CONCEPTS OF RADIOLOGIC SCIENCE

Mass and

Energy

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter contained in

or constituting a physical body

Energy is the capacity or power to do work, such as the capacity

to move an object (of a given mass) by the

application of force. Energy can exist in a variety of forms

ENERGY TYPES:

• POTENTIAL

• KINETIC

• CHEMICAL

• ELECTRICAL

• NUCLEAR

• THERMAL

• ELECTROMAGNETIC

POTENTIAL ENERGY

KINETIC ENERGY

KINETIC VS POTENTIAL

Energy can not be destroyed or created !!!

It can be transformed from one form to another

CHEMICAL ENERGY

THERMAL ENERGY

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

NUCLEAR ENERGY

NUCLEAR ENERGY

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

MEMBERS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

ENERGY TRANSFERELECTRICAL TO

ELECTROMAGNETIC (LIGHT)

ENERGY TRANSFERMECHANICAL TO ELECTRICAL

RADIATION IS THE TRANSFER OF ENERGY

IONIZATION PROCESS

REMOVAL OF AN ELECTRON FROM AN ATOM

Ionization

SOURCES OF IONIZING RADIATION

• COSMIC

• TERRESTRIAL

• INTERNAL

• MEDICAL X-RAYS

• NUCLEAR MEDICINE

• CONSUMER PRODUCTS

• NUCLEAR POWER---INDUSTRIAL

NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION

• COSMIC

• TERRESTRIAL

• INTERNAL

COSMIC

TERRESTRIAL

INTERNAL

POTASSIUM 40

MAN MADE IONIZING RADIATION

SOURCES

• MEDICAL X-RAYS

• NUCLEAR MEDICINE

• CONSUMER PRODUCTS

• NUCLEAR POWER---INDUSTRIAL

THE CONTRIBUTION OF VARIOUS SOURCES TO THE AVERAGE US

POPULATION RADIATION DOSE

RADON THE LARGEST SOURCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION

RADON MOVEMENT

RADON EMITS ALPHA PARTICLE

RADON INTERNAL EXPOSURE

RADON EXTERNAL EXPOSURE

NOVEMBER 8, 1895 ROENTGEN DISCOVERED X-RAYS IN HIS

LAB IN WURZBURG GERMANY

ROENTGEN EXPERIMENTED WITH CATHODE RAYS USING THE

CROOKE’S TUBE

CROOKE’S TUBE

RADIOGRAPH OF Mrs. ROENTGEN

EARLY DAYS OF RADIOLOGY

CONVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY

PRODUCES STATIC IMAGES

FLUOROSCOPY

PRODUCES DYNAMIC IMAGES

FLUOROSCOPE WAS INVENTED BY THOMAS

EDISON

FIRST X-RAY FATILITY IN THE US

CLARENCE DALLY

LESIONS OF THE FINGERS

CLARENCE DALLY

RADIOLOGY EMERGED AS MEDICAL SPECIALTY BECAUSE OF THE COOLIDGE TUBE AND THE SNOOK TRANSFORMER

COMPONENTS OF X-RAY TUBE

OTHER INVENTIONS IN RADIOLOGY

INTENSIFYING SCREENS

COLLIMATION

FILTRATION

DOUBLE EMULSION FILM

RADIOLOGY IS NOW CONSIDERED SAFE

OCCUPATION

ALARA

AS LOW AS REASONABLY ACHIEVABLE

METHODS OF MINIMIZING EXPOSURE TO THE RT AND PATIENT

• FILTRATION

• COLLIMATION

• INTENSIFYING SCREENS

• PROTECTIVE APPAREL

• SHIELDING

• PROTECTIVE BARRIERS

COLLIMATION

FILTRATION

INTENSIFYING SCREENS

PROTECTIVE APPAREL

GONADAL SHIELDING

GENERAL SHIELDING

PROTECTIVE BARRIERS

FLUOROSCOPY OF THE HORSE

NO SHIELDING??????

RADIOLOGY TODAY