conceptual overview of emerging work stress related constructs

8/13/2019 Conceptual Overview of Emerging Work Stress Related Constructs

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/conceptual-overview-of-emerging-work-stress-related-constructs 1/14

CONCEPTUAL OVERVIEW OF EMERGING WORK

STRESS RELATED CONSTRUCTS – A

MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE

AUTHORS

• Roohi Kursheed Khan. S, Ph.D Scholar, Bharathiar School of Management &

Entrepreneur Development, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore !"#$"!

Email: [email protected] , Ph.no: 9840952 2!• "r. Ru#a $unaseelan, %ssociate Professor, Bharathiar School of Management &

Entrepreneur Development, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore !"#$"!

Email: ru#[email protected] , Ph.no: 9488! 255

ABSTRACT

he pressure on employees for performance an' competition increases 'ay by 'ay in the fast

changing (orl'. his increase in competition has given rise to increase' amount of stress in

in'ivi'uals to outshine others in all the activities they 'o. his paper mainly focuses on the

theme stress, levels of stress, the 'ifferent types of stress, effects of stress an' their outcomes.

he paper emphasi)es the importance of stress management strategies an' helps employees in

han'ling pressure an' gives valuable suggestions to the organi)ations to han'le stresse'

employees. he research (as carrie' out to 'efine ho( an' (hy stress is important an' the

techni*ues an' strategies that shoul' be use' so that they can manage the stress effectively. +or

con'ucting the stu'y many articles an' referre' ournals (ere revie(e'.

Page | 1

mailto:[email protected]






Keywords: Stress, ypes of stress, stress management strategies, outcomes

INTRODUCTION

S%ress is deri&ed 'rom %he (a%in )ord *S%ringere* )hich means %o dra) %igh%. S%ress is a d+namic

condi%ion in )hich an indi&idual is con'ron%ed )i%h an o##or%uni%+, demand or resource rela%ed%o )ha% %he indi&idual desires and 'or )hich %he ou%come is #ercei&ed %o e o%h uncer%ain and

im#or%an% - oo#er e%.al 2002/. S%ress can e #osi%i&e or nega%i&e. S%ress can e #osi%i&e )hen %he

si%ua%ion o''ers an o##or%uni%+ 'or a #erson %o gain some%hing. % ac%s as a mo%i&a%or 'or #ea1

#er'ormance. S%ress can e nega%i&e )hen a #erson 'aces social, #h+sical, organi a%ional and

emo%ional #ro lems.

S%ress is an im#or%an% as#ec% in e&er+ human3s li'e. E&er+ indi&idual ha&e %o use %he s%ress

managemen% %echni ues a% some #oin% o' li'e. S%ress can occur 'or an indi&idual a% %he )or1#laceor i% can e some%hing rela%ed %o his #ersonal li'e.

DEFINITION

S%ress is de'ined as %he #a%%ern o' emo%ional s%a%es and #h+siological reac%ions occurring in

res#onse %o demand 'rom )i%hin or ou%side an organi a%ion3 -$reen erg 6 7aron, 200 Singh,

200 /.

Triggers of stress: ommon e %ernal 'ac%ors include, ;)or1 schedule, #ace o' )or1, jo

securi%+, rou%e %o and 'rom )or1, )or1#lace noise, and %he num er and na%ure o' cus%omers<

-"essler, 20!0, #. 09/. =he in%ernal 'ac%ors included hea&+ or di''icul% )or1 load, )or1ing long

hours, leadershi# -or lac1 %hereo'/, and )or1 en&ironmen% -7ha%%i, >., Shar, ?., Shai1h, ., 6

>a ar, A., 20!0, #. /.

Some o' %he im#or%an% reasons o' S%ress in %he Bor1#lace are as 'ollo)s:

• ear o' o solescence: "ue %o change o' %echnolog+ and uic1 learning o' ne)

%echnolog+.

• ndi&idual and %eam in%erac%ion: n%erac%ion o' anal+s%, de&elo#er and #rojec% manager.

• lien% in%erac%ions: n%erac%ion during usiness anal+sis and s+s%em anal+sis.

Page | 2



• Bor1C'amil+ in%er'ace: =a1ing )or1 home or )or1ing 'or la%e hours.

• Role o&erload: ?ssuming di''eren% roles in a di''eren% or same #rojec%.

• Bor1 cul%ure: =ra&elling a road and 'acing di''eren% cul%ures.

•

=echnical cons%rain%s: (ac1 o' %echnical e #er%ise.• amil+ su##or% %o)ards career: ?%%i%ude and rela%ion o' %he 'amil+ %o)ards )or1.

• Bor1load: E cessi&e and di&erse )or1.

• =echnical ris1 #ro#ensi%+: Ris1 due %o using inno&a%i&e %echnolog+ or #rocess.

LEVELS OF STRESS =here are %)o %+#es o' le&els. =he+ are

EUSTRESS

S%ress resul%ing 'rom #leasan% e&en%s or condi%ions is called eus%ress. % can e de'ined as a

#leasan% or cura%i&e s%ress. Be canD% al)a+s a&oid s%ress, in 'ac%, some%imes )e donD% )an% %o.

'%en, i% is con%rolled s%ress %ha% gi&es us our com#e%i%i&e edge in #er'ormance rela%ed ac%i&i%ies

li1e a%hle%ics, gi&ing a s#eech, or ac%ing.

DISTRESS

S%ress resul%ing 'rom un#leasan% e&en%s or condi%ions is called dis%ress.

BAD STRESS

' a s%imulus )e reac% %o is nega%i&e, )e are ac%uall+ 'eeling ;dis%ress< %hough )e la el i% as

s%ress. e. g. dea%h o' a close 'riend, rela%i&e e%c.

ACUTE STRESS

Page | 3



?cu%e s%ress is usuall+ 'or shor% %ime and ma+ e due %o )or1 #ressure, mee%ing deadlines

#ressure or minor acciden%, o&er e er%ion, increased #h+sical ac%i&i%+, searching some%hing or

mis#laced i%, or similar %hings.

CHRONIC STRESS

hronic s%ress is a #rolonged s%ress %ha% e is%s 'or )ee1s, mon%hs, or e&en +ears. =his s%ress is

due %o #o&er%+, ro1en or s%ressed 'amilies and marriages, chronic illness and successi&e 'ailures

in li'e. Peo#le su''ering 'rom %his %+#e o' s%ress ge% used %o i% and ma+ e&en no% reali e %ha% %he+

are under chronic s%ress. % is &er+ harm'ul %o %heir heal%h. 7o%h dis%ress and eus%ress elici% %he

same #h+siological res#onses in %he od+. Bhile s%ress ma+ no% al)a+s e nega%i&e, our

res#onses %o i% can e #ro lema%ic or unheal%h+. 7o%h #osi%i&e and nega%i&e s%ress'ul si%ua%ions

#lace e %ra demands on %he od+F+our od+ reac%s %o an une #ec%ed change or a highl+

emo%ional e #erience, regardless o' )he%her %his change is good or ad. ' %he dura%ion o' s%ress

is rela%i&el+ shor%, %he o&erall e''ec% is minimal and +our od+ )ill res%, rene) i%sel', and re%urn

%o normal.

Types of stress

? managemen% consul%an% and con'erence s#ea1er ased in ali'ornia, "r. Karl ?l rech%.& is a

#ioneer in %he de&elo#men% o' s%ressCreduc%ion %raining #rogrammes. Ge de'ined 'our common

%+#es o' s%ress in his !9H9 oo1, *S%ress and %he Aanager .*

Albrec t!s fo"r co##o$ types of stress %re:

•

=ime s%ress• ?n%ici#a%or+ s%ress

• Si%ua%ional s%ress

• Encoun%er s%ress

Page | 4

http://www.amazon.com/Stress-Manager-Making-Work-For/dp/0913351245/ref=sr_1_6?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1340293742&sr=1-6&keywords=stress+and+the+manager

http://www.amazon.com/Stress-Manager-Making-Work-For/dp/0913351245/ref=sr_1_6?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1340293742&sr=1-6&keywords=stress+and+the+manager



Ti#e Stress

E&er+ indi&idual e #eriences %ime s%ress )hen %he+ )orr+ a ou% %ime. )e )orr+ a ou% %he

num er o' %hings %ha% )e ha&e %o do, and )e 'ear %ha% )eDll 'ail %o achie&e some%hing im#or%an%.Be migh% 'eel %ra##ed, unha##+, or e&en ho#eless.

ommon e am#les o' %ime s%ress include )orr+ing a ou% deadlines or rushing %o a&oid eing la%e

'or a mee%ing.

&%$%gi$g Ti#e Stress

% is essen%ial %o learn ho) %o manage %his %+#e o' s%ress i' )eDre going %o )or1 #roduc%i&el+ in a

us+ organi a%ion. irs%, learn good %ime managemen% s1ills. =his can include using =oC"o

(is%s or, i' )e ha&e %o manage man+ simul%aneous #rojec%s, ?c%ion Programs . >e %, ma1e sure

%ha% )eDre de&o%ing enough %ime %o our im#or%an% #riori%ies. In'or%una%el+, i%Ds eas+ %o ge% caug

u# in seemingl+ urgen% %as1s )hich ac%uall+ ha&e li%%le im#ac% on our o&erall o jec%i&es. =his can

lea&e us 'eeling e haus%ed, or 'eeling %ha% )e )or1ed a 'ull da+ +e% accom#lished no%hing

meaning'ul. ur im#or%an% %as1s are usuall+ %he ones %ha% )ill hel# +ou reach our goals, and

)or1ing on %hese #rojec%s is a e%%er use o' our %ime. ur ar%icle on=he Irgen%J m#or%an%

Aa%ri e #lains ho) %o alance urgen% and im#or%an% %as1s, and our ar%icle

on #riori%i a%ion hel#s us %o se#ara%e %as1s %ha% )e need %o 'ocus on 'rom %hose )e can sa'el+ #u% o''.

' )e o'%en 'eel %ha% )e donD% ha&e enough %ime %o com#le%e all o' our %as1s, )e mus% learn

%o crea%e more %ime in our da+. =his hel#s us %o 'ocus on our mos% im#or%an% %as1s .)e mus% also

ma1e sure %ha% )eDre #oli%e u%asser%i&e a ou% sa+ing *no* %o %as1s %ha% )e donD% ha&e %he

ca#aci%+ %o do.

A$ticip%tory Stress

?n%ici#a%or+ s%ress is %he s%ress %ha% )e e #erience on concerning %he 'u%ure. Some%imes %his

s%ress can e 'ocused on a s#eci'ic e&en%, such as an u#coming #resen%a%ion %ha% )eDre going %o

Page | 5

http://www.mindtools.com/pages/main/newMN_HTE.htm


http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newHTE_05.htm








http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/creating-time.htm


http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/Assertiveness.htm

http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCS_92.htm











http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/Assertiveness.htm




gi&e. Go)e&er, an%ici#a%or+ s%ress can also e &ague and unde'ined, such as an o&erall sense o'

dread a ou% %he 'u%ure, or a )orr+ %ha% *some%hing )ill go )rong.*

&%$%gi$g A$ticip%tory Stress

?n%ici#a%or+ s%ress is 'u%ure ased, s%ar%s + recogni ing %ha% %he e&en% )eDre dreading doesnD%

ha&e %o #la+ ou% as )e imagine

Research sho)s %ha% our mind o'%en canD% %ell %he di''erence, on a asic neurological le&el,

e%)een a si%ua%ion %ha% )eD&e &isuali ed going )ell re#ea%edl+ and one %ha%Ds ac%uall+ ha##ened.

or %his %echni ues li1e medi%a%ion )ill hel# +ou de&elo# 'ocus and %he a ili%+ %o concen%ra%e on

)ha%Ds ha##ening righ% no), ra%her %han on an imagined 'u%ure.

or e am#le, )e migh% e s%ressing o&er a #resen%a%ion %ha% )eDre gi&ing ne % )ee1, ecause

)eDre a'raid %ha% our #resen%a%ion )onD% e in%eres%ing. (as%l+, )e mus% learn ho) %o o&ercome

a 'ear o' 'ailure : + ma1ing con%ingenc+ #lans and anal+ ing all o' %he #ossi le ou%comes, )eDll

ge% a clearer idea o' )ha% could ha##en in %he 'u%ure. =his can hel# diminish our 'ear o' 'ailure

and gi&e us a grea%er sense o' con%rol o&er e&en%s.

Sit"%tio$%l Stress

Si%ua%ional s%ress is e #erienced )hen )eDre in a scar+ si%ua%ion %ha% )e ha&e no con%rol o&er.

=his could e an emergenc+. Aore commonl+, ho)e&er, i%Ds a si%ua%ion %ha% in&ol&es con'lic%, or

a loss o' s%a%us or acce#%ance in %he e+es o' our grou#. or ins%ance, ge%%ing laid o'' or ma1ing a

major mis%a1e in 'ron% o' our %eam are e am#les o' e&en%s %ha% can cause si%ua%ional s%ress.

&%$%gi$g Sit"%tio$%l Stress

Si%ua%ional s%ress o'%en a##ears suddenl+, 'or e am#le, +ou migh% ge% caugh% in a si%ua%ion %ha%+ou com#le%el+ 'ailed %o an%ici#a%e. =o manage si%ua%ional s%ress )e mus% learn %o e moresel'C

a)are . =his means recogni ing %he *au%oma%ic* #h+sical and emo%ional signals %ha% our od+

sends ou% )hen )eDre under #ressure.

Page | 6

http://www.amazon.com/Mind-Sculpture-Unlocking-Untapped-Potential/dp/0880642211

http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTCS_79.htm


http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/fear-of-failure.htm


http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_45.htm


http://www.amazon.com/Mind-Sculpture-Unlocking-Untapped-Potential/dp/0880642211







or e am#le, imagine %ha% %he mee%ing +ouDre in suddenl+ dissol&es in%o a shou%ing ma%ch

e%)een %eam mem ers. ur au%oma%ic res#onse is %o 'eel a surge o' an ie%+. Be )i%hdra) in%o

our sel' and, i' someone as1s us 'or in#u%, )e )ill ha&e a di''icul% %ime 1no)ing )ha% %o sa+.

on'lic% is also major source o' si%ua%ional s%ress. Be mus% ado#% e''ec%i&econ'lic% resolu%ion s1ills , so %ha% )eDre )ellC#re#ared %o handle %he s%ress o' con'lic% )hen i% arises. %Ds also

im#or%an% %o learn ho) %o manage con'lic% in mee%ings , since resol&ing grou# con'lic% can e

di''eren% 'rom resol&ing indi&idual issues.

E$co"$ter Stress

Encoun%er s%ress re&ol&es around #eo#le. ou e #erience encoun%er s%ress )hen +ou )orr+ a ou%

in%erac%ing )i%h a cer%ain #erson or grou# o' #eo#le L +ou ma+ no% li1e %hem, or +ou migh% %hin1%ha% %he+Dre un#redic%a le.

Encoun%er s%ress can also occur i' +our role in&ol&es a lo% o' #ersonal in%erac%ions )i%h cus%omers

or clien%s, es#eciall+ i' %hose grou#s are in dis%ress. or ins%ance, #h+sicians and social )or1ers

ha&e high ra%es o' encoun%er s%ress, ecause %he #eo#le %he+ )or1 )i%h rou%inel+ donD% 'eel )ell,

are dee#l+ u#se%.

Effects of stress: =he e''ec%s or %he signs and s+m#%oms o' s%ress are as 'ollo)s:

Stress '%r$i$g Sig$s %$( Sy#pto#s

Cog$iti)e Sy#pto#s E#otio$%l Sy#pto#s

• Aemor+ #ro lems

• na ili%+ %o concen%ra%e

•

Poor judgmen%• Seeing onl+ %he nega%i&e

• ?n ious or racing %hough%s

• ons%an% )orr+ing

• Aoodiness

• rri%a ili%+ or shor% %em#er

•

?gi%a%ion, ina ili%+ %o rela• eeling o&er)helmed

• Sense o' loneliness and isola%ion

• "e#ression or general unha##iness* ysic%l Sy#pto#s Be %)ior%l Sy#pto#s

Page | 7



http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMM_65.htm







• ?ches and #ains

• "iarrhea or cons%i#a%ion

• >ausea, di iness

• hes% #ain, ra#id hear% ea%

• (oss o' se dri&e

• re uen% colds

• Ea%ing more or less

• Slee#ing %oo much or %oo li%%le

• sola%ing +oursel' 'rom o%hers

• Procras%ina%ing or neglec%ing res#onsi ili%ies

• Ising alcohol, cigare%%es, or drugs %o rela

• >er&ous ha i%s -e.g. nail i%ing, #acing/

?ll %hese s+m#%oms )ill ha&e ad&erse e''ec% on an indi&idual and %hese e&en%uall+ lead %o

disru#%ion in %he )or1#lace.

STRESS &ANA+E&ENT STRATE+IES

=he ou%comes o' s%ress can s%ud+ + using %he s%ress managemen% s%ra%egies. =he organi a%ional

s%ra%egies are as 'ollo)s:

ORGANISATIONAL STRATEGIES

S%ress is a 'ac%or %ha% e&er+ od+ has %o con%end )i%h on a dail+ asis o%h in %he )or1 and nonC

)or1 s#heres o' li'e. Since %he od+ has onl+ a limi%ed ca#aci%+ %o res#ond %o s%ress, i% is

im#or%an% 'or indi&iduals %o o#%imall+ manage %heir s%ress le&el %o o#era%e as 'ull+ 'unc%ioning

human eings.

=here are se&eral )a+s in )hich s%ress can e handled so %ha% %he d+s'unc%ional conse uences o'

s%ress can e reduced. Some o' %hem are:

• Role A$%lysis Tec $i,"e -RAT.: =he Role ?nal+sis =echni ue hel#s o%h %he manager

and %he em#lo+ee %o anal+ e %he re uiremen%s and e #ec%a%ions 'rom %he jo . 7rea1ingC

do)n %he jo in%o &arious com#onen%s clari'ies %he role o' %he jo 'or %he en%ire s+s%em.

=his also hel#s %o elimina%e reduc%ion o' )or1 and %hus lo)ering do)n %he s%ress le&el.

Page | 8



• E#ployee Assist%$ce *rogr%#: ?no%her )idel+ used s%ra%eg+ is %he em#lo+ee

assis%ance Programs, )hich o''er a &arie%+ o' assis%ance %o em#lo+ees. =hese include

counseling em#lo+ees )ho see1 assis%ance on ho) %o deal )i%h alcohol and drug a use,

handling con'lic%s a% %he )or1 #lace, dealing )i%h mari%al and o%her 'amil+ #ro lems. %

includes:

• Diagnosis. ?n em#lo+ee )i%h a #ro lem as1s 'or hel# E?P s%a'' a%%em#%s %o diagnose

%he #ro lem

• Treatment . ounseling or su##or% %hera#+ is #ro&ided ei%her + in%ernal s%a'' or ou%side

re'erral

•

Screening. Periodic e amina%ion o' em#lo+ees in highl+ s%ress'ul jo s 'or earl+ de%ec%iono' #ro lems

• Prevention. Educa%ion and #ersuasion used %o con&ince high ris1 em#lo+ees %o see1 hel#

%o change

• Org%$i/%tio$%l Stress &%$%ge#e$t *rogr%# T%rgets

% includes:

• =raining #rograms 'or managing and co#ing )i%h s%ress

• Redesigning )or1 %o minimi e s%ressors

• hanges in managemen% s%+le %o one o' more su##or% and coaching %o hel# )or1ers

achie&e %heir goals

• rea%ing more 'le i le )or1 hours

• Pa+ing more a%%en%ion %o )or1Jli'e alance )i%h regard %o child and elder care

• 7e%%er communica%ion and %eamC uilding #rac%ices

• 7e%%er 'eed ac1 on )or1er #er'ormance and managemen% e #ec%a%ion.

Page | 9



• C%reer Co"$selli$g: areer ounselling hel#s %he em#lo+ee %o o %ain #ro'essional ad&ice

regarding career %ha% )ould hel# %he indi&idual %o achie&e #ersonal goals. % also ma1es %he

em#lo+ees a)are o' )ha% addi%ional educa%ional uali'ica%ions or s#eciali ed %echnical

%raining, i' an+, -ha% %he+ should ac uire. 7+ ecoming 1no)ledgea le a ou% %he #ossi le

a&enues 'or ad&ancemen%, %he em#lo+ees )ho consider %heir careers %o e im#or%an% can

reduce %heir s%ress le&els + ecoming more realis%ic a ou% %heir o#%ions and can s%ar%

#re#aring %hemsel&es 'or i%.

• Deleg%tio$: ?no%her )a+ o' co#ing )i%h jo s%ress is %o delega%e some res#onsi ili%ies %o

o%hers. "elega%ion can direc%l+ decrease )or1load u#on %he manager and hel#s %o reduce %he

s%ress.

• &ore I$for#%tio$ %$( Help : Some ne) em#lo+ees ha&e %o s#end more %ime on a jo %han

necessar+ ecause %he+ are no% sure )ha% %he+ are doing. So i% is necessar+ %ha% some hel#

should e #ro&ided e'ore doing %he )or1 %ha% )ould lead %o much e''icien%, e''ec%i&e )or1.

% )ould also reduce an ie%+ and s%ress among %he em#lo+ees.

• 0ob Reloc%tio$: Mo reloca%ion assis%ance is o''ered %o em#lo+ees )ho are %rans'erred, +

'inding al%erna%i&e em#lo+men% 'or %he s#ouses o' %he %rans'erred em#lo+ees and ge%%ing

admissions in schools 'or %heir children in %he ne) #lace. =hese arrangemen%s hel# %o reduce

%he an ie%+ and s%ress 'or %he mo&ing 'amil+.

• S"per)isor Tr%i$i$g: ?no%her %+#e o' s%ress managemen% Program %ha% organi a%ions are

e #erimen%ing )i%h is su#er&isor %raining. =he em#hasis on su#er&isor+ %raining Program is

ho) %o #re&en% jo s%ress. Aanagers are %rained %o gi&e e%%er #er'ormance a##raisals, %o

lis%en %o em#lo+ees3 #ro lems more e''ec%i&el+, and %o communica%e jo assignmen%s and

ins%ruc%ions more clearl+.

• I$(i)i("%l Stress Re("ctio$ 'or1s ops : Some organi a%ions ha&e also s#onsored

indi&idual s%ress reduc%ion )or1sho#s 'or %heir em#lo+ees. =hese #rograms include

io'eed ac1, medi%a%ion %o career counselling, %ime managemen% and in%er#ersonal s1ills

)or1sho#s. n lec%ures and seminars, #ar%ici#an%s are gi&en a asic unders%anding o' %he

causes o' s%ress and i%s conse uences. =hen, #ar%ici#an%s are gi&en ma%erials %o hel# %hem

Page | 10



iden%i'+ %he major sources o' s%ress in %heir o)n li&es, and some s%ra%egies 'or dealing )i%h

%ha% s%ress more e''ec%i&el+.

Some o' %he im#or%an% reasons 'or using s%ress managemen% in %he )or1#lace are as 'ollo)s.

• m#ro&es our a ili%+ %o mo%i&a%e em#lo+ees

• (essen o##or%uni%+ 'or decreases in #roduc%i&i%+

• m#ro&es +our a ili%+ %o lead

• ?llo)s %he mee%ing o' deadlines

• "ecreases chances o' une%hical issues

• Reduces #ossi ili%ies o' )or1#lace con'lic%s

• S%reng%hens communica%ion #rocess

• Smoo%h running #rojec%s

• m#ro&es +our a ili%+ %o de&elo# %eam)or1 and %eam uilding

• Gel#s in %he )ri%ing #er'ormance a##raisals

• Reduce jo s%ress + #riori%i ing and organi ing

• Reduce jo s%ress + im#ro&ing emo%ional in%elligence

E''ec%i&e s%ress reduc%ion %ools are de#ic%ed elo):

Page | 11



So"rce: h%%#:JJar%icles.mercola.comJsi%esJar%iclesJarchi&eJ20! J!!J0HJ8Cs%ressCmanagemen%C

%i#s.as#

=he s%ud+ highligh%s major 'i&e cons%ruc%s )hich are in&ol&ed )i%h s%ress. =he+ are as 'ollo)s:

! 2 'or1pl%ce stress %$( 3ell4bei$g: =he )ellC eing can re'er %o %he men%al, #s+chological or

emo%ional as#ec%s o' )or1ers as indica%ed + emo%ional s%a%es and e#idemiological ra%es o'

men%al illnesses and diseases.- c'. Shahandeh, !985/. Bor1 and )ell eing are #ar%icularl+

#o%en% sources o' s%ress, gi&en %ha% mos% adul% de&o%e %heir %ime energ+ and a%%en%ion %o %

%)o li'e domains. In'or%una%el+ recen% socio economic %rends indica%e %ha% )or1 and 'amil+

)ellC eing are e %remel+ s%ress'ul -7ur1e, $reenglass, !98H, Nedec1 !992/

22 'or1pl%ce stress %$( 3or1 life b%l%$ce: )or1Cli'e im alance and jo s%ress are no% ne)

#ro lems %he+ ha&e recei&ed more a%%en%ion %his decade %han e&er e'ore. =oge%her, %hese %)o

#ro lems #ose ris1s %o )or1ers3 )ellC eing as )ell as %o organi a%ional #er'ormance. =o cra'%e''ec%i&e solu%ions %o )or1Cli'e im alance and jo s%ress, decisionCma1ers need solid e&idence

on %he s co#e and na%ure o' %he Pro lems %he+ 'ace - Guman Solu%ionsO Re#or% 200 /.

. 0ob perfor#%$ce 3it 3or1pl%ce stress : Qarious s%udies ha&e een conduc%ed %o e amine

%he rela%ionshi# e%)een jo s%ress and jo #er'ormance. Mo #er'ormance can e &ie)ed as an

Page | 12



ac%i&i%+ in )hich an indi&idual is a le %o accom#lish %he %as1 assigned %o himJher success'ull+,

su jec% %o %he normal cons%rain%s o' reasona le u%ili a%ion o' %he a&aila le resources. ?% a

conce#%ual le&el, 'our %+#es o' rela%ionshi#s )ere #ro#osed %o e is% e%)een %he measures o' jo

s%ress and jo #er'ormance -Mamal A, 200H/.

4. E#ployee pro("cti)ity 3it 5ob stress : 7e%%er managed em#lo+ees are more coo#era%i&e

and ser&e as asse%s 'or an organi a%ion and )hen %heir s%ress is ignored + %he em#lo+er %he

resul%s are increased a sen%eeism, cos%, lo) #roduc%i&i%+, lo) mo%i&a%ion and usuall+ legal

'inancial damages. -=he ''ice o' Radia%ion, hemical and 7iological Sa'e%+, !999/

5. 'or1pl%ce stress 3it 5ob i$sec"rity: jo insecuri%+ is an o&erall concern o' losing one3s jo

or %he discon%inua%ion o' one3s Mo . Mo insecuri%+ also im#lies uncer%ain%+ a ou% %he 'u%ure.so%his au%oma%icall+ crea%es a le&el o' s%ress in %he )or1ers.

CONCLUSION

“You must learn to let go. Release the stress. You were never in control anyway.”

―Steve Maraboli , Life, the Truth, and Being Free . =his uo%e gi&en + S%e&e Aara oli gi&es %he

correc% a ou% s%ress and i%3s real. =hus, ased on %he la%es% s%udies )e ha&e conce#%uali ed %he

'i&e cons%ruc%s. Earlier #a#ers used %o sho)s &arious o%her dimensions 'or s%ress u% in %his

#a#er our s%ud+ sho)s %ha% %hese 'i&e cons%ruc%s #la+ an im#or%an% role in s%ress. S%ress is

some%hing )e can3% a&oid, u% )e can limi% %he im#ac% o' s%ress'ul si%ua%ions, %ha% are #resen%ed,

+ eing heal%h+, managing our %ime, and esca#ing 'rom our e&er+da+ rou%ine. S%ress can e

o&er)helming, and nearl+ im#ossi le %o ge% %hrough li'e )i%hou% encoun%ering. Be ha&e %o learn

%o iden%i'+ %hose si%ua%ions and do some%hing a ou% and %hose )hich )e canD%. Be should also

)or1 a% reducing %he cause o' our s%ress + eing organi ed.

REFERENCES

Page | 13

http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4491185.Steve_Maraboli


http://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/14708444






!. 7ashir, ?sad 200H,Em#lo+ees3 S%ress and %s m#ac% on =heir Per'ormance, irs%

Proceedings o' n%erna%ional on'erence on 7usiness and =echnolog+, "ecem er !H,

200H , Pages !5 C! !, ra Ini&ersi%+ slama ad.

2. 7iron, ., &ers, G., 7run, M.CP., 6 oo#er, . (. -200 /. Ris1 assessmen% o' occu#a%ional

s%ress: E %ensions o' %he lar1e and oo#er a##roach. -ealth, is/ & Society, 0 -4/, 4!HL

429.

. 7ohle., -!989/, =he m#ac% o' nigh% )or1 on #s+chological )ell eing, Ergonomics, 2,

## !089C!099

4. omish, R., S)indle, 7. -!994/ Aanaging s%ress in %he )or1#lace3, 1ational Public

%ccountant , Qol. 9, >o. 9, ##. 24C28.

5. "o)ell, ?n%hon+ 200!, ? Sur&e+ o' Mo Sa%is'ac%ion, Sources o' S%ress and

. Ps+chological S+m#%oms ?mong >e) Nealand Geal%h Pro'essionals, >e) NealandAedical Mournal Qol. !!4, Pages 540C544.

H. $oogins, 7., 6 7urden, ". -!98H/ Qulnera ili%+ o' )or1ing #aren%s: alancing )or1 and

home roles3, Social 2or/ , ##. 295C 00.

8. $reen erg, M and 7aron R. ?. -200 / 7eha&ior in rgani a%ions: Inders%anding and

Aanaging %he Guman Side o' Bor1. >e) "elhi: Pren%iceCGall P&%. (%d.

9. Aaru+ama, Aorimo%o., -!99 /, E''ec%s o' long )or1ing hours on li'es%+le, s%ress and

uali%+ o' li'e among in%ermedia%e Ma#anese managers. Scandina&ian Mournal o' Bor1

En&ironmen% and Geal%h, 22, ## 5 C 59

!0. h%%#:JJ))).'or es.comJsi%esJlisa uas%J20!!J09J2 J%heCim#or%anceCo'C#roac%i&el+C

managingC)or1#laceCs%ressJ

!!. h%%#:JJ))).mind%ools.comJ#agesJar%icleJal rech%Cs%ress.h%m s%hash.sElui9 .d#u'

Page | 14

conceptual overview of emerging work stress related constructs

Documents