Concert Life Lifts Off

Haydn

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732–1809)

• “Father of the symphony”

• More than 100 surviving symphonies

Modern Concert Life Is Born

• Concert Spirituel (1725–1790)– organized in Paris by Anne Dancian Philidor (1681–

1728)– mix of vocal and instrumental works– overture, symfonia or symphonie (curtain raiser)– cantatas with Latin texts– concerted grand motets

Modern Concert Life Is Born

• Concert program from Vienna, 16 April 1791– “grand symphony” by Mozart– opera arias by Mozart and Paisiello– cello concerto by Pleyel– choral Alleluja by Albrechtsberger– wind-band partita by Druschetzky

Modern Concert Life Is Born

• Giovanni Battista Sammartini (1700/01–1775)– nearly 70 symphonies• Sinfonia in G (1730s) [Anthology 2-7]– 3 movements, binary form– “symphonic binary form”– “sonata form”

The Mannheim Orchestra:“An Army of Generals”

• Mannheim, seat of the Rhineland Palatinate• Court instrumental music• Johann Wenzel Anton Stamitz (1717–1757)• Christian Cannabich (1731–1798)• Mannheim Orchestra– Burney: “It is an army of generals”

Concert Symphonies

• J. C. Bach, Symphony in B-flat, Op. 18, No. 2 [Anthology 2-8]

– originally sinfonia avanti l’opera– premiered in Mannheim, 1775– premier coup d’archet– “rocket”

Haydn: The Perfect Career

• Choirboy at St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna

Haydn: The Perfect Career

• Choirboy at St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna• Studied Fux’s Gradus ad Parnassum• Apprenticed with Nicola Porpora• 1757: employed as Kapellmeister by Count

Morzin– composed early symphonies

Haydn’s Years with the Esterházy Family

• 1761: “Vice-Kapellmeister in the service of his Serene Highness Paul Anton [Esterházy]”

• 1766: acceded to chief Kapellmeister under Nikolaus Joseph

Haydn’s Years with the Esterházy Family

• Eszterháza– two theaters– two concert rooms– large hall

Haydn’s Years with the Esterházy Family

• Composed some 20 Italian operas• At least 75 symphonies• Dozens of quartets• Nearly 200 works for baryton

Expectations and Deviations:Creating Musical Meaning

• Symphony No. 45 [Anthology 2-9]– performed at Eszterháza in 1772– F minor– boldly experimental– Sturm und Drang– “Farewell” – thematische Arbeit (thematic work)

String Quartets

• 68 String Quartets• Op. 33 Quartets – “a new and special manner”– Quartet No. 2 in E-flat [Anthology 2-10]• “The Joke”

The Symphony Composer

• Prince Nikolaus dies 1790• Peter Salomon, London subscription concerts– London Symphonies

Sonata Form

– “First-movement form,” “sonata-allegro form”• slow introduction• exposition• development• recapitulation

The “London” Symphony No. 104

• [Anthology 2-11]• First Movement, D major– Slow introduction– Exposition• Primary Theme in D• Bridge• Secondary Theme area in A• Closing section

The “London” Symphony No. 104

• [Anthology 2-11]• First Movement, D major– Slow introduction– Exposition– Development• primary theme developed, several key areas

The “London” Symphony No. 104

• [Anthology 2-11]• First Movement, D major– Slow introduction– Exposition– Development– Recapitulation• Primary and Secondary themes in D

The “London” Symphony No. 104

• Second Movement, Andante– ternary form: ABA’

• Third Movement– minuet and trio

• Final Movement– fast, 2/4 meter– sonata form

The Culminating Work: The Creation

• [Anthology 2-12]• In the Handelian tradition• Premiered in 1798• Libretto based on the Bible and Milton’s

Paradise Lost