SOCIOLOGY

TOPIC :Concept of Development, Human Development Index and Its Parameters.

By: Sajal Shukla

The Concept of Development

Concepts and measurement in political science

• Concept–Core idea –Usually a variable

• “Operationalization”

• Example: development

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The Concept of Development

• Socio-economic aspects

• Political aspects

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Socio-economic aspects of development

• Wealth production• Provision of basic needs• Improvement in quality of life• Equality

Wealth production

– Possible indicator:• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per

capita– Total value of final goods and services

produced

• Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) basis– Basket of goods

Provision of basic needs

– Possible indicator:• Clean water

– % of people with piped water in home

Improvement in quality of life

– Possible indicator:• Human Development Index (HDI)• Green GDP

Equality

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Political aspects of development

• Maintenance of stability

• State capacity

• Democracy

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Definition of Stability

• Maintenance of stability

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Definition of state capacity

• Ability of state to– penetrate society– regulate social relationships– extract resources– use them in intended ways

– Possible indicators• Ability of state to collect taxes

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Definition of democracy

• Political Rights

• Civil Liberties

The Concept Of Human Development

What Is An Index?

An index is a composite of indicators that produces a single calculation which can then be ranked.

Human Development Index (HDI)

Why HDI ???

• Human development is both an outcome and a process of enlarging people’s choices to lead lives they value;

• Economic growth is only a means, though an important one, for human development.

Significance Of HDI

• Is an index used to rank countries by level of ‘Human Development’,

• Broadened prism for viewing human progress,

• Governments often look at the HDI as an instrument for assessing their performance against that of neighbouring countries,

• A snapshot of average national performance in human development,

• Useful entry point into the rich information contained in the subsequent indicator tables on different aspects of human development.

Origin Of HDI

• First developed in 1990 by a Pakistani economist Mahbubul Haq and India born American nobel laureate Amartya Sen.

Dimensions Of HDI

Dimensions and Indicators

Data Sources Of HDI

Calculation of HDI

HDI RANKINGS

INDIA : A FEW FACTS

• 7th Largest Country By Area And 2nd by Population.

• 12th largest Economy at Market Exchange Rate and 4th Largest By PPP.

• INDIA’s Rank is 119th In the HDI table.

Criticism Against HDI

• HDI is not a comprehensive measure of human development, its focus on the three basic dimensions.

• The index is composed of long-term human development outcomes.

• It is an average measure and thus masks a series of disparities and inequalities within countries.

• It cannot provide a complete picture of human development in any situation.

Success Of HDI

• Focus on the most basic dimension w/ universal value ( the most comprehensive, the weaker attracted attentions !! )

• Though still contested by some of its validity, widely accepted – powerful advocate.

• Generate healthy competition and create political will for change.

• Identify priority indicators for further development and weakness in existing data ( Philippines official statistics ).

• Spur the construction of other indices.

Limitations Of HDI

• Only focuses on 3 dimensions of capabilities.

• Not designed to assess in human development over a short term period.

• It does not account for variations in human development with in the country.

•Countries having same HDI may be different in how HDI is distributed.

•Hampered by lack of relevant data.

Conclusion

THANK YOU!

SOURCES: SIHFW, GooGle Images, Wikipedia, Concept Of Development By Susan Whiting.

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