interests of the local community

• Examples;– County Councils– Regional Authorities

Comparison Study of Two Administrative Regions

Irish Local Government

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French Departements

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Cultural- Language Regions

GaeltachtBelgium

See Separate Powerpoints

CULTURAL- RELIGIOUS REGIONSNORTHERN IRELAND / ISLAMIC WORLD

Concept of a Region

Northern Ireland

Two distinct religious groups Both groups aspire to rule

themselves differently Catholic or Protestant Created a lot of violence in the

North Tensions particularly strong in cities

such as Belfast or Derry, where both communities live in close proximity.

Catholics

Catholics are the minority group Most are Nationalists, who want to rule

themselves as separate from Britain Separatists

Protestants

Protestants are in the majority

Most are Unionists, they want to continue

union with Britain

Their ancestors have lived in Ireland since the

plantations

Extreme unionists are known as Loyalists

Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland was established in 1920 , under the

Government of Ireland Act 1920.

Unionist majority took power

Catholics experienced discrimination

Housing

Jobs

Police Force

The Troubles

Violence in the North reached its peak during

the 1960s civil rights campaigns

Troubles lasted for 30 years

Over 3,500 people were killed during this

period

Now....

A ceasefire now exists Good Friday Agreement of 1998 Stormont Power-Sharing Assembly established

Deep divisions still remain 92% of children attend schools of their given

religion In 2010, there were only 61 integrated schools

Exam Question

• Describe the importance of culture in defining any region studied by you. (30m)

The Islamic World

Class Activity

• Read Textbook page 237 & 238 on the Islamic World.

• Focus on the key points and study them carefully.

Islamic World

Based on the teachings of the ____________

_____________ . Followers of Islam are called ______________. Two areas of the world where Islam is common are

__________________ & _________________________. Holy book of Islam is called the ________________. Holy city is _____________. _____________ _____________ religion in the world. _______________followers in 2010. __________% of the world’s population.

Influences all areas of people’s lives. ______________ &

______________ are forbidden.

Women tend to have a more traditional role. They often

wear _____________ and ______________ marriages are

common.

In 2009 there were around ___________ Muslims in

Ireland.

Main place of worship is the _____________.

Ireland’s main one is in _______________ , Dublin.

Socio- Economic Regions

-Core-Peripheral

-Industrial Decline

Core Regions

• Dominant• Majority of trade,

industry, government influence.

• Inward migration• High population

density• High standard of living

• Examples;

–Dublin Region–Paris Basin

Peripheral Regions

• Less developed• Outward migration• Difficult climate &

landscape• High unemployment• Overdependent on

primary economic activities

• Marginal location

• Examples;

–West of Ireland–Mezzogiorno

Regions of Industrial Decline

Irish Example

• Greater Cork Area

European Example

• Sambre-Meuse Valley

Greater Cork Area• 1970’s industrial growth- low-lying land, deep port.• Traditional industries- Brewing, Shipbuilding.• 1980’s rationalisation, factory closures. (Ford,

Verholme shipyard)• 5,500 job loses.• Deindustrialisation.• 1990’s improvement- government investment &

planning.• Investment of modern growth industries- Pfizer &

Apple.

Sambre- Meuse Valley

• Textbook page 240 & 241

• Answer the following question based on this case study;

– ‘Some regions have experienced industrial decline.’ Discuss the causes and effects of economic decline with reference to an example that you have studied. (30m)

URBAN / NODAL REGIONS- DUBLIN & PARIS

Concept of a Region

Urban / Nodal Regions

• High population density

• Inward migration• Focus of

routeways- nodal point

• Multi-functional

• Examples;

–Dublin–Paris

Type of Region Name Detail 1 Detail 2

Physical (Climatic)

Physical (Geomorphic) [Ir]

Physical (Geomorphic) [Eur]Administrative [Ir]

Administrative[Eur]

Cultural (Language) [Ir]

Cultural (Language) [Eur]

Cultural (Religious) [Ir]

Cultural (Religious) [Eur]

Socio-Economic (Core) [Ir]

Socio-Economic (Core) [Eur]Socio-Economic (Peripheral) [Ir]Socio-Economic (Peripheral) [Eur]Socio-Economic (Industrial Decline[Ir]

Socio-Economic (Industrial Decline) [Eur]Urban[Ir]

Urban[Eur]