conceptualization and design of an efficient … · the detailed design of the components of...

Procedia Technology 25 ( 2016 ) 138 – 145

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2212-0173 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of RAEREST 2016doi: 10.1016/j.protcy.2016.08.090

Global Colloquium in Recent Advancement and Effectual Researches in Engineering, Science

and Technology (RAEREST 2016)

Conceptualization and Design of an Efficient Groundwater Recharge system for NIT Kurukshetra

Manisha Yadava*, Baldev Setiab

aM.Tech Scholar, Department of Civil engineering, NIT Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India bProfessor, Department of Civil engineering, NIT kurukshetra, kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India

Abstract National Institute of Technology (NIT) Kurukshetra is a 292-acre campus, having more than 7000 residents on the campus. Due to lack of an efficient drainage system, the campus turns into a system of pools at important locations. This accumulation of water for long durations creates an unhealthy environment for the inhabitants besides damaging the roads, pavement and foundation of buildings. Hence, keeping in view all the above problems and status of the campus, rainwater harvesting can be considered as one of the solutions for addressing the problem of accumulated rainwater in the NIT Kurukshetra. The total area of the campus is 11,79,607 sqm, out of which 1,15,941 sqm is built up area and rest of the plain area can be utilized for artificial recharge. In this paper, an efficient design of rainwater harvesting system for the campus is proposed. The detailed design of the components of rainwater harvesting through artificial recharge i.e. filter gallery, recharge well, recharge pit, inspection pit etc are provided. It is expected that the result of the study if implemented will certainly fulfill the dual objective of addressing the menace of water logging in the campus besides enriching the groundwater aquifer.

© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of RAEREST 2016.

Keywords: Rainwater harvesting; artificial recharge; aquifer; average annual rainfall; water logging; catchment area; 1. Introduction India is rapidly growing its population to almost five times since five decades from 1951 (62.44 million) to 2001 (286.08 million). Today, with this growing population water demand is not met and water is required in vast amount. Although essential, but freshwater is unevenly distributed. Only 2.5% of earth’s water is freshwater and almost three quarter of it is frozen in the ice caps. In today’s world, much water is wasted or used inefficiently; often demand is growing faster than the supply can be replenished by nature. While competition over water resources can be a source of conflict, history has shown that shared water can also be a catalyst for cooperation. By 2025, it is estimated that about two thirds of the world’s population about 5.5 billion people will live in areas facing moderate to high water stress.

In India, usually this growing problem is taken for granted because of its availability; but in scarcity it becomes our most precious resource. Therefore, by knowing the importance of water to our thriving industries and growing population, India has been trying to find ways to meet the increasing demand and the rainwater harvesting technique is adopted.

*Corresponding author. Tel.:+91-7404538108. E-mail address: [email protected]

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of RAEREST 2016

139 Manisha Yadav and Baldev Setia / Procedia Technology 25 ( 2016 ) 138 – 145

Today, In India, if we particularly talk about “Kurukshetra city” then the city receives an annual rainfall of 582 mm and area is 1530 km2. Thus it can be a potential act to catch rainwater and hence rainwater harvesting is done and later many benefits can be drawn out of this technique.

2. Components of rainwater harvesting

Figure 1: Component of Raimwater Harvesting

3. Methodology

3.1 Study area

Figure 2: Satellite view of the study area

3.2 Hydrogeology

This campus area is underlain by silty clay of low plasticity. Here there were total 7 boreholes drilled at site upto 10 m depth below ground level. There are 5 aquifer systems within the explore depth of 10m. The first aquifer is lying within the depth of 1.9m and it is under unconfined to semi-confined conditions. Transmissivity of the aquifer varies from 1000 to 1500 m2/ day. The result of exploratory drillings reveals the existence of five tier aquifer systems in the city area within the depth of 10 m as detailed below:


Table 1: Condition of aquifer at different depth

S.No. Aquifer Depth Range (m) Aquifer Material

1 Group 1 GL-1.9 CL/ML

2 Group 2 1.9-3.0 SM

3

4

5

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

3.0-5.0

5.0-6.0

6.0-10

SM

CL/ML

CL/ML

3.3 Proposed methodology

Figure 3: Block diagram of proposed methodology

4. Data collection & analysis

4.1 General

This chapter consist of layout of the site, collection of survey data, contour map & computation of area. Hence, starting with its layout plan, simple overview of the area is shown.

To prepare a drawing for survey.

Mark the grid on the study area and collect data’s.

Prepare contour map of a given area.

Define a slope i.e. depressing in nature, for determining the critical area for water-logging.

Design a recharge gallery

Design of the drainage line connect the recharge gallery to the recharge pit .

Through this designed pit, water is used for harvesting and distributed

for different purpose.

Then design numbers of recharge well and auger well in a recharge pit to store sufficient water in it.


4.2 Layout of site

This shows the layout plan of the site and pattern of distributing the ground (as a site) in the form of grid of 5 m*5 m.

Figure 4: Layout plan of the study area

4.3 GIS analysis

Hence below the steps for generating contour map:

Importing the scan map to the GIS Software. Processing scan map and generation of contour line map.

Figure 5: Contour map of the study area


4.4 Working model

Basically, here two model’s are proposed:

Firstly, For the water that is directly reaching the ground so, it may contain the soil particle or contaminants and need to be filtered that is why, firstly these water passes through the filter gallery such that soil particle or contaminant like herbs, dust etc are properly filtered and then it is allowed to reach the recharge pit consisting of auger well and recharge well which stores sufficient water according to its storage capacity and later through it water is extracted according to its use. Above mentioned model is shown below:

Figure 6: Working model for the water that is directly contributing towards the ground

Secondly, For the roof-top water which is contributing it in the ground through the outlet pipes attaching roof-top with ground. As it does not contain soil particle or any such matter so there is no need of filteration here, that is why roof top water need not to be passed through filter gallery and is directly passed to recharge pit consisting of recharge well which store sufficient water and extracted according to its use. Now the above mentioned criterion is shown below.

Figure 7: Working model for the water that is indirectly contributing towards the ground


5. Design analysis

For ground & water that is directly contributing to ground area

Rainwater available for artificial recharge = 35.37m3/day = 1474 lit/hr.

For roof-top area of building that is indirectly contributing to ground

Rainwater available for artificial recharge = 30.81 m3/day = 1284 lit/hr.

5.1 Analysis and design of various components of artificial recharge

5.1.1 For ground & water that is directly contributing to ground area

5.1.1.1 Design of filter gallery & recharge pit

On the basis of Rainwater available for artificial recharge = 35.37 m3/day

Then, Provide a recharge pit = 24 m i.e, Provide a dimension of recharge pit = 4*3*2 m3.

5.1.1.2 Design of recharge well & auger well

On the basis of Rainwater available for artificial recharge=1474 lit/hr. As recharge well has a capacity of 750-1000 lit/hr & auger well has a capacity of 250-500 lit/hr.So, here 1 recharge well with capacity 1000lit/hr & auger well with capacity500 lit/hr is designed.

Figure 8: Drawing for recharge well and recharge pit for directly contributing to ground


5.1.2 For roof-top area of building that is indirectly contributing to ground

5.1.2.1 Design of recharge pit

On the basis of Rainwater available for artificial recharge = 30.81 m3/day

Then, Provide a recharge pit = 32 m3

i.e, provide a dimension of recharge pit = 4*2*2 m3 & Here, 2 recharge pits are provided.

5.1.2.2 Design of recharge well

On the basis of Rainwater available for artificial recharge = 1284 lit/hr

As recharge well has a capacity of 750-1000 lit/hr

So, here 2 recharge well with capacity 750 lit/hr & 1 recharge well in each pit is provided.

Figure 9: Drawing for recharge well & recharge pit for roof top water


6. Conclusion

Implementation of rainwater harvesting is essential to fulfill the increasing water consumption by various sources likes vegetation, washing etc. As here in the campus itself it is observed that there are many problems due to water logging like spreading of diseases, salinity, dampness of nearby walls etc. So many a time when water logging occur it is removed by pumping technique. Thus to reduce this effort and again and again investment in pumping, effective method of recharging is used such that water is harvested and used for future generation.

Also it would prove to be cost effective and beneficial. If cost-benefit ratio will be analysed then it can be said that there are number of benefits with this system over its initial investment so, prove to be economical.

Hence, we conclude that the work carried out for the project on “Conceptualization and Design of an Efficient Groundwater Recharge system for NIT Kurukshetra” is complete in every aspect and provides the required knowledge on the topic which will be of immense use when the harvesting unit will be constructed.

References [1] American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 2001 Standard Guidelines for Artificial Recharge of Ground Water, EWRI/ASCE 34-01(ASCE Standard No. 34-01). [2] Ake Nilsson, Ground water dams for small-scale water supply, IT publication, 1988. [3] Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) 2004 WRD 26(370) -Guidelines for Artificial Recharge to Ground Water. [4] Center for science and environment. A water-harvesting manual, Delhi 2001. [5] Center for Science and Environment – Making water everybody’s business, New Delhi, 2001. [6] Central Ground Water Board 1985 Proceedings of International Seminar on ‘Artificial Recharge to Ground Water’ Held at Ahmedabad, India. [7] Chitale M.A., A blue revolution, Bhavans Book University, Pune 2000. [8] CGWB, UNESCO-IHP (2000) :Rainwater Harvesting and Artificial Recharge to Groundwater. [9] CII, Rainwter harvesting – A guide, New Delhi 2000. [10] Garg, S.K 1987 Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures. [11] Deepak Khare, Ramakand, Ojha and Srivatsava RK (2004) Impact assessment of rainwater harvesting on ground water quality at Indore and Dewas, India. J. Indian Water Works Assoc. 36(2), 123-128. [12] Rajiv Gandhi, National Drinking water missions Handbook on Rainwater harvesting, Government of India, New Delhi, 1998. [13] Rajiv Gandhi National Water Mission, Department of Drinking Water Supply, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India. 2004 Technical Document on Water Harvesting and Artificial Recharge. [14] Sivanappan, R.K. (1999), Soil and Water Conservation and Water harvesting, Tamil Nadu Afforestation project, Chennai. [15] Sivanappan, R.K. Water harvesting, ICCI, Coimbatore 2001. [16] Stockholm water Symposium, (1998)– ‘Water harvesting’ Stockholm. [17] Verma HN & Tiwan KN. (1995) current status and Prospects of Rain Water Harvesting, NIH, Roorkee. .

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